• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.25-34
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• 2001

송전철탑의 기초로써 락앵커는 바람에 의해 반복적인 하중을 받고 있다. 반복하중은 락앵커의 인발 지지력 감소와 누적변위의 증가를 유발할 수 있다. 그러므로 송전철탑의 락앵커 설계시 세심한 주의가 요구된다. 본 논문에서는 세 가지 암반형태에 시공된 모형 락앵커에 대하여 반복하중 시험을 수행한 결과들을 제시하였다. 시험결과에 의하면 정적 극한하중의 50%보다 작은 최대 반복하중(Q$_{max}$)이 락앵커에 작용할 경우, 락앵커의 지지력에 대하여 반복하중의 영향이 없다. 최대 반복하중이 정적 극한하중의 50%에서 75%로 작용할 경우 누적변위의 증가를 유발하고, 정적 극한하중의 75%이상인 경우 락앵커의 지지력에 심각한 영향을 미친다. 따라서 정적 극한하중의 50% 이상의 반복하중을 받는 락앵커는 불안정하다.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.16 no.2 s.61
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• pp.146-155
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• 2006

The target slope of this study, formed during the construction of highway, is the very high infinite slope where sliding began along the discontinuity. Although an attempt was made to stabilize the upper part of the slope by installing the rock anchors, large scale failure was occurred at the lower part if the reinforced area. Afterwards, subsequent failures were observed two times. To investigate the cause of the failure, residual shear strength was measured by performing the direct shear test of rock specimen of the site. The anchor design was based on the pull-out test. Considering the slope surface where the undulation was severe and the variation of strength was very large, buttressing was used to obtain the required anchoring capacity.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.123-135
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• 2006

Most of all, large spatial span structures are the symbol of cities but have to get to supply the purpose of structure simultaneously, therefore their foundations are designed to get rolls of structure support, structure shape maintenance or overturn prevention, buoyancy resistance, etc. Accordingly various type foundations have been introduced, and after anchorage power is introduced for double structures shape maintenance and overturn prevention, change of anchorage power checked in the construction process is reviewed, comparing of playground case. Case1 anchors for the control of horizontal power worked outside hemisphere type roof, Case2 anchors for the overturn prevention of cantilever roof examined in this example. The examination has been executed by the analysis of anchorage power introduction process, related test results and anchorage power monitoring results for 2 examples.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.79-86
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• 2009

With the substantial increase of the size of structure, the management of excavation becomes more difficult. Therefore, massive collapses which are related to retaining wall recently increase. However, since the study on measuring and monitoring the pre-stressing force of anchor is insufficient, behavior of anchor may not be predicted and monitored appropriately by the existing strain gauge and load cell type monitoring system. FBG Sensor, which is smaller than strain gauge and has better durability and does not have a noise from electromagnetic waves, is adapted to measure the strain and pre-stressing force of 7-wire strand, so called smart tendon. A series of pullout tests were performed to verify the feasibility of smart tendon and find out the load transfer mechanism around the steel wire tendon fixed to rock with grout. Distribution of measured strains and estimated shear stresses are compared with those predicted by theoretical solutions. It was found that developed smart tendon can be used effectively for measuring strain of 7-wire strand anchor and theoretical solutions underestimate the magnitude of shear stress and load transfer depth.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2009.03a
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• pp.1147-1153
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• 2009

The failure modes of rock anchors subjected to tension can be defined as follows: tensile failure of tendon, shear failure on tendon-grout interface, shear failure on grout-rock interface and tensile failure of rock. This study proposes a design method to induce the rock anchor systems to avoid the brittle failure by ensuring the minimum embedded length of rock anchors. Pull-out test results of full-scale rock anchors show that the proposed method is effective in predicting the design conditions expecting the ductile tendon failure.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2009.09a
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• pp.745-751
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• 2009

The anchor is used extensively for a cutting slope, an earth retaining wall, an uplift resistance of sub-structures and so on at civil engineering projects and is classified by aim in use, tendon material, and ground/tension fixing type. It can be distinguished extensively into friction type, bearing type, and complex type by ground fixing type. Generally, bond length of friction type anchor has application to 3~10m depending on the friction-resistance characteristics. In this study, 'DEW(double enlargement wedge) bearing type anchor' of new concept is devised. The bond length is about 0.6~0.8m. It can be used on the ground to have the strength characteristics above it of weathered rock. There are merits which are 'period reduction' and 'cost saving' through the minimum of the boring length. In addition, it is so called environmentally friendly Methods because it can reduce the quantity of carbon dioxide through the reducing drilling machine operation time.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.115-129
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• 2015

The cut-slope of a large-sectional tunnel portal is recognized as a potential area of weakness due to unstable stress distribution and possible permanent displacement. This paper presents a case study of a slope failure and remediation for a large-scale cut-slope at a tunnel portal. Extensive rock-slope brittle failure occurred along discontinuities in the rock mass after 46 mm of rainfall, which caused instability of the upper part of the cut-slope. Based on a geological survey and face mapping, the reason for failure is believed to be the presence of thin clay fill in discontinuities in the weathered rock mass and consequent saturationinduced joint weakening. The granite-gneiss rock mass has a high content of alkali-feldspar, indicating a vulnerability to weathering. Immediately before the slope failure, a sharp increase in displacement rate was indicated by settlement-time histories, and this observation can contribute to the safety management criteria for slope stability. In this case study, emergency remediation was performed to prevent further hazard and to facilitate reconstruction, and counterweight fill and concrete filling of voids were successfully applied. For ultimate remediation, the grid anchor-blocks were used for slope stabilization, and additional rock bolts and grouting were applied inside the tunnel. Limit-equilibrium slope stability analysis and analyses of strereographic projections confirmed the instability of the original slope and the effectiveness of reinforcing methods. After the application of reinforcing measures, instrumental monitoring indicated that the slope and the tunnel remained stable. This case study is expected to serve as a valuable reference for similar engineering cases of large-sectional slope stability.