• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.52
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• pp.241-272
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• 2003

The Self-Support Program was introduced as an antipoverty policy at 2002 year in Korea. But, the Self-Support Program's negative or positive effects have been debated from diverse perspectives to the present. Thus, in this paper, we analyzed the effects of the Self-Support Program using the survey data from program participants. Even though the effects of Workfare Programs can be evaluated by various indicators(ex. income, employment status, poverty status, etc.), in our analysis the effects of the Self-Support Program are evaluated by participants' self-reliant attitudes and behaviors. Major findings are as follows. First, we found that some kinds of self-reliant attitudes(ex. work commitment, self-esteem, etc.) were build up through participation on the Self-Support program, but some kinds of self-reliant factors(job competence and skill, self-sufficiency prospect, etc.) which are more relevant to the self-sufficiency were not build up thorough it. Second, we found the positive effects of the program among people who are females, olders, less educated, more healthy, and the participants who have acquired more certificate of qualifications. Third, we also found that self-support center's job training program, adequate task matching, agency climates and intra-networks influence on the positive effects of the Self-Support Program. These findings suggest that the Self-Support Program has not been successful up to now and it's reformations are required. It means that objectives of the Self-Support Program as an anti-poverty policy must be obvious and program contents must be diverse. And also program administration systems need to be reformed in oder to raise the effectiveness of the Self-Support Program.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.5_6
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• pp.39-46
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• 1968

This experiment was conducted to study the effects of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and sugar contents in the loaves of five different host plants on tile larval period, pupal period, pupal period, number of eggs in the ovary, and the tolerance of fall webworm larvae (Hyphantria cunea DRURY) to gamma-BHC. The results obtained in this study were as follows; 1. The contents of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and sugar in tile leaves tested were varied with the species of the host plants and sampling time. 2. The larval and pupal periods were also varied with the host plants and generation of the fall webworm. The shortest larval and pupal periods were found in the mulberry and the longest ones in the apple tree, and their periods were shortened much more in the second generation. Except the relation between the larval period and tile nitrogen content in the first generation, significant correlation could not be found between their periods and nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and surgar contents. The nitrogen contents among the other chemical factors, however, might be much more influenced on their developing period. 3. The pupal weight and number of eggs in the ovary were also varied with the host plants. sex, and generation. In both generations, the greatest pupal weight and number of eggs per female were found in the mulberry and the least ones in the apple tree. No significant correlation could be found between the pupal weight and number of eggs per female and the chemical factors analyzed. However, only the nitrogen content seemed to be highly related to the pupal weight and number of eggs. 4. The tolerance of the fall webworm larval to gamma-BHC was highly varied with the host plants. The host order o( the larval tolerance level to gamma-BHC was box-elder, popla, platanus, apple tree, and mulberry. There was no significant correlation between the larval tolerance to the BHC and the chemical factors analyzed. However, the larvae fed on the host plant with higher pottassium content were shown a tendency to be higher tolerant.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.365-374
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• 2009

Purpose : This research evaluates the effect of the use of absorbable membrane barrier with deproteinized bovine bone (Bio-$Oss^{(R)}$, Switzerland) on bone healing in surgically created critical-sized defects in rat calvaria. Materials and Methods : Two standardized transosseous circular calvarial defects (5 mm in diameter) are made in each calvarium of 30 rats. These rats are divided into negative control group(n=15), positive control group(n=15) and two experimental groups(n=15). In the negative control group, defects are only filled with blood clots. In the positive control group, defects are filled with autogenous bone obtained from calvarium; in the experimental group 1, defects are filled with deproteinized bovine bone; and in the experimental group 2, defects are filled with deproteinized bovine bone with absorbable membrane. At the postoperative 1 week, 3 weeks. and 6 weeks, clinical. histologic and histomorphometric evaluations of the defects are performed. Results : 1. The grafted bone without membrane in the calvarial bone defect was scattered but, the grafted bone with membrane was stable. 2. $BioMesh^{(R)}$ membrane was absorbed beginning at 3 weeks, and was absorbed considerably at 6 weeks while maintaining the structural form of the membrane. 3. The use of membrane blocked soft tissue invasion. 4. In histomorphometric analysis. it showed the greatest amount of new bone formation in the positive control group. The amount of new bone formation was greater in the experimental group 2 than experimental group 1. At 6 weeks. the amount of new bone formation was greater in the positive control group than experimental group l(p<0.005). Conclusion : These results suggest that membrane increase the stability of grafted bone and protects from soft tissue invasion, and the use of the membrane may promote new bone formation in deproteinized bovine bone graft area.

