• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.667-682
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• 2014

The effects of liquid pig manure (LM) on the yield and quality of rice as well as soil chemical properties were determined in the field of sandy loam soil under the different fertilizer management. Treatments consisted of 100%, 130% and 160% N application rates of liquid manure as calculated on the basis of the recommended rate of nitrogen (9 kg N/10a) for rice cultivation. Chemical fertilizer (CF) was used as control. Concentrations of T-N and T-P in paddy water were measured by 5-day intervals up to 20days after application. LM treatments significantly increased T-N concentrations in paddy water proportionally with increasing rates of LM (13.2 to 25.7 mg/L). Similarly Total-P content in paddy water was increased right after LM applications but was well below the quality standard of wastewater and manure. Plant height and tillers in 100% and 130% N LM treatments were lower than those in CF control. In the 160% LM treatment, however, plant height and numbers of tillers were higher than those in the CF control. Yields in 100% LM and 160% LM plots were decreased by 3 and 5%, respectively, as compared with 422 kg per 10a in the CF plot. Rice protein contents were similar between 100% LM and CF control (about 6.8%) but it was increased to 7.2% and 7.7% in 130% LM and 160% LM treatments, respectively. Toyo-taste value in the 100% LM treatment was higher than in CF control plot. The proportions of perfect grain of the brown rice were lower in 130% LM and 160% LM treatments than that in CF control. Soil organic matter content, heavy metal and exchangeable cations were highest in the 160% LM plot. Thus considering yield and quality of rice and heavy metals contents in soil, 130% N basal application of liquid manure can be recommended for rice cultivation in this experiment.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.221-234
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• 2016

The application of animal manure on farm fields is one of the most economical ways. However, the continuous application of manure in paddy fields might change soil properties influencing the growth of rice plant. Thus, this study was conducted to investigate the changes in selected chemical and biological properties of soils and rice production as affected by the applications of two different fertilizer sources, which were the consecutive applications of liquid swine manure (LSM) and chemical fertilizer (CF), during the three experimental years, from 2012 to 2014. Application amount of LSM was based on 100% of nitrogen fertilizer recommendation rate for rice cultivation estimated by soil testing. Plant height and tiller number in rice at the first year of liquid swine manure manure plot were lower than those of chemical fertilizer plot. Height and tillers of rice in liquid swine manure plot were higher than those of rice in chemical fertilizer plot after consecutive application for 3 years. Rice yield In the first year of application was decreased by 7% than that of chemical fertilizer, but the yield of rice in the third year of application in LM 100% plot was increased by 8% compared to the chemical fertilizer. Toyo-taste value of milled rice in LM 100% was decreased by increasing of protein contents and decreasing rate of perfect grain. The K and Zn contents in the soil were increased in the plots of consecutive LSM application. The results implied that the liquid manure may neither decrease the yield of rice and nor increase soil properties except K and Zn in the soil, and decrease rice quality.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.105-112
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• 2005

This study was conducted on paddy-land at Kimje, ChunBuk in Korea from Nov. 1999 to Nov. 2002. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of pig slurry (PS) on dry matter (DM) yield, N yield and nutritive value of rye, and soil total nitrogen (TN), Phosphorus (P) and organic matter (OM) content. This experiment was consisted of 4 plot (chemical fertilizer; N: 100/100, $P_2O_5: 150,\;K_2O: 150$ kg/ha; PS $100\%$ treatment, PS $200\%$ treatment and PS $100\%$ treatment with half of CF). 1. DM yields of rye revealed that there was an increase in order; PS $100\%$ treatment with half of chemical fertilizer (CF) > PS $200\%$ treatment > full of CF treatment > PS $100\%$ treatment. 2. Crude protein (CP) content was the highest with PS $200\%$ treatment ($10.53\%$) and followed by PS $100\%$ treatment with half of CF and full of CF treatment and the lowest with PS $100\%$ treatment. 3. The contents of NDF and TDN were hardly influenced by PS and CF 4. N yields of rye revealed that there was an increase in order; PS $200\%$ treatment > PS $100\%$ treatment with half of CF > full of CF treatment > PS $100\%$ treatment. 5. The contents of TN and OM were not influenced by the application levels of PS. however, The TN content increased by the application of PS, as increasing the application period 6. P content of the soil was not affected by the application levels of PS during the experimental period.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.54-60
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• 2010

