• Journal of agriculture & life science
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.141-151
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• 2012

This study was conducted to investigate the antioxidation and biological activities of 5 kinds of specialized crops (asparagus, aloe, curcumin, backnyuncho and garlic) cultivated in Namhae. All crops were freeze dried and then extracted with 10 folds of $60^{\circ}C$ hot-water, for 8 hours. Collected twice extracted water extract were also freeze dried. Dried extract samples were diluted with deionized water for examination. The total phenolics content was the highest observed in asparagus extract to $23.79{\pm}0.33mg/g$ and total flavonoids of aloe extract was the highest content $17.10{\pm}0.05mg/g$. In all samples, DPPH, ABTs and NO radical scavenging activity were depends on the concentration of the extract tended to increase. ABTs radical scavenging activity was the highest conducted $96.10{\pm}0.06%$ effect examined at $2,000{\mu}g/mL$ in asparagus hot-water extract. NO radical scavenging activity of hot-water extract from curcumin was the highest $250{\mu}g/mL$ concentration observed in $45.04{\pm}1.39%$. In all sample, tyrosinase activity was significantly inhibited with increasing of hot-water extract concentration. As a result, ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibition activity was the highest in hot-water extract from backnyuncho on $31.38{\pm}0.94%$ at $250{\mu}g/mL$.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.387-392
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• 2016

The antioxidant activities of brownish natural dyeing agents, extracted from seven kinds of plants, were tested. Total polyphenol content, DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities, and singlet oxygen quenching effect were determined for hot water extracts and floral waters of plants. DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activites increased with increasing amounts of the extracts from Uncaria gambir R. and Terminalia chebula R. displayed remarkable scavenging effects at concentrations below 0.1 mg/mL, in comparison with the positive control, ascorbic acid. However, antioxidant effects of the floral water, obtained from steam distillation of tested plants, were inefficient at concentration below 0.2 mg/mL. In particular, the natural dyeing agent effectively suppressed singlet oxygen induced by photosensitizer in in vitro assay systems. The concentrations ($IC_{50}$) required to exert 50% of singlet oxygen were 120 and $190{\mu}g/mL$ for hot water extracts from Uncaria gambir R. and Phellinus linteus, respectively. Among all the tested samples, the Uncaria gambir R. and Phellinus linteus extracts contained higher amount of total phenolic contents. The results suggest that naturally occurring dyeing agents are beneficial as natural antioxidants, encouraging further extensive studies.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.275-280
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• 2015

Among the naturally occurring antioxidants, polyphenols are widely distributed in various fruits, vegetables, wines, juices, and plant-based dietary sources and divided into several subclasses that included phenolic acid, flavonoids, stilbenes, and lignans. As part of our continuing search for bioactive food ingredients, the antioxidant and ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibitory activities of the aqueous ethanolic extract from the aerial parts of Ainsliaea acerifolia were investigated in vitro. The antioxidant properties were evaluated via radical scavenging assays using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) ($ABTS^+$) radicals. In addition, the anti-diabetic effect of A. acerifolia extracts was tested via ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibitory assay. Furthermore, the total phenolic contents were determined using a spectrophotometric method. All the tested samples showed dose-dependent radical scavenging and ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibitory activities. In particularly, the ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibitory and radical scavenging properties of the ethyl acetate (EtOAc)-soluble portion from the aerial parts of the A. acerifolia were higher than those of the other solvent-soluble portions. These results suggest that A. acerifolia could be considered a new potential source of natural antioxidants and antidiabetic ingredients. More systematic investigation of the aerial parts of A. acerifolia will be performed for the further development of anti-oxidative and antidiabetic drugs.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.477-488
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• 2018

This study examined the total phenolic and flavonoid compounds, and the antioxi dant activity of major cultivars of Prunus mume in Korea. The total phenolic content ranged from 64.13 to $93.43mg{\cdot}100g^{-1}$, with the content in 'Osuku' being higher than that in the other cultivars; a difference in the content among cultivars was observed. The total flavonoid content was $6.16{\sim}18.57mg{\cdot}100g^{-1}$, showing a significant difference, with the highest content being noted in 'Gojirou'. The DPPH radical scavenging activity was measured and was relatively high for Nanko, Kamakami, Natsuka, Dana, and Osuku cultivars. When ABTS radical scavenging activity was measured, all the cultivars showed a scavenging activity over 80%, with the scavenging activity of 'Osuku' being the highest. With respect to nitrite scavenging ability, all cultivars exhibited a high scavenging activity of over 50%, with the highest activity observed for 'Nanko' (76.03%), 'Gojirou' (70.56%), and 'Yourou' (70.32%). Based on the study results, it is considered that Prunus mume can be a useful resource because of various substances with functional physiological activities.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.379-386
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• 2012

This study was conducted to compare and analyze change of content of polyphenol and p-hydroxybenzyl alcohol (HBA), which is an index-component, and antioxidant activity between fermented Gastrodia elata Blume and non-fermented G. elata Blume. The polyphenol contents before and after the fermentation were 108.65 and 389.99 mg/mL respectively, and the content of index-component HBA increased from 2.46 mg/g before fermentation to 7.94 mg/g after fermentation. In comparison between the non-fermented G. elata Blume extract (NFGE) and fermented G. elata Blume extract (FGE) in DPPH, ABTS, and superoxide radical scavenging assay, we found that FGE showed more activity than NFGE as the extract was more concentrated. Especially, the superoxide radical scavenging activity was increased more than twenty times in FGE. In conclusion, we confirmed increase in the electron donating ability and radical scavenging when the dried G. elata Blume is fermented, and its further feasibility as an antioxidant.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.43 no.12
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• pp.1808-1816
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• 2014