• 선박안전기술공단연구보고서
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• s.4
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• pp.1-108
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• 2007

2007. 7. 23 IMO의 NAV(항해안전전문위원회)53차 회의에서는 e-Navigation을 해상에서의 안전, 보안, 해양환경보호를 목적으로 전자적인 수단에 의해 선박과 육상에서 해양정보를 수집, 교환, 표시함으로써 항구와 항구간의 항해 및 관련된 서비스를 향상시키는 것으로 정의하고 있다.2005년 11월 영국의 교통부 장관 Stephen 박사는 Royal Institute ofNavigation에서의 연설에서 해상안전과 환경보호를 위하여 선박의 항해를 감시하는 관제소 및 항행하는 선박에 유용하고 정확한 정보가 더 많이 필요함을 역설하였다. 그리고 첨단 기술에 의해 자동화된 항공 항법분야를 예로들면서, 선박의 항법 분야도 항해와 관련된 모든 시설 및 작업을 전자적 수단으로 대체하는 개념인 e-Navigation으로 전환되어야 하며 영국은 이에 필요한 작업을 주도하겠다는 의견을 피력하였다. Stephen은 e-Navigation 도입으로 얻을 수 있는 이익으로 첫째, 항해 실수로 인한 사고 확률저감, 둘째,사고 발생 시 인명 구조 및 피해 확산을 위한 효율적 대응, 셋째, 전통적인항해시설 설치 불필요로 인한 비용 저감, 넷째 선박입출항 수속의 간편화 및항로의 효율적 운용으로 인한 상업적 이익 등을 들었다. 반면에e-Navigation 체계로 전환 시 예상되는 장애로는 첫째, 체계 구축을 위한 비용(특히 개발도상국가들의 경우 어려움 예상), 둘째, e-Navigation의 성과 달성을 위하여 세계 전 해역의 모든 선박이 e-Navigation 체계에 동참하도록유도하는 문제, 셋째, 전자해도 표시 및 선교 장비들에 대한 표준화 문제, 넷째, 육상에 설치할 e-Navigation 센터의 설계 및 구축 등을 꼽았다.IMO는 2005년 81차 MSC(해사안전위원회) 회의에서 영국이 일본, 마샬아일랜드, 네덜란드, 노르웨이, 싱가포르, 미국과 공동으로 제안한 ‘e-Navigation전략 개발’ 의제를 2006년 82차 MSC 회의에서 채택하고, NAV(항해 전문위원회)를 통하여 2008년까지 e-Navigation의 구체적 개념을 정립하고 향후 개발하여야 할 전략적 비전과 정책을 수립하기로 하였다. 이어서 영국을 의장으로 e-Navigation 전략개발 통신작업반이 구성되었는데, 지난 년간 19개국, 16개 전문기관이 참여하여 아래의 작업이 수행되었다. ○ e-Navigation 개념의 정의와 목적 ○ e-Navigation에 대한 핵심 이슈 및 우선 순위 식별 ○ e-Navigation 개발에 따른 이점과 단점의 식별 ○ IMO 및 회원국 등의 역할 식별 ○ 이행계획을 포함한 추가 개발을 위한 작업계획의 작성 IMO에서 수행되고 있는 e-Navigation 전략 개발 의제 일정은 2008년까지이다. 이 전략 개발에 있어서 중요한 요소는 e-Navigation이 포함할 서비스범위, 포함하는 서비스 제공에 필요한 인프라 및 장비의 식별, 인프라 구축및 운용비용을 부담할 주체에 대한 논의, e-Navigation으로 인한 이익과 투자비용에 대한 비교 분석 등이다. 