• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.46 no.1 s.145
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• pp.159-164
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• 2007

Pea weevil was easily observed in the flower and pod of garden pea, but not observed in soybean at various locations in Yeongnam district through 2001 to 2003. Number of pea weevil observed in pea flower was the highest at Milyang (20), followed by Yangsan (15), Sacheon (14) and Changnyong (13), and was the lowest at Pohang (3). On the other hand, number of pea weevil observed in pea pod was the highest at Tongyeong (192), followed by Changnyong (171), Sacheon (157) and Changwon (138), and was the lowest at Pohang (12) which showed simila. tendency with the result of pea flower. Number of pea weevil occurrence observed in pea pod after one and two times applications of Insecticides in pea field were different at harvest day of 30th May while were not significantly different at harvest day of 5th June. Likewise, number of pea pod damage after one and two times applications of insecticides were different at harvest day of 10th May while was not different at harvest day of 5th June. Thus, control efficacies of insecticides according to application times against pea weevil showed very high with above 95% at harvest day of 6th June while showed variable control efficacies at harvest of 30th May.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.51-60
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• 1984

Two cases of natural human infection by Heterophyopsis continua (Heterophyidae) were identified by collection of adult worms in 1983 in Korea. And in order to know the source of infection a study on fish intermediate hosts was performed along the southwestern coastal areas. The cases were 21 and 50 year old males residing in southern coastal areas. They had the clinical complaints of non-specific gastrointestinal symptoms such as epigastric pain and one of them also complained the discharge of tapeworm segments. Praziquantel in single dose of 10~15mg/kg was given followed by purgation with magnesium salt and 2 and 46 specimens of H. continua were collected from the diarrheal stools. They said to have eaten raw ilesh of several kinds of brackish water fishes. The results of fish examination for metacercarial infection were as follows: I. Seventeen (663.0%) out of 27 perches (Lateolabrax japonicus) and 10 (29.4%) out of 34 gobies (Acantkogobius flavimanus) harboured the metacercariae but none of 42 mullets (Mugil cepkalus) were found to harbour them. 2. The average metacercarial density in perches was 55.1 and 18.7 per fish respectively. And the majority of the metacercariae were collected from the muscle of body portions in these fishes. 3. After the metaeercariae were experimentally fed to two rats and one young dog. two adult worms were recovered from the dog while none from the rats. These worms were also identified as H. continua. From the results it was concluded that the brackish water flshes which the human cases said to have eaten were the source of infection.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.93-107
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• 2011

This research was carried out to investigate invertebrate fauna with organic and conventional pear orchards, which used four collected methods; soil sampling for soil microorganism, pitfall, malaise, and black light trap for over ground species. Collected species were 37 species, 1,184 individuals in organic and 28 species, 501 individuals by soil sampling in conventional pear fields. Those were 38 species, 646 individuals and 29 species, 440 individuals by pitfall trap, 55 species 650 individuals and 47 species, 508 individuals by malaise trap, and 23 species, 201 individuals and 9 species, 42 individuals by black light trap. Collembola was collected 389 individuals in organic which was 5 times than in conventional in soil sampling. In pitfall trap, that was 183 individuals which was 3 times. The diversity indices of organic pear orchards were 1.956 in May, 2.638 in August and those of conventional was 1.426 in May, 2.011 in August in soil sampling. In pitfall trap, the dominant species were spiders, collembollan, and coleopteran. Among Coleoptera, indicator insects for the evaluation of agricultural environment suggested were Eusilpha jakowelewi as organic pear orchard and Anisodactykus punctatipennis and Pheropsophus jessoensis as conventional. Malaise trap was collected dominant species as Diptera and Hymenoptera of Braconidae and Ichneumonidae. The diversity indices of organic pear orchards were 2.952, 3.120, and 2.010 in pitfall, malaise and black light trap in over ground invertebrate sampling. The highest diversity was in malaise trap. The higher diversity indices, the lower dominance indices.

• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.205-209
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• 2006

Genetic change from broodstock to hatchery stock of the olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus and effective number of breeders (Ne) were investigated by the different fertilized-egg collecting methods; E1 (eggs collected one day after spawning) and E2 (eggs collected two days after spawning) using seven microsatellite loci (Kop2, Kop22, Kop18, Kop3, Kop21, Kop9 and Kop26) for the better understanding of stock enhancement. Observed heterozygosity in three stocks ranged from 0.651 at Kop3 to 0.928 at Kop22, with offspring being slightly higher heterozygous over their parents. However, the genetic reduction of offspring was significant. The offspring allele number per locus was reduced to 23.5% for E1 and 17.6% for E2 of their maternal number. Ne to the hatchery stock was estimated to be 21.9 for E1 and 34.3 for E2. The inbreeding coefficients of populations El and E2 were 0.023 and 0.015, respectively. The present study suggests the extension of the egg collection period for a recovery of the genetic diversity in artificially produced offspring.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.189-197
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• 2012

A survey was conducted to investigate infection of anisakid nematode larvae in 243 wild marine fishes caught from the southern coastal area of Korea between 2010 and 2012. The samples comprised fishes from 9 orders, 30 families and 50 species. Total infection rate of anisakid nematode larvae was 10.7% (26/243 fish), which comprised from Yeosu, 7.4% (7/95) in 2010 and 22.7% (5/22) in 2011; from Jeju, 8.2% (5/61) in 2011; from Wando, 40.9% (9/22) in 2012. Anisakid nematode larvae were not detected in Tongyoung and Wando samples in 2011. Molecular identification of the 89 worms from 26 fish was conducted by PCR-RFLP and/or sequence analysis of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of ribosomal DNA. From the results, 6 kinds of anisakis species were identified: Anisakis pegreffii (infection rate: 53.9%, 48/89 worms), Hysterothylacium aduncum (38.2%, 34/89), H. fabri (3.4%, 3/89), hybird (A. simplex X A. pegreffii) (2.4%, 2/89), A. simplex (1.1%, 1/89) and Raphidascaris lophii (1.1%, 1/89). The rate of single infection was 80.8% (21/26 infected fish), while 19.2% (5/26) showed mixed infection with 2 to 3 different anisakis species.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Organic Agriculture Conference
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• 2009.12a
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• pp.290-290
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• 2009

유기 배 과수원의 생물종 다양성을 조사한 결과, 월동 직후 유기배 과수원에서는 13종 503마리, 관행 과수원에서 11종 145마리의 토양 미소동물이 채집되었다. 채집된 종류는 거미, 지네, 노래기와 곤충들이다. 유기과수원에는 특히 응애와 거미가 많이 채집되었으며 특히 곤충 중에서 톡토기는 247마리로 관행에 비해 7배가 많이 채집되었다. 또한 생태지수인 종다양도가 관행 1.383에 비해 1.589로 더 높았다. 서식지별 분포를 보면 나무 바로 밑의 개체수와 종수가 더 많아 배나무 뿌리를 중심으로 생활하고 있음을 확인하였다. 여름철 토양동물의 분포는 달팽이, 지렁이를 비롯한 미소 동물들이 유기인증 과수원에는 24종 632마리, 관행에서는 15종 340마리가 채집되어 유기인증 농가에서 월등히 많은 토양동물이 살고 있었으며 종다양도역시 유기농가 2.021로 관행인 1.652보다 높았다. 청목(1985)의 자연도 평가 A그룹종은 환경저항성이 낮아 쉽게 소멸되는 그룹으로 애지네, 노래기 땅지네 등이 여기에 속하는데 유기농가에서 개체수들이 더 많이 채집되었다. 추락트랩을 이용한 조사에서 딱정벌레 중 점박이먼지벌레가 관행 과수원에서 월등히 높았으며 유기농가에서는 큰넓적송장벌레가 채집되어 이들 종이 지표종으로 선발될 수 있을 것으로 보인다. 또한 거미류 중에 수풀오소리거미가 많이 채집되었으며 채찍늑대거미, 꼬마게거미, 점게거미등은 유기농가에서만 채집되어 추후 이들 종이 지표종으로 선발될 가능성이 있었다. 말레이트랩에서는 고치벌과 맵시벌 종류가 많이 채집되었고 파리류에서는 초파리가 많았으며 털검정파리는 유기인증 농가에서 만이 채집되었다. 유아등을 이용한 야간 곤충류를 채집한 결과 유기농가에서 16종 201마리, 관행 9종 42마리가 채집되어 야간에 활동하는 곤충류 역시 유기농가가 많았다. 추락트랩과 말레이트랩모두 유기인증 농가에서 종다양도가 관행보다 높았으며 유아등 채집에서도 마찬가지 결과를 보여 유기배 과수원이 토양 뿐 아니라 배를 중심으로 생활하는 모든 동물들의 종 다양성이 우수함을 알 수 있었다.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.30 no.4 s.81
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• pp.433-440
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to investigate osteonectin expression patterns in cleft palate compare to normal palate rats. We used 4 pregnant rats, and beta-aminoproprionitrile was oral dose to rat according to 1g/kg body weight at gestation days 13 to induce cleft palate. Total 6 fetus was got with cleft formed, then 3 fetus was used for immunohistostain and 3 fetus was used for western blot analysis. Expression patterns of osteonectin in mesenchymal cells of cleft palate was more dilute to mesenchymal cells of normal palate with immnunohistostain, and width and length of band of maxilla in cleft palate was more thin than maxilla of normal palate with western blot study.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.357-362
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• 2014