The aim of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant activities and anti-inflammatory effects of water and ethanolic extracts from Allium hookeri roots and leaves. Antioxidant activities of Allium hookeri extracts were determined based on various radical scavenging activities using an ESR spectrophotometer, ferric reducing antioxidant power, 2,2'-azinobis-(3-ethybenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radical scavenging activity, and oxygen radical absorbance capacity assays. In addition, we investigated anti-inflammatory effects of Allium hookeri extract on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation in RAW264.7 cells. We also explored the effects of extract from Allium hookeri root on suppression of pro-inflammatory mediators such as nitric oxide (NO) and pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6 and TNF-${\alpha}$ against LPS-induced activation of RAW264.7 cells. Our results demonstrated superior antioxidant activity for leaf extract of Allium hookeri compared to extract from root of Allium hookeri. On the other hand, root extract of Allium hookeri showed better anti-inflammatory activity compared to leaf extract. Our study suggests that Allium hookeri extract exhibits strong antioxidant activity and anti-inflammatory effects and can be developed as a potential therapeutic candidate for diseases involving oxidative stress and inflammation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.43 no.12
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• pp.1937-1941
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• 2014

The effects of Tabebuia avellanedae (Taheebo) on exercise endurance capacity were investigated using mice in an adjustable-current water pool. Compared to the control group, a 1.8~2.0 fold increase in swimming time was observed in mice administered hot water extract (TAW) and 80% ethanol extract (TAE) of inner bark from T. avellanedae. Blood lactate level, an important fatigue relevance factor, was significantly lower in the TAW and TAE groups than in the control group. The total phenolic contents of TAW and TAE were $93.3{\pm}1.6$ and $115.7{\pm}1.5mgGAE/g$, respectively. The levels of flavonoids in the extracts were $77.3{\pm}1.3$ and $95.9{\pm}1.7mgCE/g$, respectively. Higher antioxidant activities of TAE were observed in each assay at the same concentration as compared to TAW. Correlation between antioxidant activities of TAE with total polyphenol contents was observed. These results suggest that extracts of Taheebo increase exercise endurance capacity by elevating antioxidative potentials.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.230-236
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• 2007

This study was conducted to investigate the contents of the total phenolic compounds, and DPPH, ABTS radical scavenging activities of phenolic acid fractions of ginseng according to steaming times. Also the individual phenolic acid compositions and contents were analyzed by GC. The contents of the total phenolic compounds proportionally increased from 0.530 to 2.893% according to steaming times. Phenolic acid fractions were separated according to bound types, and the insoluble bound form fraction showed the highest contents followed by ester form fraction and free form fraction. The total contents of these three fractions (1.031-1.416%) were not significantly influenced by steaming times. Salicylic, cinamic, p-hydroxybenzoic, gentisic, vanillic, syringic, caffeic, ferolic acid were found in each fraction, and gentisic and ferolic acid were the major phenolic acid. Each phenolic acid fraction showed over 50% of DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities. There were no differences between the phenolic acid fractions according to binding types. Free radical scavenging activities were affected by a number of steaming times and augmented as steaming times increased.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.231-238
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• 2019

This study evaluated the antioxidant activity of the extract and fractions of Alnus firma. Alnus firma had the highest total phenolic content ($452.80{\pm}7.01{\mu}g$ gallic acid equivalents/mg) in a methanol (MeOH) fraction and the highest total flavonoid content ($112.29{\pm}11.14{\mu}g$ rutin equivalents/mg) and antioxidant capacity ($936.23{\pm}0.07{\mu}g$ ${\alpha}$-tocopherol equivalents/mg) in an ethylacetate (EA) fraction. The antioxidant activities of various solvent extract fractions of Alnus firma were evaluated using various antioxidant assays, including ${\beta}$-carotene-linoleate assay, reducing power assay, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay, metal chelating activity assay, superoxide anion radical scavenging assay, and lipid peroxidation inhibition assay using the ferric thiocyanate method. These activities were compared with those of ascorbic acid, butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), gallic acid (GA), butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), and ${\alpha}$-tocopherol. First, at a $250{\mu}g/ml$ concentration, the EA and MeOH fractions of A. firma showed 92.43% and 89.20% DPPH radical scavenging activity, respectively. Second, $50{\mu}g/ml$ of the EA fraction exhibited 72.49% superoxide anion radical scavenging activity, a little greater than the same dose of GA (60.88%). Finally, 0.5 and 1 mg/ml of the EA fraction showed 73.45% and 73.29% inhibition of peroxidation in the ${\beta}$-carotene-linoleic acid system, respectively. The decreasing order of reducing power was EA fraction > n-butanol (BuOH) fraction > dichloromethane (DCM) fraction > n-hexane (HX) fraction. The results obtained in the present study indicated that Alnus firma can be used as an easily accessible potential source of natural antioxidants.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.188-193
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• 2016

This study was conducted to investigate the antioxidant activities of 70% ethanol extracts from different parts (root, stem, and leaf) of Epimedium koreanum Nakai. Ethanol extracts from the three parts of Epimedium koreanum Nakai were assessed for total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging activity, myoglobin protective ratio, and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP). Root part showed the highest total phenolic content ($2.468{\pm}0.017mg$ chlorogenic acid equivalent/g) and total flavonoid content ($2.071{\pm}0.002mg$ quercetin equivalent/g). Leaf part showed the strongest radical scavenging activities (DPPH radical; 80%, myoglobin protective ratio; 90% and FRAP; 98.7% at 20 mg/mL). Root part showed the highest ABTS radical scavenging at 1 mg/mL. Therefore, the results of the antioxidant activity test were correlated with total phenolic and flavonoid content values. Thus, Epimedium koreanum Nakai has great potential as a natural source for human health.