• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.52 no.1
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• pp.1-17
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• 2020

Three-dimensional microscopic approaches in histopathology display multiplex properties that present puzzling questions for specimens as related to their comprehensive volumetric information. This information includes spatial distribution of molecules, three-dimensional co-localization, structural formation and whole data set that cannot be determined by two-dimensional section slides due to the inevitable loss of spatial information. Advancement of optical instruments such as two-photon microscopy and high performance objectives with motorized correction collars have narrowed the gap between optical theories and the actual reality of deep tissue imaging. However, the benefits gained by a prolonged working distance, two-photon laser and optimized beam alignment are inevitably diminished because of the light scattering phenomenon that is deeply related to the refractive index mismatch between each cellular component and the surrounding medium. From the first approaches with simple crude refractive index matching techniques to the recent cutting-edge integrated tissue clearing methods, an achievement of transparency without morphological denaturation and eradication of natural and fixation-induced nonspecific autofluorescence out of real signal are key factors to determine the perfection of tissue clearing and the immunofluorescent staining for high contrast images. When performing integrated laboratory workflow of tissue for processing frozen and formalin-fixed tissues, clear lipid-exchanged acrylamide-hybridized rigid imaging/immunostaining/in situ hybridization-compatible tissue hydrogel (CLARITY), an equipment-based tissue clearing method, is compatible with routine procedures in a histopathology laboratory.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.51-55
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• 2012

The objective of this study was to investigate the motility and kinematics of boar sperm that while stored at 4C. The samples of fresh boar semen were place into an extender, Androhep, and stored at $4^{\circ}C$. In three of these samples, cryoprotectants were added. The sperm's motilities and kinematics were evaluated by using microscope (${\times}400$) and the viability status was evaluated by using with eosin staining method. The 5 sample groups are; Goup A:Androhep (extender), stored at $17^{\circ}C$. Group B:Androhep (extender), stored at $4^{\circ}C$. Group C:Androhep (extender), + 3% glycerol (cryoprotectant), stored at $4^{\circ}C$. Group D:Androhep (extender), + 3% DMSO (cryoprotectant), stored at $4^{\circ}C$. Group E:Androhep (extender), + 3% ethylene glycol (cryoprotectant), stored at $4^{\circ}C$. In group A, the sperm's motility was reduced. On day one the sperm's motility was ($85.7{\pm}2.3$) and day 5 the motility was ($43.9{\pm}3.3$). In group B, C and D the sperm's motility were reduced to 0 on day 5. In group E the sperm's percentage of motility decreased. On day one the sperm's motility was ($42.0{\pm}0.5$) and day 5 the motility was ($2.3{\pm}0.3$). When comparing cryoprotectant in samples of boar sperm there is a slight improvement in the results when the use of Androhep Lite (extender), + 3% ethylene glycol (cryoprotectant), stored at $4^{\circ}C$ are used. Based on these results, ethylene glycol can protect sperm from heat shock at $4^{\circ}C$, but not satisfactory level. However, it showed the possibilities of liquid semen preservation at $4^{\circ}C$ by using cryoprotectant.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.353-367
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• 2015

The goal of this study is to analyze the feedback structure of habitat changes of the Whooper Swan in Eulsukdo using system thinking to suggest a management plan for ecosystem health. Using the causal loop diagrams of population changes between Whooper Swan and other bird species in Eulsukdo, we found that the environmental changes in the roosting and foraging area affect the Whooper Swan's population. The causal loop diagrams of the Whooper Swan's roosting area indicated that the environmental changes (e.g., water level, noise, bird watching, and other experience activities) may influence their population density variation. In addition, the casual loop diagrams of the Whooper Swan's foraging area showed that the Whooper Swan's population was affected by various variables that included area factors such as surface area of freshwater, frozen water, salinity, and density of Scirpus planiculmis. Furthermore, through the integrated causal loop diagram, cumulative discharge of Nakdong estuary weir and building activities were identified as the variables that affect the population of the Whooper Swan. Thus, we selected this area as the strategic point to establish a management plan for the Whooper Swan's habitat. The results of this study will help in decision making of a long-term management plan for sustaining the environmental health of the ecosystem in Eulsukdo.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.213-217
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• 2001