Pathogenicity of Steinernema carpocapsae GSN1 strain was evaluated against Morophagoides moriutii larvae. In Petridish tests, insect mortality by the nematode was dose dependent, which increased with dose from 5 to 160 infective juveniles(IJs)/larva. Pathogenicity against fourth-instar larvae was higher than the rate of corresponding second- and third-instar larvae, showing 100% insect mortality with the dose of 40 IJs/$4^{th}$ instar larva and 80 IJs/$2^{nd}$ or $3^{rd}$ instar larvae. Lethal concentration values at 50% ($LC_{50}$) of S. carpocapsae GSN1 strain were 4.2 IJs/$2^{nd}$ instar larva; 8.5 IJs/$3^{rd}$ instar larva; and 2.3 IJs/$4^{th}$ instar larva, respectively. The number of nematodes established in M. moriutii larvae after infection increased in the increment of dose and insect developmental stage. The highest number of nematodes was harvested from fourth instar larvae of M. moriutii at a dose of 160 IJs per larva, showing 22.5 nematodes per insect larva. Nematode reproductive capacity was related to insect developmental stage, showing 6,335 IJs/$2^{nd}$ instar larva, 21,660 IJs/$3^{rd}$ instar larvae, and 88,700 IJs/$4^{th}$ instar larvae.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.99-108
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• 1993

An epidemiological study of Metogonimus infection was undertaken along the upper reaches of the Nmhn River, with special consideration on the species (type) of the worms collected from humans. Eggs of Metogonimus spp. were detected from 15 (9.7%) of 154 people examined in Umsong-gun, and from each Infected person (5 cases) 6.015- 24,060 worms (mean 13,2331 were recovered after treatment with praziquantel (10 mg/kg). Eggs were also detected from 37 (48.1% of 77 people In Yongwol-gun, from whom (27 casesl 1-4,965 worms (mean 1,2151 were collected. The worm from Umsong-gun consisted of both Metagonimus Miyata type and Metagonimus takohashii, whereas those from Yongwol-gun consisted of only Metqsonimus Miyata type. When the uterine eggs of the two kinds and M. yokogawoi (obtained from people In Tamjin River basin) were morphologically compared, it was suggested that the egg size should be a good Indicator for discrlmination of the species or type. The source of human Infection was proved to be fresh water fleshes: 49 of 52 Znsco plntvpus examined, 6 of 8 Hemibcrbus loniroskis, 13 of 15 Pseunogobio esuinl:, 4 of 6 Odontobutis obscura intemfptn, and 17 of 18 Corqssiw carassiw were found Infected with Metosonimw metacercariae. From the results, it is concluded that the upper reaches of the Namhan River are endemic foci of Metogonimn Miyata type and M. takahashii.

• 월간낙농육우
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• v.26 no.12 s.296
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• pp.103-108
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• 2006