이 과정에서 정부, 선주, 항만운영자, 선원등의 입장 차이와 선진국과 개발도상국 간의 경제 수준 차이는 전략 개발에있어 큰 어려움을 줄 것이므로, 이들이 합의된 전략을 만들기 위해서는 예정된 기간보다 다소 늦어질 가능성도 있다.e-Navigation 전략 개발이 완료되면 1단계로는 해상교통 관제시스템, 선박선교 장비, 무선 통신장비 등에 대한 표준화 작업이 이루어질 것이다. 이 과정에서 각국 간에 자국 보유 기술을 표준화시키기 위한 경쟁이 치열할 것으로 예상된다. 2단계에서는 e-Navigation 체계 하에서의 다양하고 풍부한 서비스 제공을 위한 관련 소프트웨어 및 하드웨어의 개발이 이루어질 것으로전망되는데, 이는 지난 10년간 육상에서 인터넷망 설치 후 이루어진 관련 서비스 산업의 발전을 돌아보면 쉽게 짐작할 수 있을 것이다.e-Navigation 체계 하에서 선박의 항해는 현재와는 전혀 다른 패러다임으로 바뀔 것이다. 예를 들어 현재 입출항 시 요구되던 복잡한 절차는one-stop 쇼핑 형태로 단순화되고, 현재 선박 중심의 항해에서 육상e-Navigation 센터가 적극적으로 관여하는 항해 체계로 바뀔 것이며, 해상정보의 공유와 활용이 무선 인터넷을 통해 보다 광범위하게 이루어질 것이 다.e-Navigation의 잠재적 시장 규모는 선박에 새로이 탑재될 지능형 통합 항법시스템 구축과 육상 모니터링 및 지원 시스템 등 직접 시장이 약 50조원,전자해도, 통신장비, 관련 서비스 컨텐츠 등 간접 시장의 규모가 150조원으로 총 200조원으로 대략 추산하고 있다. 향후 이 거대한 시장을 차지하기 위한 전략 수립이 필요한 시점이다. 지금까지 항해 장비 관련 산업은 선진국의일부 업체들에 의해 독점되어 왔다. 우리나라는 조선과 해운에서 모두 선진국임에도 불구하고 이 분야에서는 대부분 수입에 의존해 왔다. e-Navigation체계 하에서는 전체 시장이 커지고 장비의 사양이 표준화됨에 따라 어느 소수 업체가 현재처럼 독점하기는 더 이상 어려울 것으로 예상된다. 따라서e-Navigation은 우리나라도 항해 장비 분야 시장을 차지할 수 있는 좋은 기회라고 할 수 있다. 특히 조선 1위의 장점을 적극 활용한다면 다른 나라보다우위의 경쟁력을 확보할 수도 있다. 또한, 서비스 분야의 시장은 IT 기술과밀접한 관계가 있으므로 IT 강국인 우리나라가 충분한 경쟁력을 갖고 있다고 할 수 있다.그러나, EU를 비롯한 선진국에서는 이미 e-Navigation 에 대비한 연구를10여년 전부터 수행해 왔다. 앞에서 언급한 EU의 MarNIS 사업은 현재 거의마무리 단계로 당장 실용화 할 수 있는 수준에 있는 것으로 보인다. 늦었지만 우리도 이를 따라잡기 위한 연구를 서둘러야 할 것이다. 국내에서도e-Navigation의 중요성을 깊이 인식하고, 2006년에는 관련 산학연 전문가들로 작업반을 구성하여 워크숍 등을 개최한 바 있다. 또한 해양수산부에서도e-Navigation 핵심기술 개발을 위한 연구사업을 기획 추진하고 있다.그러나 현재 항해통신장비들의 기술기준은 ITU의 전파규칙(RR)과 IMO결의 및 SOLAS 협약을 따르고 있는데 이들 규약이나 결의에 대한 국제적인 추이와 비교할 때 국내의 기술은 표준화되지 못한 부분이 많은 실정이다.본 연구에서는 e-Navigation sytem중 표준화가 필요한 요소와 전자해도,AIS 등 e-Navigation(통합전자항법시스템)관련 국내산업현황 실태조사를 통해 국내 e-Navigation기술개발 동향에 대해 조사하고자 한다.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.393-400
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• 2012