We have researched the changes in nutrient content in each phase of fermentation in crops treated with liquefied pig fertilizer, and have determined the best method for applying livestock excrement to cultured crops. In the execution of this experiment, rice was cultivated to full maturity at a paddy field in Jeollabuk-Do Agriculture Research and Extension Services(Jeon-buk series) from 2007 to 2008. The rice plant nitrogen absorption quantity change, according to the growth stages of the cultivated rice, was 20.3% in the rice treated with the liquid pig manure and 22.2% the chemical fertilizer at highest congelation. The chemical fertilizer showed a higher absorption quantity than the liquid manure compost. The nitrogen density at highest congelation was 1.5% in the chemical fertilizer, and 1.8% in the pig manure liquid compost not a significant difference. The stem height at harvest time was 73.8 cm in the crops treated with the liquid pig manure compost. Those treated with the chemical fertilizer, yielded a height of 4.2 cm less than the crops treated with the liquid pig manure compost. The yield was 507 kg/10a in the liquid pig manure compost treated rice, compared with the chemical fertilizer, which showed a value of 1.2% lower. The protein content was 6.3% in the rice treated with the chemical fertilizer, but 6.4% in the rice treated with the liquid pig manure compost. This is not a significant difference. However, the lodging rice plant treated with the chemical fertilizer control showed a protein content of 6.8%, which was even higher than the normal rice. The head rice ratio in the brown rice and the polished rice ended up to be lower in the crop treated with the liquid pig manure than that treated with the chemical fertilizer, Quality, the palatability value, was similar in both groups. The above result indicate that, the effect of liquid pig manure compost corresponds to the effect of chemical fertilizer, when each are scattered uniformly.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.189-196
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• 2007

This study was conducted to determine the effects of application levels of pig slurry on the characteristics of runoff water in volcanic ash soil in Jeju, Korea. This study was arranged in randomized complete block design. The data represent the means of the three experiments. Experimental plots were consisted of five treatments such as no fertilizer, chemical fertilizer at 200kg N/ha/year and pig slurry levels at 200, 400 and 600kg N/ha/year. The concentrations of BOD and COD in 600kg N/ha pig slurry were significantly higher (p<0.05) than those of the other treatments at initial sampling at 12 days after application. The total nitrogen concentration in runoff water increased with increasing pig slurry. The total phosphorous concentration in runoff water was hardly influenced by application levels of pig slurry since there were no significant difference among the treatments. The concentrations of $NO_3-N\;and\;NH_4-N$ were raised (p<0.05) in proportion to application levels of pig slurry. In conclusion, pig slurry usage at 200kg N/ha to the volcanic ash soil in Jeju area can replace the chemical fertilizer. However, more than 200kg N/ha of pig slurry may not be appropriate, because it may contaminate the water environment.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.151-158
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• 2003

This study was carried out to determine the effect of pig slurry applications on the forage yield of Sorghum${\times}$Sudangrass hybrid and leaching of $NO_3$-N in volcanic ash soil in Jeju. It was arranged as a randomized block design with seven treatments: chemical fertilizer ($N-P_2$$O_{5}$ $-K_2$O=200-l50-150kg/ha), pig slurry 200kg N/ha, pig slurry 300kg N/ha, pig slurry 400kg N/ha, pig slurry 100kg N/ha+chemical fertilizer 100kg N/ha, pig slurry 150kg N/ha+chemical fertilizer 100kg N/ha, pig slurry 200kg N/ha+chemical fertilizer 100kg N/ha. The mean dry matter yield of Sorghum${\times}$Sudan grass hybrid per ha for 4 years(1998 to 2001) was higher(p<0.05) in pig slurry 300kg N/ha(l7,279kg) and pig slurry 400kg N/ha(17,817kg) treatments than those of other treatments. The $NO_3$-N concentrations of leaching water at soil depth 30cm in all treatments were excess the standard of WHO with level of $10.0mg/\ell$ on 20 days of the seeding, but this $NO_3$-N concentrations found to be below $5.0mg/\ell$ on August.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.63-68
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• 2006

This experiment was carried out to investigate the availability of swine slurry on mixed grassland pasture. Three types of fertilizer was used, chemical fertilization($N-P_2O_5-K_2O=210-150-180kg/ha$), no fertilization and swine slurry was further subdivide into three groups (100%, 150%, 200%) as compared to the level of N used in the chemical fertilizer. The results showed that dry mater yield of forage was increased with increasing application level of swine slurry. Production of dry matter of swine slurry 200% was similar to that of chemical fertilizer, but percentage of legume in mixed pasture was lower in chemical fertilization. Percentage of legume was increased with increasing application level of swine slurry. Level of $NO_3-N$ in filtered water was very low in all groups applied with swine slurry. Based on this results the optimum level of swine slurry application is 200% of the normal standard of N fertilizer used in grassland pasture.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.251-258
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• 2005

