• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Surface Engineering Conference
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• 2016.11a
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• pp.110-110
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• 2016

금속재료 중 철강은 기계적 성질이 우수하고 대량생산에 의한 뛰어난 경제성을 가지기 때문에 다양한 산업 분야에서 널리 사용되고 있다. 그러나 스테인리스강 등과 같은 일부 특수한 용도의 강을 제외하고는 부식 환경에 취약하기 때문에 그 용도에 따라 표면처리를 함으로서 내식특성을 부여하고 있다. 일반적으로 이러한 철강재료에 대한 부식문제를 해결하기 위한 방법으로는 습식프로세스 중 아연(Zn)도금이 사용되는데, 아연은 그 자체가 보유하고 있는 차폐(barrier)효과는 물론 상대적으로 이온화 경향이 크기 때문에 철에 대하여 전자를 공급하는 희생양극적(Sacrificial anode)역할을 하여 철을 방식하는 원리를 가지고 있다. 하지만 최근에 이르러 기존의 도금 프로세스 처리된 제품의 사용 및 적용분야가 확대되고 가혹해 짐에 따라서 내식성 향상을 위한 새로운 재료 및 신기술 개발이 요구되고 있는 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 친환경 프로세스 방법인 PVD법 중 하나인 스퍼터링(Sputtering)을 이용하여 0.8mm 두께의 냉연강판 (cold rolled steel) 상에 Al에 대한 Mg 함량을 10~30wt.%로 하여 약 $5{\mu}m$ 두께의 막을 제작하였다. 이때 20wt.% 막의 경우 공정압력조건을 증가시켜 증착 막의 결정배향성을 변화시켰다. 뿐만 아니라 제작된 막들에 대해서 $400^{\circ}C$온도에서 10분간 열처리함으로서 코팅막의 성분변화에 따른 영향을 살펴보기 위해 시편을 추가 제작하였다. 이와 같이 제작된 막들에 대한 형성메커니즘과 내식성의 상관관계 해명을 위해 막의 조성분포, 표면 및 단면의 모폴로지 관찰 및 결정구조 등 재료특성분석과 더불어 염수분무(Salt spray test), 침지시험 그리고 양극분극 시험 등을 통해 내식성 평가를 진행하였다. 이상의 종합적인 결과를 살펴보면 제작된 Al-Mg 막은 마그네슘 함량비 및 열처리 조건에 따라 조성분포와 막의 모폴로지 및 결정배향성이 변화한다는 것을 알 수 있었는데, 마그네슘 함량이 증가하고 열처리한 막의 내식성이 가장 양호한 것으로 나타났다. 이것은 Al-Mg 성분이 표면을 중심으로 균일 분산-분포하며, Al에 대한 Mg의 고용으로 인해 안정적으로 형성된 부식생성물과 금속화합물의 단계적 반응 효과에 의해 차폐효과와 희생양극적 특성이 동시에 향상되었기 때문으로 생각된다. 한편 공정 압력을 증가시켜 형성한 막은 결정학적 구조에서 보다 높은 표면 에너지와 증가한 격자 정수에 의해 Mg이 부식환경에서 빠르게 반응하여 안정적 피막을 형성하기 때문에 내식성이 향상된 것으로 보여 진다. 이상의 연구를 통해서 고내식성을 Al-Mg막의 유효성 확인하였으며, 설계에 대한 기초적인 응용지침을 제시할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• FLOWER RESEARCH JOURNAL
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.144-150
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• 2011

This study was carried out to develop the soil amendment practice by phosphate solubilizing bacteria application in greenhouse chrysanthemum cultivation area with high salt accumulation. The experimental site (ShinWoo Flower, GwangJu) has been cultivated chrysanthemum for 15 years and showed significant salt accumulation. The phosphate solubilizing bacteria, Pseudomonas putida (KSJ11), Acinetobacter calcoaceticus (KSJ3) and Acinetobacter calcoaceticus (WP20) formulated on vermiculite for easy use, were applicated. Each 250L of phosphate solubilizing bacteria was applied for $82m^2$ before planting. Acinetobacter calcoaceticus (KSJ3; WP20) increased the amount of soluble phosphorus in an effective level. Particularly, Acinetobacter calcoaceticus (WP20) increased not only the level of soluble phosphorus but also potassium, calcium and magnesium resulting in the increase of EC in the soil. The level of nematode was also decreased with the non-treated increased. As a result, we suggest that selected phosphate solubilizing bacteria (WP20) could be a useful practice for soil amendment in chrysanthemum plantation soil and provided an opportunity to reduce the use of the fertilizer during the cultivation period.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.29 no.3B
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• pp.303-310
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• 2009