Compositional changes of the Korean chestnut (Castanea crenata) including Daebo, Tsukuba, Tanzawa and Okkwang were investigated in order to characterize them from different periods (immature, mature and storage period). Proximate compositions of mature cultivars were higher than that of the immature cultivars. Between minerals, K (263.0-420.6 mg/100 g) and P (45.8-69.6 mg/100 g) of Tanzawa were highest, and they gradually increased during storage. Tsukuba, in mature period, showed the highest contents of total essential amino acids and glutamic acids as savory amino acids. Major fatty acids were palmitic acid and linolenic acid in four cultivars. In addition, linoleic acids, as ${\omega}$-6 fatty acids, were increased during the storage period. Tanzawa, in the mature period, presented the highest levels of sucrose, however, tsukuba, in the storage period, showed relatively higher free sugar content than others. ${\beta}$-Carotene, as a provitamin A, of Tsukuba in the mature period was highly detected among them, and vitamin C of Tsukuba and Tanzawa was more plentiful than others.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.67-75
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• 1987

The major objectives of this study were to find out the growth and yield of two ecotypes of Korean garlic in main garlic producing districts in Korea. The data were collected by the field survey which had been conducted at 270 township in 58 major garlic production countries throughout the country on 10th, 20th, and 30th day of every month from 1982 to 1984. The results of this study were as follow: 1) Sowing period of garlic of southern and northern ecotype were around September 20 and October 20, respectively. 2) Average number of plants per $3.3m^2$ of the southern and northern ecotype were 123 and 100, respectively. 3) Leaf emergence time of southern ecotype was before the beginning of winter (November) and that of northern ecotype was from early February till April. 4) Stepwise multiple regression analysis showed that the plant heights measured on November 30 for southern ecotype and on June 30 for northern ecotype most adequately predicted the yield of garlic. The relationship between yield and plant height were as follows: Southern ecotype; Y=571.56+5.34X Northern ecotype; Y=251.81+5.45X where Y is yield expressed in Kg/l0a and X is height in cm at the respective date. 5) The number of leaves increased until harvest in both ecotypes. At harvest, the number of leaves in southern and northern ecotype were 10 and 8, respectively. Number of leaves counted on January 20 for southern ecotype and on June 20 for northern ecotype correlated best with the yield of the ecotypes. 6) The highest senescent portion of southern ecotype and northern ecotype were seen on January 30 and May 30, respectively. Stepwise multiple regression analysis showed that the senescent portion of southern ecotype counted on January 30 and that of northern ecotype on June 20 mostly affected the yield. 7) Average yield of southern and northern ecotype at the main garlic producing districts were 771 and 652Kg/10a, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.82-86
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• 2009