In order to develop a new separation technology, supercritical fluid extraction process was used to produce high purity pigments and fatty acids from seaweed (Undaria pinnatifida). Supercritical carbon dioxide was used as a solvent and ethanol as an entrainer. The sample was treated by a frozen drier and experiments were conducted with a semi-batch flow system at various operating conditions (pressure range, $10.3\~17.2$ MPa; temperature range, $30\~45^{\circ}C$: particle size, $500\~1,000{\mu}m$ extraction time, 60 min). Characteristics of the recovered pigment (chlorophyll a) and fatty acids were determined by UV-spectrophotometry and gas chromatography, respectively. The highest extraction efficiency for fatty acids and pigments was achieved at 12.4 MPa, $35^{\circ}C$, $500{\mu}m$of seaweed size.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.1246-1252
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• 2001

A feeding experiment was conducted on rats to investigate the inhibitive effects of baik-kimchi against the toxicity of Amaranth (Am, Food Red No.2) on growth, fecal weights and bulk, and the digestibility of protein and lipid. The body weight of the Am diet group (5% Amaranth) remained at the lowest level of all diet groups, because of diarrhea symptoms throughout the feeding period, 229.8 g of total body weight or 79.4% of the basal diet group (289.4 g). However, in the baik-kimchi diet group (10% baik-kimchi powder+5% Amaranth) no diarrhea symptoms were evident and total body weight remained at a similar level (280.3 g) to the basal diet group. It therefore appears that baik-kimchi offers an inhibitive effect against the toxicity of Am. In the baik-kimchi diet group, the total fecal weight (173.99 g/3 weeks) was 15 times that of the basal diet group (11.13 g/3 weeks) suggesting that baik-kimchi has the effect of increasing fecal bulk. The large intestine and the cecum of the baik-kimchi diet group were significantly (p<0.05) heavier than those of the Am diet group. The digestibility of protein (50.26%) and lipid (58.37%) in the Am diet group was very low in comparison with these in the baik-kimchi diet group (87.30% and 92.12%, respectively). This result indicates that the low digestibility of these nutrients in the Am diet group was directly responsible for the decrease of weight. Consequently, it is demonstrated that baik-kimchi can inhibit the effects of the toxicity of Am in rats.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.17 no.4 s.88
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• pp.489-498
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• 2005

Recently, the deterioration of concrete structures have been increased by the damage from salt, carbonization, freezing & thawing and the others. Therefore, the measures for the deterioration of concretes have been taken. Among them, it has been often used that surface treatment which cut off the deterioration factors of durability by protecting the surface of concrete. The water proof and repair materials for concrete mainly use organic materials such as epoxy, these materials excel in intial bonding force and resistance to chemical agents. But they cause difference in the modulus of elasticity and the rate of shrinkage and expansion of concrete, and thus result in such problems as scaling and spatting in the progress of time. Therefore in this study it develop the performance Improving agent of concrete surface that can block a deterioration cause such as $CO_2$ gas, chloride ion and water from the outside and enhance waterproofing ability by reinforcing the concrete surface when applying it to concrete structures.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.36 no.9
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• pp.1099-1105
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• 2007