Natural zeolite is widely used as sorbents and bio-media materials because it is cheap as well as it has efficient porous structures and large cation exchange. In this study, the effect of metal cations $(Na^+,\;Ca^{2+},\;Mg^{2+},\;Al^{3+})$ adsorbed to natural zeolite on the microorganism attachment was investigated. Metal-modified zeolites (MMZ) were prepared with 0.01 M, 0.02 M and 0.1 M NaCl, $CaCl_2$, $MgCl_2$ and $AlCl_3$ solutions respectively, which concentrations were equivalent to 10%, 20% and 100% of cation exchange capacity (CEC) of natural zeolite. Pseudomonas putida was used as microorganism which was cultivated in Beef Extract Medium at $26^{\circ}C$. The microorganism attachment to MMZ was increased more than natural zeolite. The amount of bacterial adhesion to MMZ and natural zeolite were $Mg^{2+}>natural>Na^+>Al^{3+}>Ca^{2+}$ under 10% of CEC, $Mg^{2+}>Ca^{2+}>Al^{3+}>natural>Na^+$ under 20% of CEC and $Ca^{2+}>Mg^{2+}>natural>Al^{3+}>Na^+$ under 100% of CEC. Especially, Mg-modified zeolite (Mg-MZ) showed the highest amount of bacterial adhesion, which increased the microorganism attachment 60% higher than natural zeolite under 10% of CEC. However, the amount of bacterial adhesion was decreased as the concentration of metal cations modified to zeolite were increased, showing that the increased amounts were 60% under 10% of CEC, 50% under 20% of CEC and 10% under 100% of CEC in Mg-MZ. Additionally, the effect of $Mg^{2+}$ in solution on the bacterial adhesion was investigated in order to compare it with the effect of $Mg^{2+}$ adsorbed to zeolite. The maximum quantity of bacterial adhesion to Mg-MZ was not different from the amount of microorganism attachment to the natural zeolite when $Mg^{2+}$ solution was added.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.447-459
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• 1999

A study was conducted to compare three analytical methods for determination of hexavalent chromium in the welding fume. Precision and accuracy arc documented for colorimetric, ion chromatographic, and inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopic method. Evidence is presented that welding fume can affect the oxidation of trivalent chromium. A simple sonication extraction method, proposed in this study, instead of hot alkaline extraction has the advantage of minimizing the potential for chromium oxidation.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.56 no.4
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• pp.561-567
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• 2018

In this study, the electrochemical characteristics of Silicon/Carbon anode materials were analyzed to improve the cycle stability of silicon as an anode materials of lithium ion battery. Porous silicon was prepared from TEOS by the $st{\ddot{o}}ber$ method and the magnesiothermic reduction method. Silicon/Carbon anode materials were synthesized by varying the mass ratio between porous silicon and pitch. Physical properties of the prepared Silicon/Carbon anode materials were analyzed by XRD and TGA. Also the electrochemical performances of Silicon/Carbon anode materials were investigated by constant current charge/discharge, rate performance, cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance tests in the electrolyte of $LiPF_6$ dissolved in organic solvents (EC : DEC = 1 : 1 vol%). The Silicon/Carbon anode composite (silicon : carbon = 5 : 95 in weight) has better capacity (453 mAh/g) than those of other composition cells. The cycle performance has an excellent capacity retention from 2nd cycle to 30th cycle.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.80-85
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• 2015

Silicon/carbon composites as anode materials for lithium-ion batteries were examined to find the cycle performance and capacity. Silicon/carbon composites were prepared by a two-step method, including the magnesiothermic reduction of SBA-15 (Santa Barbara Amorphous material No. 15) and carbonization of phenol resin. The electrochemical behaviors of lithium ion batteries were characterized by charge/discharge, cycle, cyclic voltammetry and impedance tests. The improved electrochemical performance attributed to the fact that silicon/carbon composites suppress the volume expansion of the silicon particles and enhance the conductivity of silicon/carbon composites (30 ohm) compared to that of using the pure silicon (235 ohm). The anode electrode of silicon/carbon composites showed the high capacity approaching 1,348 mAh/g and the capacity retention ratio of 76% after 50 cycles.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.687-694
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• 1996