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of various solvents on extraction of bioactive phenolics and to analyze the antioxidant capacity and contents of individual catechins in various grades of green teas organically grown in Boseong, Korea. The organic green teas, based on their harvest seasons, were categorized into five grades such as Woo-Jeon, Se-Jak, Jung-Jak, Dae-Jak, and coarse tea. Solvents used to extract phenolics from these teas included water at $23^{\circ}C$ and $70^{\circ}C$ as well as 80% (v/v) aqueous methanol and ethanol. In general, aqueous organic solvents of methanol and ethanol led to higher extraction yields of phenolics than water at $23^{\circ}C$ and $70^{\circ}C$. Total phenolics and antioxidant capacity of the teas extracted with the aqueous organic solvents were approximately 1.5 to 3.2 and 1.8 to 3.8 times higher than those with water at $23^{\circ}C$ and $70^{\circ}C$, respectively. Coarse tea, the lowest grade of green tea, showed approximately 30-60% lower total phenolics and antioxidant capacity compared with the higher grade ones. Reversed-phase HPLC analysis was performed quantitatively to identify individual catechins, gallic acid, and caffeine in teas extracted with 80% (v/v) aqueous methanol. Based on their dry weights, the organic green teas contained about 1.7 to 2.9% of caffeine. Content (mg/g dry weight) of tea catechins decreased in the following order: Woo-Jeon (155.4) > Se-Jak (147.7) > Jung-Jak (143.2) > coarse tea (135.1) > Dae-Jak (130.5). (-)-Epigallocatechin gallate was the most abundant among the catechins analyzed. The highest grade of green tea, Woo-Jeon, had the highest amount of (-)-epigallocatechin gallate at 77.4 mg/g dry weight. Overall, the higher grade of organic green teas tended to have the higher level of antioxidant capacity and catechins.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.38 no.5
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• pp.113-121
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• 2010

Shumi-sen(須彌山), built by Nohjagong(路子工) in the southern garden of the Palace Garden during the Asuka Period, is understood as being Sumeru based on an Indian perspective of the theory of the origin of universe. It is also viewed as Mt. Myogoh from a Chinese Buddhist worldview. It is thought to be a type of assembled stone structure with Poong-ryoon (風輪)-Su-ryoon(水輪)-Geum-ryoon(金輪)-Ji-ryoon(地輪) carved into each of the 4 stone pieces. These building shapes are thought to have been utilized as stone for exterior construction as opposed to those structures built during the Shilla Period of China and Korea. Aside from Nohjagong's record of Shumi-sen, most of the records from Japan's period of the time suggest that Shumi-sen was an important element that played a role in the scenery of the seasonal outdoor gardens. It is also thought, from the sentences and expressions surrounding the records, that a combination of the seasonal sceneries was utilized centered on Shumi-sen, and that they were all used during festival events. From a perspective of analysis and interpretation dependent on the limited literature and on observation, it cannot be verified whether the Mt. Sumeru Stone(須彌山石) excavated from the Stone God Ruins is the same Shumi-sen that Nohjagong built along with Okyo(吳橋), but it is thought that the 'Shumi-sen type stone structure' that was later built repeatedly as part of the palace garden facilities is identical to the Shumi-sen built at the Imperial Palace's southern garden, or at least a re-built structure based on the Shumi-sen that Nohjagong built with stones and ponds used to create the foundation. Thus, Shumi-sen that Nohjagong supposedly built along with Okyo is suspected to be a figurative rock arrangement and, at the same time, a miniaturized scenic rock arrangement(縮景樹石) that maximized the shape of Buddhism's Shumi-sen. On the other hand, the surface pattern on Mt. Sumeru Stone is very similar to the multi -layers of mountainous pattern icons expressed in the patterns of the Great Golden Incense Burner(百濟金銅大香爐) or Mountain-Water Scenery Sculptural Brick(山水山景紋?) that were built during the Baekjae pcriod aod the rear side of Hwalsuk-jebul Basal Byungipsang(滑石諸佛菩薩竝立像); it is suspected that similar patterns would have been used if patterns were made on Shumi-sen that Nohjagong built. Also in consideration of the physical theory of MI. Sumeru Stone, the Siphon theory of using a pressure difference in water level was applied to the fountain facilities of Mt. Sumeru Stone that seemed to have been built from the practical rock arrangement perspective for the purpose of feasts, etc.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.98-114
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• 2016

