• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.159-166
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• 2010

Objective : The objective of this study was to evaluate the single dose oral toxicity of Hwangryundaedok-tang extract in ICR mice. Methods : 0(control group), 1250, 2500 and 5000 mg/kg of Hwangryundaedok-tang extracts were orally administered to 20 male and 20 female ICR mice. After single oral administration of Hwangryundaedok-tang extract to ICR mice, we observed number of the death, clinical signs, changes of body weights for 14 days. After 14 day of Hwangryundaedok-tang extract administration, all mice were sacrificed and major organs were observed. Results : Compared with the control group, we could not find any toxic signs in the mortalities, clinical signs, body weight changes, necropsy findings and hematological values in all treated groups(1250, 2500 and 5000 mg/kg). Conclusions : $LD_{50}$ value of Hwangryundaedok-tang extracts may be over 5000 mg/kg and it may have no side toxic effect to ICR mice.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.390-402
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• 1997

The ignition noises from the vehicle are measured and the measurement data are statistically treated for modeling. The low-noise amplifier and band-pass filter are added between the receiver and the three axes antenna for low noise level measurement and the APD and PSD are measured in 800 MHz frequency range. The measured APD curves can be expressed in terms of sensitivity study of each model through 3(class A) or 6(Class B) parameters variation, and these optimal parameter can easily be calculated by using the Composite Approximation Algorithm. The selected APD parameter can be used for making the Data Base EM-environments and also applied to determine the output and sensitivity margin for the transmitter and receiver. 'Digital microwave transmission systems are equipped with equalizer against fading during multipath fading. In this paper, we proposed variable reference tap position equalizer that varies the reference tap according to fading type to archive better performance. We got the perf？mance improvement about 4~5 dB in MP condition and 2~3 dB in NMP condition from simulation results.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.71-80
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• 2015

LDO(Low Drop-Out) regulators have become an essential building block in modern PMIC(Power Managment IC) to extend battery life of electronic devices. In this paper, we optimize capacitor-less LDO regulator via Geometric Programming(GP) designed using Dongbu HiTek $0.5{\mu}m$ BCDMOS process. GP-compatible models for stability and PSR of LDO regulators are derived based on monomial formulation of transistor characteristics. Average errors between simulation and the proposed model are 9.3 % and 13.1 %, for phase margin and PSR, respectively. Based on the proposed models, the capacitor-less LDO optimization can be performed by changing the PSR constraint of the design. The GP-compatible performance models developed in this work enables the design automation of capacitor-less LDO regulator for different design target specification.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.133-137
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• 2011

Objectives : Socheongryong-Tang (小靑龍湯, SCRT) has been widely used to treat respiratory disease. In this study, we investigated the protective effects of SCRT on hydrogen peroxide-induced hepatotoxicity. Methods : In the mouse primary liver cells, SCRT was pretreated for 1 h, and 1 mM $H_2O_2$ was treated to mouse primary liver cells. Cell viability was analyzed by using 3- 4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Also, the activity of AST, ALT and LDH were measured for the evaluation the protective effect of SCRT on $H_2O_2$-induced hepatotoxicity. Intracellular ROS level was analyzed by FACS. Results : SCRT pretreatment decreased $H_2O_2$-induced hepatotoxicity and intracellular ROS production. Pretreatment of SCRT significantly reduced the cytotoxic effect induced by $H_2O_2$, associated with reducing DNA fragmentation and AST, ALT, LDH activities. Conclusions : These results suggest that SCRT has protective effect against $H_2O_2$-induced hepatotoxicity.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.101-107
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• 2011

Objectives : Socheongryong-Tang (小靑龍湯, SCRT) has been widely used to treat respiratory disease. In this study, we investigate the acute toxicity and safety of fermented Socheongryong-Tang extract. Methods : To evaluate the acute toxicity and safety, 0 (control group), 1250, 2500 and 5000 mg/kg of Socheongryong-Tang and fermented Socheongryong-Tang extracts were orally administered to male and female ICR mice. After single administration, we observed survival rates, general toxicity, changes of body weight for the 14 days and autopsy. Results : Compared with the control group, we could not find any toxic alteration in all treated group (1250, 2500 and 5000 mg/kg). Conclusions : $LD_{50}$ of Socheongryong-Tang and fermented Socheongryong-Tang extracts might be over 5000 mg/kg and it is safe to ICR mice.

• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.87-93
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• 2011

We developed a fluorene-containing multifunctional binder polymer for LCD color filter resist, and employing the binder polymer, carbon black based black photoresist (CBR) was prepared in order to apply it to the black matrix (BM). To obtain the multifunction of the binder polymer, we synthesized bisphenol fluorene epoxy acrylate-containing unsaturated polyester and identified the binder polymer structure with $^1H$ NMR, GPC and FTIR. The corresponding BFEA-polyester binder polymer was compared with the commercially available acryl binder toward the application to the CBR. From the BM lithography test, we found that the synthesized BFEA-polyester binder had better photocrosslinking capability and alkali solubility. In addition, the newly developed binder gave a good process margin, good resolution and adhesion property on a glass substrate.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.59-65
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• 2010

1. Objectives: The aim of this study is data analysis for acute toxicity and safety of Cheongsimyeonja-tang. 2. Methods: We investigated the acute toxicity for water-extracted Cheongsimyeonja-tang. Fifty five male and female mice were observed for 14 days after one day oral administration of Cheongsimyeonja-tang at the respective doses of 0 (control group), 2560, 3200, 4000 and 5000 mg/kg. 3. Results: We observed survival rates, general toxicity, change of body weight and autopsy. In animals administered with Cheongsimyeonja-tang, there were nither dead animals nor significant changes of body weights. In addition, no differences were found between control and treated groups in clinical sign and autopsy. 4. Conclusion: The data confirmed that Cheongsimyeonja-tang is free from the toxicity and safety problems in treated groups. Compared with the control group, we could not find any toxic alteration in all treated groups(2560, 3200, 4000 and 5000 mg/kg). Lethal Dose 50 (LD50) value for mice was more than 5000 mg/kg per oral for both male and females. It suggest that Cheongsimyeonja-tang in mice is considered to be safe.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.55 no.2
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• pp.121-126
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• 2011

Sipjundaebo-tang was a well-known restorative traditional herbal prescription that used to treat anemia, anorexia, fatigue and inflammation. In this study, we examined the bioconversion of compounds in the Sipjundaebo-tang (SJ) and fermented Sipjundaebo-tang with Lactobacillus fermentum KFRI 164 (FSJ) using established HPLC-DAD method. The chromatogram of FSJ has shown that the contents of six bioactive compounds 5-HMF, paeoniflorin, ferulic acid, cinnam aldehyde, decursin, glycyrrhizin in SJ has decreased. And the contents of unknown compounds (1), (2), (3), (4) and (5) in FSJ were higher than each contents of SJ. The antioxidant activities of SJ and FSJ were conducted by DPPH free radical and Hydrogen peroxide ($H_2O_2$) scavenging assay. Electron donating activity (EDA, %) value of FSJ has shown higher than 21.9% and 14.5% at a concentration of 0.5 mg/ml for DPPH radical scavenging activity and $H_2O_2$ scavenging activity, respectively. Also, the neuroprotective activities of SJ and FSJ against glutamate-induced oxidative stress in a mouse hippocampal cell line (HT22) were evaluated by MTT assay. As a result, FSJ has shown higher neuroprotective activity than 56.5% comparing with SJ. In conclusion, the fermented SJ using microorganism could convert compounds in SJ and enhance antioxidant activity and neuroprotective activity.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.55 no.1
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• pp.64-68
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• 2011

In this study, a high performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector method was established, for simultaneous determination of three compounds, berberine, palmatine and geniposide in Hwangryunhaedok-tang, To develop and validate method, $C_{18}$ column (5 ${\mu}M$, 4.6 mm${\times}$250 mm) was used with gradient mobile phase, water containing 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) and MeOH at the column temperature of $30^{\circ}C$. UV wavelength was set at 230 and 280 nm. Validation of the chromatography method was evaluated by linearity, precision and accuracy test. Calibration curve of standard components showed good linearity ($R^2$ > 0.9999). The limits of detection (LOD) and limits of quantification (LOQ) varied from 0.05 to 0.17 ${\mu}g/ml$ and 0.15 to 0.53 ${\mu}g/ml$, respectively. The relative standard deviations (RSDs) data of intra-day and inter-day test were in less than 2.99% and 1.90%, respectively. The results of the accuracy test were in the range of 98.36 to 102.52% with RSDs values 0.32 to 1.98%. The results of validation indicated that this method was a very accurate and sensitive assay.

• Journal of KIISE
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.227-234
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• 2015

This paper proposes a modified MI-SVM algorithm by considering data distribution. The previous MI-SVM algorithm seeks the margin by considering the "most positive" instance in a positive bag. Positive instances included in positive bags are located in a similar area in a feature space. In order to reflect this characteristic of positive instances, the proposed method selects the "most positive" instance by calculating the distance between each instance in the bag and a pivot point that is the intersection point of all positive instances. This paper suggests two ways to select the "most positive" pivot point in the training data. First, the algorithm seeks the "most positive" pivot point along the current predicted parameter, and then selects the nearest instance in the bag as a representative from the pivot point. Second, the algorithm finds the "most positive" pivot point by using a Diverse Density framework. Our experiments on 12 benchmark multi-instance data sets show that the proposed method results in higher performance than the previous MI-SVM algorithm.