• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.311-317
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• 2004

This study was designed to investigate the effect of Korean traditional tea materials on lead (Pb) accumulation and histological changes in Pb-administered rats. Male rats were divided into six groups: a normal, Pb, and Pb-water extract of Korean traditional tea materials (green tea: GT, persimmon leaf: PL, safflower seed: SS, Eucommia ulmoides: EU) groups. Pb (25 mg/kg BW) was orally administered once a day for 4 weeks. The extract of GT, PL, SS, and EU were administered based on 1.26 g of raw traditional tea materials/kg Bw/day. Pb contents of serum and liver were significantly higher in the Pb group than in the normal group. However the water extracts of GT, PL, SS, and EU administration lowered Pb contents of serum and liver in the Pb-administered rats, respectively. Serum Zn content was significantly higher in the Pb group than in the normal group, whereas, Cu and Fe contents were lower in the Pb group. Hepatic Ca content was significantly lower in the Pb group compared to the normal group. In the present study, water extract of Korean traditional tea materials administration effectively improved Cu and Fe contents of serum and liver. Infiltration of the local inflammation was found in Pb group, whereas water extracts of Korean traditional tea materials administration attenuated histological changes of tissues.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.74-80
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• 1993

Survey on the status of cultivation and production of medicinal crop was studied on 18 medicinal herbs and 5 medicinal trees in 66 major crop producing complexes. Native seeds or seedlings of the crops obtained from self-seed or neighbored farmer were cultivated and organic fertilizer was preferred to chemical fertilizer in the complexes. More than 60.7% of farmers were applied compost among the organic fertilizers, while 34.8% of them cultivated without any organic fertilizers. Both of using the compound chemical fertilizers and urea and urea only used were showed 51. 5% and 40.9%, respectively. Ostericum koreanum, Angelica gigas, Phellopterus littoralis, and Bupleurum fulcatum belonging to the family Umbeliferae and Aralia continentalis, Polygonatum sibiricum and Eucommia ulmoides in the complexex were not damaged by insect pests and plant diseases. Mite, aphid, grub, cutworm, onion magot fly and european corn borer were known to as major insect pests and anthracnose, powdery mildew, brown leaf spot, leaf blight and root rot as major plant diseases. Productivity and income of a farm by medicinal crops in the complex were greatly different from seeding time, planting distance, year yielded, and selling routes even in the same cultivation method and in the same cultivated area.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.61 no.2
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• pp.119-124
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• 2018

In vitro anticancer and antioxidant effects of acetone extract from leaves of Eucommia ulmoides Oliver were investigated. The extraction yield and total phenolic content of the acetone extract were $1.13{\pm}0.033%$ (w/w) and $36.7{\pm}1.96mg$ gallic acid equivalents/g-extract, respectively. $GI_{50}$ values of the acetone extract for human non-small cell lung cancer cells (A549), human colon cancer cells (SNU-C4), human cervical cancer cells (HeLa), and human embryonic lung epithelial cell (L132) were 53.4, 53.8, 88.3, and $153.9{\mu}g/mL$, respectively. The acetone extract effectively inhibited the proliferation of human non-small cell lung cancer (A549) and colon cancer (SNU-C4) cells in a concentration-dependent manner, but was less cytotoxic with human normal cells (L132). $EC_{50}$ values of the acetone extract for free radical scavenging, reducing power, and lipid peroxidation inhibition were about 2,000, 275.8, and $257.9{\mu}g/mL$, respectively. The acetone extract showed a potent reducing power and lipid peroxidation inhibitory activity in a concentration-dependent manner.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.248-257
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• 2003

The objective of this experiment was to search plant species with herbicidal activity in Korea. Two hundred native plants were collected and their methanol extracts were obtained. Herbicidal activity of methanol extracts were determined by seed bioassay using canola (Brassica napus L.) seedlings. Six plants such as Staphylea bumalda, Wistaria floribunda, Allium victorialis, Rumex crispus, Chionanthus retusa, and Ulmus parvifolia were highly herbicidal: their $GR_{50}$ values were < $1,000{\mu}g\;g^{-1}$. In addition, seventeen plants such as Galium spurium, Zelkova serrata, Campsis grandiflora, Eucommia ulmoides, Sorbus commixta, Deutzia glabrata, Cercis chinensis, Alnus hirsuta, Zanthoxylum schinifolium, Quercus acutissima, Robinia pseudoacacia, Gleditsia japonica, Kerria japonica, Ligustrum obtusifolium, Thuja orientalis, Chamaecyparis obtusa, and Pulsatilla koreana showed herbicidal activity: their $GR_{50}$ values were between 1,000 and $2,000{\mu}g\;g^{-1}$. However, 177 plants showed no herbicidal activity. Plants with herbicidal activity found in this study could be used for weed management and herbicidal compounds in such herbicidal plants could be used as lead compounds in the development of new herbicides.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.282-288
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• 2003