The this study aimed to expand urban heritage using Public Goods and to suggest the assemblage of urban heritage and urban spaces in order to improve landscape conservation and management scheme of urban heritage exposed to a rapidly changing urban environment. The results obtained in this study were summarized as follows: First, in order to improve understanding of the heritage in urban spaces, urban heritage were illustrated on a 1:1000 map with all the public facilities surrounding it using a cultural heritage conservation map listed on the Cultural Heritage Administration's web site, standards for changing present condition, and a topographic map. Second, the status and changes of urban heritage and surroundings were analyzed using the minutes of Historical Cultural Heritage Division Committee for 10 years from 2005 to 2014 to create a status map of urban heritage. Land uses surrounding the urban heritage were investigated the areas of conservation potential and the places that can enhance the to find out values of urban heritage. Also, a profile was created to examine the site characteristics surrounding urban heritage, and photos were taken at important heritage areas and public facilities in order to record the field. Third, analyzed were the relationship of the distance, location, function, and distribution between urban heritage and public facilities surrounding the heritage. using visual features and moving routes in order to identify their impacts on urban heritage and their functions as potential resources. In addition, the role of Public Goods in urban spaces and the plan for revitalizing surrounding areas asset were examined. Fourth, selections were made on Public Goods that have direct or indirect effects on urban heritage. The role of public asset was investigated through visual, areal, and linear elements. The results were summarized to suggest improvement landscape and management mauser on of urban heritage.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.77-98
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• 1998

In general, spatial imbalance in regional growth is a major cause of social and political conflicts within a state. In Korea, this inequality has functioned as a threat to the state's integration. With the economic development policies by regional industrialization over the past three decades, most of the industrial activities have been concentrated in Seoul and Pusan metropolitan areas, which are surrounded by Kyonggi, Kyongnam provinces respectively. Compared to these areas, Chonnam and Chonbuk provinces have lagged behind in economic development. Therefore, in order to increase the regional economic development of the southwestern region in Korea, the central government has been enforcing several policies aimed at regional industrialization since the 1980s. The purpose of this study focuses on the regional economic impacts of a newly established industrial estate-Yulchon industrial complex- which would act as a regional growth center in the Kwangyang bay area. The Kwangyang bay area consists of several industrial estates such as Kwangyang Iron and Steel Co. and its related industrial complex, Chuam rural industrial estate, Yeochon industrial complex, and so on. In addition, the Kwangyang container port was constructed in 1997. The Kwangyang bay area has been changing to a new industrial district in the southwestern part of Korea as a result of industrialization policies which were activated by central government. The Yulchon industrial complex, which is expected to be completed in 2001, would draw many manufacturing plants. For example, Hyundai Motors Co. has a plan to locate a new automobile assembly plant within the estate. As the plan has high probability to be realized, it will be interesting to study the effects a new automobile assembly plant and its related production linkages have on the region. This study is to estimate the expected structural characteristics of automobile production activities in Yulchon. The following details will be discussed: the regional economic impacts of a new automobile industry in Yulchon industrial complex, the production linkage formation via hierarchical subcontracting systems, the alternative strategies to promote the growth of regional economies, and the scheme to improve the auto-parts and components industry in Kwangju and Chonnam provinces by establishing auto-mobile production function. Automoblie industry generally gives great influences on not only regional economies but the related industries, for example, the firms producing automotive components. If a new plant producing automobiles and its related firms producing components are to be established in Yulchon, they will affect on the regional development directions and change the regional characteristics of industrial structure. In order to increase the spread effects of the new industry in Yulchon industrial complex, almost all of the automobile production processes must be organized concurrently within a limited range of distance. There is an imperative that the co-operation system should be structured between the assembly firm and many firms producing its components. In addition to those, it would be required such as the effective division of labors between the firms, much more capabilities in the technical innovations, and the reconstruction of interrelationship between the labor unions and the firms' managers.