• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.76-88
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• 2022

Urban parks play the role of providing leisure spaces for people in their everyday life along with serving ecological functions in the city. Although urban parks aim to satisfy the needs of users visiting the park, most urban parks are currently uniformly created and maintained without considering the environmental characteristics based on the needs of users. This study thus analyzed parks that underwent modifications in line with the revised Park Act in 2005. There were 45 parks whose types were legally changed, of which 21 were changed from children's parks to small parks, and 19 were changed to utilize and highlight the themes such as cultural parks and historical parks. Among the parks whose types have changed, the ratio of amenities in cultural and historic parks has increased, while the facility area in small parks has decreased and the green area has increased in its place. As a result of analyzing the changes to the park facility area, it was confirmed that increasing park amenities has a positive effect in pursuing revitalization of use through park maintenance, but has a negative consequence of significantly decreasing green area. It is necessary to reorganize the park type classification system to reflect the park environment and prepare guidelines for a new installation standard by park type to expand the net function of parks in cities and maintain the sustainable ecological environment. Through in-depth discussions on the facilities of park types, it is anticipated that innovative and multilateral research could be conducted to prepare improvement measures tailored to the guidelines of urban park types in years to come.

• Proceedings of the Korea Contents Association Conference
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• 2017.05a
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• pp.113-114
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• 2017

본 연구의 목적은 우리나라 16개 광역자치단체(시 도)별 문화시설중 도시공원에 대한 규모를 근린공원, 어린이 공원, 소공원, 묘지공원, 체육공원, 역사공원, 문화공원, 수변공원, 도시자연공원 등으로 구분하여 인구 및 기초지방자치단체 등의 규모와의 비교분석을 통해 지역의 문화시설지수를 도출하였다. 이를 통해 광역지방자치단체별로 도시공원의 유형과 면적이 인구증가율과는 다르게 나타난다는 점을 확인하였다. 인구증가에 비례하여 도시공원 면적 확보율이 비례하지 않는다는 점을 확인하였으며, 이는 향후 도시공원 정책 수립에 있어 인구증가율을 고려하여야 한다는 시사점을 도출하였다.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.26-41
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to classify parks by type and to propose management plans for each park type. Environmental characteristics of urban parks in Daegu Metropolitan City were used to classify them into five categories. A total of 68 neighborhood parks were classified using their internal/external environmental factors, with a resulting distribution of 41 parks classified as 'FFR-type parks,' 12 as 'HNR-type parks,' 6 as FFCI-type parks,' 3 as FFA-type parks,' and 6 as 'HNA-type parks.' In the analysis of ecological and usage characteristics for the neighborhood park types, FFR-type parks had excellent park accessibility and the highest population density within the park service area. HNR-type parks had high NDVI from their natural green spaces, but their accessibility was low. FFCI-type parks had very low NDVI and green space connectivity, and also had low park accessibility and population density. FFA-type parks had low NDVI and green space connectivity, and very poor accessibility. HNA-type parks had high NDVI and green space connectivity. These findings provide an effective base dataset for use in preparing long-term plans for remodeling and managing urban neighborhood parks.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.38 no.5
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• pp.21-30
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to suggest customized management methods tailored to the characteristics of each type of park. Related literature was reviewed to determine the types of and management methods for urban parks to discuss the possibility of the involvement of citizens in park management and committing park management to the private sector. As a result of analyzing the literature, it has been found that each park should be managed separately according to its type in light of its characteristics and the strengths and weaknesses of each management method. For this reason, this must be a very important element for preventing damaging behavior at tourist destinations. First, natural mountainous parks are ordinary parks that do not require any professional management knowledge or skills. Accordingly, these parks should be managed by the districts in which they are located. Second, eco-oriented parks ask for specialized management. As domestic cases show, it will be advisable to commit the management of these parks to specialized, highly-experienced private organizations. Third, facilities-centered parks are large in size in response to the diverse needs of citizens, and it seems that a combination of different methods is better than merely sticking to any particular method.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.36-47
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to classify and assess the characteristics of urban Korean parks by on-site park users' reactions, such as satisfaction, preference and cognitive image of the park and park facilities. The park facilities are classified into five types of satisfaction: management status, activity facilities, convenient facilities, circulation and density, and landscape facilities. The park users are satisfied with conversation, rest and relaxation in the parks, but not satisfied with studying and nature experience. The behaviors in the park are classified as park activities, emotional and experiential activities, and nature activities. The results indicate that the images of the parks are stable, comfortable and natural. There are three factors to classifying the park images: nature-harmony, openness, uniqueness. Preferences for each parks are generally good. According to the criteria such as satisfaction of park facility, behavioral satisfaction, images and preference for each park, the 12 parks are divided into 5 different types: multi-purpose park, well-balanced park with natural elements, urban open space, park to be improved, and ecological park. The characteristics of each park was analyzed and categorized. This study dealt with only the parks in Seoul and its environs, and the survey was only done during the summer season. Therefore, further research is necessary to enlarge and generalize the results of this study, considering seasonal and regional variations.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.927-936
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• 2016