For the screening of anti-inflammation and antioxidative activities, ethanolic extract of 40 species of traditional herbal medicines were examined their hyaluronidase inhibitory effect and radical scavenging activity in vitro. From the result of the hyaluronidase inhibitory activity using a Morgan-Elson assay, Astragali Radix, Eucommia Cortex, Schizandrae Fructus, Scutellaria Radix, Acanthopanacis Cortex, Chaenomelis Fructus, Amomum xanthioides Wallich and Moutan Radicis Cortex showed more than 50% hyaluronidase inhibitory effects at the concentration of 10 mg/mL. In the various solvent fractions (n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, water) prepared from ethanolic extracts, the ethyl acetate fraction of all extracts tested showed strong activity. Antioxidative activity was evaluated by assaying electron-donating ability to DPPH free radical and scavenging of hydroxyl radical (ㆍOH) generated through Fenton reaction, respectively. Rubus coreanus Miq, Moutan Radicis Cortex, Paeoniae Radix Alba, Plantaginis Semen and Sorbus commixta Hedl. showed high activity more than 90%, yet similar activity to $\alpha$-tocopherol and BHA at the concentration of 1 mg/mL in electron donating activity. The scavenging effects of ethanolic extracts on hydroxyl radical were investigated using a 2-deoxyribose oxidation method and tested all extracts showed significant radical scavenging activity. The experiment was also performed to examine whether herbal medicines having significant lipid peroxidation inhibitory activity, Schizandrae-Fructus is the strongest inhibitory activity in both linoleic acid and liposome peroxidation.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.51 no.2
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• pp.141-148
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• 2012

An outbreak of Ricania sp. occurred in the Kurye, Jeonnam area in 2011. This outbreak damaged many kinds of fruit trees such as Cornus, Persimmon and Chestnut. This experiment was conducted to survey the occurrence ecology of Ricania sp. such as host plants, oviposition characters, morphological characters and life cycle, as well as to select environmental friendly control agents. Ricaina sp. host plants included 51 species such as 32 xylophytes, and 19 herbaceous plants. Ricaina sp. preferred Cornus officinalis, Diospyros kaki, Castanea crenata, Eucommia ulmoides, Styrax japonicus for oviposition. Adults laid eggs on new inner twigs with 28.8 eggs per egg-mass. Egg size was 1.24 mm(length), 0.55 mm(width) in an oval shape. Nymphs molted four times. Every nymph stage had an x shape of yellow or white beeswax around the anus. Overwintered eggs of Ricania sp. hatched from the mid May to early June. Nymphal periods were from mid May to mid August and adults appeared from mid July but spawning began in mid August. Ricania sp. damaged new twigs by oviposition and retarded growth by sucking nutrients and producing a sooty mold. Sophora and natural plant extracts were effective environmentally friendly agricultural materials used to control the nymph and adult Ricania sp. Mortality was > 80%.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.95-100
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• 2000

The effect of natural foods, utilizing the extracts or juices of teas(Green tea; Camellia sinesis, Du'chung; Eucommia ulmoides Oliver), medicinal plants(Eu sung cho; Houttuynia cordata Thunb, Sam back cho; Saurus Chinensis, Baek hwa sa seal cho; Oldenladia diffusa Roxb.) seaweeds(Laver; Porphyra tenera, Sea mustard; Undaria pinnatifida, Sea staghorn; Condium fragile) and vegetables(Sweet pepper; Capsicum annuum var. angulosum, Kale; Brassia oleracea var.. acephala, Cucumber; Cucumis sativus, Onion; Allium cepa) and fruits(Tomato; Lycopericon esculentum, Maesil; Prunus mume, Plum; Prunus saticina and Grape; Vitis spp.)on the inhibition of N-Nitrosodimethylamine(NDMA) formation was investigated from the various conditions. The inhibition effect was observed in vitro using the reaction fluids of pH 1.2, 4.2 and 6.0. From the teas and medicinal plants, there was a positive response of NDMA formation; however, From the seaweed extracts, there was a negative response of the inhibition effect of NDMA formation, and as the pH of reaction fluids and the amount of materials increase, the inhibition of NDMA formation was strengthened. The inhibition ratios by the level of pH are as follows: under pH 1.2 vegetable juice were 57.6∼99.7% and fruits were 35.9∼99.7%; under pH 4.2 vegetable juice were 55.0∼97.5% and fruits were 21.3∼96.8%. All of the materials observed has been proved and shown the inhibition effect of NDMA formation.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.6-10
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• 2005