This study was conducted to examine the effect of application of pig manure slurry(PMS) for rye cultivation in Paddy-land on rice productivity The field experiments were carried out from 1999 to 2002 on well-grown rice in Paddy-land at Kimje, Chunbuk province in Korea. PMS was manufactured by the fermentation for 6 months in natural condition. Amount of PMS was adjusted equal to total nitrogen value relative to its value of commercial chemical fertilizers. The amount of PMS were spread evenly over the soil surface two times; first in the autumn (before sowing, end of November) and second in the spring(regrowth of rye, middle of March). The field plots were consisted of four kinds (PMS $100\%$ treatment, PMS $200\%$ treatment PMS $100\%$ treatment with half of CF (CF $50\%$), Full of CF treatment (CF $100\%$). The experiment was designed as a randomized complete block. Each treatment was replicated three times. Rices are customarily gown under tropical korean condition as annuals. The results obtained from this study were summarized as fellows. Panicle length of rice was shorter in PMS $100\%$ than other treatments. Ripening grain ratio was the lower in CF treatment. In treatment of PMS $100\%$ and PMS $200\%$, 1000 grain weight was a downward trend as compared to that of full of CF treatments, whereas number of grains per $m^2$ was increased as compared to other treatments. Number of panicles reveals that there is an increase in order; CF $50\% + PMS\;100\%>\;PMS\;100\%\;>\;CF\;100\%\;>\;PMS\;200\%$. Yield of milled rice showed hi인 in CF $100\%$ and $CF 50\%+ PMS 100\%$, but were was no significant difference among treatments. There were did not a regular tendency in the ratio of leaf sheath bright, however the ratio of lodging area was higher in $CF50\%+PMS\;100\%$ treatment than other treatments. Based on the results of this experiment, $CF 50\%+PMS\;100\%$ may be the most effective in rice productivity under application of PMS for rye cultivation in Paddy-land.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.35-40
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• 2006

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of application level of swine slurry on the growth characteristics and yield of sorghum$\times$sudangrass hybrid and $NO_3-N$ content in infiltration at experimental field of Grassland and Forage Crops Division, National Livestock Research Institute, RDA from 2000 to 2002. Treatments were consisted of non fertilizer(NF), chemical fertilizer(CF), 100% swine slurry(SS 100), 150% swine slurry(SS 150), 200% swine slurry(SS 200) and 100% swine slurry + CF 50%(SS100 + CF 50) with randomized complete block design and three replications. Growth of sorghum$\times$sudangrass hybrid was not nearly different among the treatments, but early growth of swine slurry treatments was better than that of CF, and regrowth after 1st cutting was shown better in CF and SS 100+CF 50 with adding application of chemical fertilizer. The sugar content(brix %) was tends to be increased with swine slurry application. Dry matter(DM) yields of SS 100 and SS 150 were lower 15 and 6% than that of CF, respectively, and SS 200 was similer to CF, but there was not found significant difference among all treatments. The content of crude protein(CP), acid detergent fiber(ADF), and neutral detergent fiber(NDF) did not show the difference. The content of $NO_3-N$ in infiltration water was not more than CF by the 55 150 application, but more than by SS 200 and 55 100+CF 50 treatment.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.112-117
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• 2008

A pot experiment was conducted to study the effect of application rate of anaerobically digested pig slurry on the growth of Chinese cabbage and the outflow characteristics of N and P from leaching and runoff in the upland. Anaerobically digested pig slurry(ADPS) was applied rates of 0, 6, 12, and $18L\;pot^{-1}$, and Chinese cabbages were grown for 50 days. Dry matter yield of Chinese cabbage increased significantly at the rates of 6 and $12L\;pot^{-1}$, but decreased at the rate of $18L\;pot^{-1}$ due probably to the high salinity. The EC(1:5) of the soil receiving $18L\;pot^{-1}$ of anaerobically digested pig slurry was $0.28dS\;m^{-1}$, which was significantly higher than those receiving 6 and $12L\;pot^{-1}$ of anaerobically digested pig slurry. For the leachate and runoff, N and P concentration increased with the application rate of ADPS. Therefore, considering the dual goal of optimum crop growth and minimal discharge of non-point pollution sources to water system, this study suggests that a testing of a site-specific proper application rate of liquid pig slurry including ADPS is prerequisite to achieving optimum agricultural productivity while minimizing water quality degradatio.