This research aims to analyze the effect of different types of urban parks and their locational characteristics on the apartment price in the entire metropolitan area of Busan, Korea. Although an urban park is an environmental good that influences the surroundings in many ways, most of the previous studies have underestimated its impact on the value of the surrounding area. This research focuses on the economic value of urban parks by understanding their relationship with the value of the apartments in the surrounding area with its significance in their physical and objective characteristics. Furthermore, the research emphasizes the different typological characteristics of urban parks in the analysis. In summary of the result, the number of levels (stories) and units of the apartment complex, ranking of the contractor, age of a park and accessibility to sub-central are positively related to the price of apartment units. On the other hand, the total area of apartment complex, the age of apartments, the distance to the nearest park and accessibility to civic-central or regional district are negatively related to the price of apartment units. Having a plan for constructing a park is also positively related to the price. For the typological characters of a park, neighborhood park, small-sized park, and sports park are positively related to the price, while children's park is negatively related to the price of apartment units. Considering that the price increases as the distance to the nearest park decreases, people prefer to live near the benefits that urban parks provide. In order to maximize the value and benefits that parks provide, it is necessary to approach them creatively.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.114-124
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• 2015

In the city, the urban park contributes to the quality of citizen life in many ways, and the importance of the urban park as an urban planning facility is growing each day. In this study, evaluation of park service supply adequacy in Suwon-si, the difference in analysis methods, and the type of land use at urban park catchment area analysis were analyzed. As a result, there were remarkable differences between the two analysis methods. In Suwon-si, the catchment area by network analysis was only about 41% of catchment area by buffer analysis. However, when basic local authorities establish planning of parks and green areas, they use buffer analysis to calculate the park service area. It means that such calculations of urban park service areas may be wider than actually used. Also, because there were differences between urban park catchment areas by land use types, guidelines of planning parks and green areas will be adjusted. Although quantitative expansion of the park area is also important for the realization of green welfare, it is necessary to consider city characteristics such as the population size, population density, land use types, and so on.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.12 no.10
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• pp.195-204
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to suggest the improvement plan for the welfare in the park through the empirical test on the park facilities, which are the hardware, and the service contents, which are the software, in the urban parks of Busan. Therefore, to identify the welfare of the parks in Busan, this study took 7 urban parks as samples according to the plate method of experts, and conducted the questionnaire survey from 1,500 persons using these parks. The IPA analysis results on the importance and the satisfaction of the users on the form of use, facilities and the contents of the park are as follows. First, the convenient facilities, which are the hardware of the park, are represented as a intensive management item. Second, the importance and the satisfaction for all the facilities and the contents of each park are significant differences. according to the location of each park and the characteristics of each principal park users. Such results mean that the Busan urban park operation does not satisfy the expectation of the park users for the welfare facilities in the parks. Therefore, it implies that to activate the urban parks and to improve the quality of life than the present, the aceessibility of the local residents to the information should be reinforced through the development of contents to reflect the region and the desires of the users and through building and managing the homepage of the urban parks.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.42 no.5
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• pp.31-40
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• 2014

The importance of green spaces in the city is growing each day. Local governments are taking charge of park development works that are having difficulty in developing and managing urban parks due to high land value as well as a shortage in finances. This is even though an urban park is defined as an urban planning facility and the law provides park area per person. Civil residents, meanwhile, are using not only urban parks provided by law but also other green areas such as rivers, reservoirs, and school playgrounds because they recognize urban green areas by the concept of use. In this study, accordingly, urban green areas were sorted into two types, urban parks, parks provided by law, and other green areas, and the difference in use pattern and use satisfaction by type was analyzed. As a result of analysis, there was no remarkable difference between the two types. According to such results, it was found that it is necessary to include other green areas, such as rivers, reservoirs, school green areas, and apartment green areas in addition to the current park green areas provided by law when park area per person is calculated, and such calculation of urban green areas reflecting local characteristics can reduce local governments' financial burden and improve the effectiveness of future urban park policies. It is judged that such results can become a plan against the cancellation of unexecuted urban facilities. The fact that accessibility factors, such as road satisfaction, access convenience, and convenient movement, are affecting satisfaction with the use of urban parks suggests that it is important to improve urban park accessibilities rather than to quantitatively expand park area in order to improve satisfaction with urban parks. Considering that people travel to urban green areas mostly by walking, it is necessary for access convenience to conduct follow-up studies such as barrier-free and securing walking stability through analysis of routes to urban green areas.

• Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.46-53
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• 2016

This study was conducted to analyze the effect of the different land covers of an urban park (Hyowon park) in downtown Suwon on the urban thermal variations during a hot summer. The effect of the air temperature reduction in the urban park was 4.4%-4.5% for the downtown residence (Maetan-dong). This value was about 0.8% lower than that of the outskirts residence (Sanggwanggyo-dong). The daily mean temperature, daily maximum temperature, summer day and heat wave frequency were measured under the different land covers (cement-block, grass, pine-grass, shading area and mixed forest) showed these values generally decreased under natural land cover types. Daily minimum temperature and tropical night frequency didn't seem to correlate with the land cover types. Means of thermal comfort indices (wet bulb globe temperature, heat index and discomfort index) in the shading area, mixed forest and the pine-grass types were lower than those of cement block and grass types. However the levels of those indices were equal to 'very high' or 'caution' levels in the afternoon (13:00-15:00). In the morning (06:00-08:00), thermal comfort indices of the urban park didn't correlate with land cover types. Therefore, to reduce heat stress and to improve the thermal comfort in urban parks, an increase in the area of natural land cover such as grass, forest and open spaces is required.