Lateral roots of soybean sprouts should deeply affect their quality and marketability. The study was done to compare the effects of ocher, chitosan, corn kennel, tea (Thea sinensis L.) and hard rubber tree (Eucommia ulmoides Oliver) leaf extracts on lateral root formation, growth and morphological characters of the sprouts. Seeds of three cultivars, Pungsannamulkong, Sowonkong and Junjery, were imbibed for 5 hours into their 10% solutions and cultured for 6 days. The cultured sprouts were classified into 4 categories to calculate their composition rates on the base of hypocotyl lengths;>7 cm (A), 4 to 7 cm (B), < 4 cm (C) and not germinated (D), and their morphological characters, fresh and dry weights were measured. Composition rate of A was the lowest in Junjery of the three cultivars, while that of C showed reverse result compared to A. This results was the most distinct in hard rubber tree leaf extracts (HRTLE) of the five treatments. In HRTLE treatment, lateral root formation rate were formed in almost of Sowonkong although reduced in order of Pungsannamulkong and Junjery. However, there was no significant difference between the other treatments. Lateral roots per sprout were the lowest in HRTLE treatment of the 5 treatments. In all treatments except the chitosan treatment, the roots were most formed in Sowonkong but least in Junjery. Sprout length adding hypocotyl and root was the shortest in Junjery compared to the other two cultivars. and was the longest in tea leaf extract treatment but the shortest in HRTLE treatment. The result in total fresh weight of sprouts was similar to that of the sprout length.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.678-682
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• 2007

Effects of medicinal herbs on the improvement of muscular strength along with the related fatigue factors were evaluated in SD rats. Nine types of treatment groups were fed diets supplemented with 1% herb hot-water extracts (Liriope spicata (LS), Schizandra chinensis (SC), Acanthopanax sessiliflorus (AS), Saliconia herbacea (SH), Eucommia ulmoides (EU), Lycium chinensis (LC), Panax ginseng (red ginseng) (PG), Polygonum multifloum (PM), Glycyrrhizae uralensis (GU)) for 4 weeks. The muscular strength of all groups were measured weekly for 4 weeks. After 4 weeks serum was collected and liver dissected out for the analysis of glycogen and fatigue factors. The liver glycogen contents of all treatment groups ($21.0{\sim}25.9mg/g$) were higher than that of control group (18.1 mg/g). A significantly increase of muscular strength in the fourth week were found in the AS (282.5 gf), SH (277.4 gf), PG (287.2 gf) groups (p<0.05). LS (7.88 mg/dL), SC (7.85 mg/dL), AS (7.64 mg/dL), EU (7.54 mg/dL), LC (7.81 mg/dL) and PG (7.75 mg/dL) groups were significantly reduced in serum inorganic phosphorus concentration measured after 4 weeks (p<0.05). Serum lactate levels of treatment groups ($8.61{\sim}12.18{\mu}g/dL$) were significantly lower than that of control group ($17.45{\mu}g/dL$). These results suggest that medicinal herbs enhanced muscular strength of rats by delaying accumulation of muscular fatigue factor.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.37-43
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• 2000

Protective effect of medicinal plant extracts against oxidative stress were screened in this study. Methanol extracts from 48 medicinal plants, which were reported to have antioxidative or anti-inflammtory effect were prepared and screened for their protective activity against chemically-Induced and radiation-induced oxidative stress by using MTT assay. Thirty three samples showed protective activity against chemically-induced oxidative stress in various extent Among those samples, extract of Glycyrrhiza uralensis revealed the strongest activity (25.9% at $100{\mu}g/m{\ell}$) with relatively lower cytotoxicity. Seven other samples showed higher than 20% protection at $100{\mg}g/m{\ell}$. These samples were tested for protection activity against radiation-induced oxidative stress. Methanol extract of Alpina officinarum show the highest activity (17.8% at $20{\mu}g/m{\ell}$). Five fractions were prepared from the each 10 methanol extracts which showed high protective activity against oxidative stress. Among those fraction samples butanol fractions of Areca catechu var. dulcissima and Spirodela polyrrhiza showed the highest protective activities (78.8% and 77.2%, respectively, at $20{\mu}g/m{\ell}$).