The present study describes the preliminary evaluation of the anticancer activity of Styela plicata. Freeze-dried S. plicata was extracted with methanol, ethanol, acetone, and water, and then anticancer effect of the extracts was measured by the MTT reduction assay and phase-contrast microscopy on the HT-29 human colon carcinoma cells. Among the extracts, acetone extract showed the highest anticancer activity. The cell proliferation rates markedly decreased by 94.0% at the concentration of 500 ${\mu}g/mL$ of acetone extract compared with control cells. The acetone extract was further fractionated with hexane, diethyl ether, ethyl acetate, and water layer according to the degree of polarity. The HT-29 cells with hexane layer extract (250 ${\mu}g/mL$) decreased the cell viability to 5.1% of untreated control. The growth of SW620, HeLa, and MCF-7 cells was decreased to about 10%, by the treatment of hexane layer extract 250 ${\mu}g/mL$. Theses results suggest extracts from S. plicata as possible natural cancer therapeutic material.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.611-619
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• 2021

Porous asphalt pavement (PAP) has many functions, such as reducing accidents and decreasing noise. On the other hand, vulnerability is inevitable because PAP contains approximately 20% porosity. This study evaluated the effects of the maximum aggregate size (MAS), temperature, and porosity on the PAP durability. The indirect tensile strength measures durability. This study tested the samples that stayed dry and were moisturized by freezing and thawing for mixtures having the same porosity of 20% and MAS of 13mm, 10mm, and 8mm. The same test was performed on a mixture of 20% and 22% voids made of the same material with a MAS of 10mm. As a result, for 20% porosity, significant differences in the changes in MAS and temperature were found. A clear difference was observed between 8mm and 13mm under dry conditions, but there were no other significant differences in the MAS change. Furthermore, there was a clear difference in temperature for the change in porosity and temperature, but the gap in 2% porosity at 20% did not show a clear difference. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a more durable PAP through quantitative evaluations of the factors affecting the PAP durability.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.42 no.5
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• pp.607-616
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• 2022

Corrosion and degradation of reinforced structures due to abnormal climates and natural disasters further accelerate the aging of structures. Coping with the decrease in structure performance, many old structures are being repaired and reinforced with low-weight and high-strength materials such as glass fiber composite material (GFRP). To further contribute, this paper focus on a more economical and eco-friendly material, basalt fiber composite (BFRP), which provide a more effective lateral constraint effect for seismic reinforcement. The main variables considered in this study are the curing temperature during the manufacturing of BFRP and the material characteristics of the target concrete member. The lateral constraint reinforcement effect was investigated through the evaluation of the performance of normal concrete and those with improved durability through fiber reinforcement. The reinforcement effect was 3.15 times for normal concrete and 3.72 times for fiber reinforced concrete, and the difference in reinforcement effect due to the improvement of the durability characteristics of the compression member was not significant. Lastly, the performance of the BFRP was compared with the results of the GFRP reinforcement from the previous study. The effect of the BFRP reinforcement was 1.18 times better than that of the GFRP reinforcement.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.22 no.10
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• pp.77-91
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• 2006

Domestic practices in shotcrete use have developed in many respects even now, but it still has issues about material, construction, quality standard and so on. In overseas, the construction using high strength shotcrete with $39.2{\sim}58.8 MPa$ of compressive strength is becoming common based on the shotcrete technology of high strength and durability. However, domestic shotcrete design strength is low at around 20.6 MPa of compressive strength and a long term durability is also insufficient. In this paper, field tests using high-quality additives and accelerators were performed to obtain the improvement of shotcrete strength and EFNARC standard was used to evaluate the field test results. In addition, deterioration test combined with the freezing-thawing and carbonation was also performed in order to investigate a long-term durability of high-strength shotcrete. As a result of the field test, the promotion ratio of early strength was $90{\sim}97%$ in case of using alkali-free accelerators. And the compressive strength of the shotcrete using Micro-silica fume was $45.2{\sim}55.8MPa$ and flexible strength was $5.01{\sim}6.66MPa$, so the promotion ratio of strength was $37{\sim}79%$ and $17{\sim}61%$ respectively. The promotion effect of strength by silica fine additives ratio of $7.5{\sim}10%$ for cement mass was much superior to the other cases. It was especially examined that using Micro-silica fume reduced deterioration due to mixed steel fiber and improved a long-term durability of shotcrete.