Myrosinase was purified from Korean mustard seed(Brassica juncea) by a sequential process of DEAE-cellulose, concanavalin A-sepharose, and Superose 6 chromatography. The molecular weight of puri-fied myrosinase(II-2) determined by SDS-polyacrylamide electrophoresis was 67KD. About a 248-fold purification for myrosinase II-2 was obtained after Superose 6 chromatography. Optimum pH of the myrosinase was 7.0 and optimum temperature of the enzyme was $3^{\circ}C.$ The enzyme was stable at pH 7.0, and below $30^{\circ}C.$ Cu, Hg and Fe ion significantly inhibited the enzyme activity, but ascorbic acid enhanced, resulting in a maximum activity by 1mM ascorbic acid. Among tile ascorbic acid ana-logues, dehydroascorbic acid inhibited the enzyme activity, whereas others showed a little effect. Reducing agents such as 2-mercaptoethanol and dithiothreitol inhibited the enzyme activity, but the reducing agents with ascorbic acid was enhanced enzyme activity.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.35-41
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• 1998

This experiment was conducted to find out the effect of artificial light sources(high-pressure sodium lamp, metal halide lamp and fluorescent lamp) on growth of crisphead lettuce(Lactuca sativa L.) in a plant factory. No significant differences in leaf fresh and dry weight were presented among them. Lettuce plants grown under fluorescent lamp showed the lowest growth. Considering the growth of lettuce and efficiency of lamps, it is worth using HPS(high-pressure sodium) lamp in plant factories. The leaves of lettuce plants grown under artificial light sources showed tipburn symptoms at 14th day after transplanting. The beginning of tipburn symptom have been seen on the ninth to tenth leaves from the cotyledons. It is estimated that the occurrence of tipburn was related to rapid growth and K uptake of the lettuce Plants. The Ca, Mg. Cu and Zn elements tended to be accumulated in the nutrient solutions but the T-N, P, Fe and Mn elements keep in balance in them.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.54 no.4
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• pp.459-464
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• 2016

In this study, the electrochemical characteristics of porous silicon/carbon composite anode were investigated to improve the cycle stability and rate performance in lithium ion batteries. In this study, the effect of TEOS and $NH_3$ concentration, mixing speed and temperature on particle size of nano silica was investigated using $St{\ddot{o}}ber$ method. Nano porous Si/C composites were prepared by the fabrication processes including the synthesis of nano $SiO_2$, magnesiothermic reduction of nano $SiO_2$ to obtain nano porous Si by HCl etching, and carbonization of phenolic resin. Also the electrochemical performances of nano porous Si/C composites as the anode were performed by constant current charge/discharge test, cyclic voltammetry and impedance tests in the electrolyte of $LiPF_6$ dissolved inorganic solvents (EC:DMC:EMC=1:1:1vol%). It is found that the coin cell using nano porous Si/C composite has the capacity of 2,006 mAh/g and the capacity retention ratio was 55.4% after 40 cycle.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.131-137
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• 2004

In the present study, phosphatidylcholine (PC) hydrolyzing enzyme had been isolated from membrane of flounder liver. PC hydrolyzing enzyme solubilized in 1% Triton X -100 from membrane was partially purified by sequential chromatography on Heparin Sepharose CL-6B and Heparin-5PW columns. The products by membrane-bound hydrolyzing enzyme were identified as phosphatidic acid and choline, but in the presence of primary alcohol, phosphatidylethanol was produced at the expense of phosphatidic acid. These data suggest that membrane-bound enzyme may be a PC-phosphoipase D (PLD) type. The enzyme had pH optimum at below 6.0 and temperature optimum at $37^\circ{C}$. The activity of PC-PLD was dose-dependently increased by $Ca^{2+}$ but not $Mg^{2+}$. The activity of PC-PLD was stimulate by PC, PIP2 and PE.