• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.23-33
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• 2020

As the scale of the economy expands, the number of cases of damage in enclosed spaces such as tunnels is increasing due to the accident of transportation vehicles of dangerous substances such as explosive flammable materials that have increased rapidly. In the case of road tunnels in particular, in the aspect of protection against the long-winding trend and the environment in the downtown area, the number of cases of passing through the downtown area increases, and securing the safety of structures against unexpected extreme disasters such as explosions during tunnel passage is very urgent. For this reason, developed countries are already conducting a review of internal bombardment, but there are almost no evaluation and countermeasures for explosion risk in Korea. Therefore, in this study, in order to evaluate the explosion safety of road tunnels, a boiling liquid explosive explosion (BLEVE), which is considered to have the greatest explosion load among vehicles driving on the road, is set as a reference explosion source, and the equivalent TNT explosion load is used for simulation of the explosion. A method of conversion was presented. In addition, by applying the derived explosion load, dynamic behavior simulation was performed by assuming various variables for the tunnel, and the explosion safety of the tunnel was analyzed.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.599-615
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• 2022

In order to excavate underground tunnel most safely such as Han river, the slurry shield TBM method is applied to cope with face of high water pressure for many metro projects. In downtown subway project most of excavated soil is discharged externally whereas in road construction excavated soil is used as filling materials so it becomes important factor for success of the project. After excavated soil, weathered rock and soft rock are discharged with bentonite through discharge pipe to slurry treatment plant then those soils are separated in separation plant according to those size. Fine grained soil has been discarded together with filter cake but it is not toxic and can be mixed with coarse aggregate in proper ratio so this study is performed to find use of qualified filling material to meet quality standard. Therefore, in this study, legal standards and quality standards for the utilization of excavated soil of the slurry shield TBM method were examined and test was conducted to derive recycling way for filter cake and aggregate. And a plan for using it as a filling material for road construction was derived. Because bentonite is a clay composed of montmorillonite, and the excavated soil in the tunnel is also non-toxic, disposal of this material can waste social cost so it is expected to be helpful in the underground space development project that carries out the TBM project by recycling it as a valuable resource.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.92-101
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• 2007

Urban freight system includes not just intra-urban freight movement but also inter-urban movement as well. Hence, to make Busan a hub of North-east asia freight movement it is necessary to develop a comprehensive plan for infrastructure expansion as well as improvement of freight system based on the present facility situation. This study identifies the status of freight facilities in Busan by establishing the freight related infrastructure Database(DB) utilizing Geographic Information System(GIS), and to enable planners and decision-makers to utilize the DB to develop a future plan. The DB includes port facilities, major and minor arterial roads, railroad lines and facilities, depots, center city business areas, and urban infrastructures which are related to the freight movements. The analyses show that major transportation facilities in Busan consist of roads, railroads, coastal transportation, and international transportation, and it was found that intermodal facilities are inadequate for freight system in Busan. The results of this study will be useful for freight experts and planners to develop a comprehensive freight system plan.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.275-289
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• 2018

It is necessary to develop a bridgehead port for trading with northern countries to promote trade through the East Sea because the East Sea Rim economic bloc around the Northeast Asia including South Korea, China, Russia, Japan, and North Korea has a high growth potential in the future. Therefore, this study aims to suggest a strategic direction to enhance the competitiveness of Donghae Port through reinforcement of container cargoes by conducting Importance-Performance Analysis (IPA) for stakeholders of Donghae Port. The analysis results suggest that it is necessary to improve the five evaluation factors: attractiveness of container and bulk volumes, appropriate ratio of export/import container quantities, frequency of vessel entry and diversity of sea routes, convenience of complex linked transportation, and competitiveness of cargo handling equipment. The implications of this study are as follows. First, it is necessary to continuously research the current status of container and bulk cargo volumes of the port and ways to increase the absolute cargo volume. Second, we need to consider realistic alternatives to improve the ratio of export/import container quantities. Third, in terms of network, we should establish a service improvement plan to increase the frequency of port calls and the diversity of sea routes. Furthermore, incentives should be provided to increase the trade volume of Donghae Port through strengthened complex linked transportation function. Finally, it is urgently necessary to provide investment support for container handling equipment as an essential requirement for the activation of the container cargoes in Donghae Port.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.94 no.3 s.160
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• pp.135-145
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to reveal the component characteristics and the channels of distribution for forest products as a fuel that were consumed in Kyeongseong city (Seoul) in 1929, in the middle of the colonial period. The summary of the results are as follows; (1) though the average consumption of forest products consumed as a fuel per household in Kyeongseong city was slightly less than one-third as much forest products as fuel consumed in other counties of Kyeongki province, but due to the high heat capacity, the amount of fuelwood and charcoal consumption was much higher than leaf and grass consumption; (2) the largest supply areas of forest products for fuel were the riverside of Kangwon province and Kyeonggi province in which the waterways were available. They supplied 42.6% of total consumption, and the other supply areas were the northern part of Kyeonggi province, etc. (29.5%) where railroads were handy, and the suburbs of Kyeongseong City (27.9%) by roads; (3) the transportation areas using the Han River were divided into two parts of Ttook island (43.0%) and former Yongsan and Mapo (45.6%), but the volume of transportation by railroad was centralized in Kyeongseong Station, which accounted for 72.2% of total volume of transportation by rail; (4) the most of the forest products consumed for fuel in Kyeongseoung city were sold in temporary fuelwood markets, rather than permanent and regular markets.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.331-348
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• 2011

Recently, international society strongly concerns global green house effect. As a result each nation introduces green policy for their economy and sustainable development. The emissions of carbon dioxide come from various sources, such as ports and port activities. Especially, port is a logistics hub for shipping, road and railways. Therefore, successful reduction of emissions in the port may encourage other transportations to reduce emissions. Korea as developing country is excused from Annex I countries which committed themselves to reduce four greenhouse gases. However, Korea is going to be placed in Annex I countries in 2013. Korean economy is heavily dependent on international trade and especially, 99.8% of its international trade cargoes is transported through the ports. Therefore, Eco-port plays a very important role in future Korean sustainable development. By introducing the most advanced port pollution regulations, Japan has taken a immediate step for Eco-port policy. International trade is very significant in Korea as well as in Japan, both nations have similar industrial structure. Therefore, Korea should pay attention to Japanese Eco-port policy and activities. This paper examines Japanese Eco-port policy and its' implications in order for Korea to find the most efficient way to reduce the emissions as Korea should reduce greenhouse gas emissions in post kyoto system.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.875-886
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• 2015

By promoting the international transportation and the improvement of advanced exchange between South and North Korea, the Asian Highway plan was expected to make considerable economical effects in the North-East Asian region. This study focuses on a part of AH6 route (i.e., South Korea-North Korea-China-Far East Russia) and aims to analyze the behavioral change of international passenger transport around the Korean Peninsula by assuming the non-existent North Korea land transport network connectivity. The study was performed using two main methods. First, a stated preference survey was performed to derive the actual modal share of each travel mode. Second, a disaggregate analysis was performed to develop possible mode-choice models for international passenger travel and find out the suitable choice. Based on the results of the model estimation, it is found that over 90% of the international passenger transport would be converted to land transport (rail+highway). In addition, international railroad modal share rate would be increased from 62.8% to 66.1% and international bus would be decreased from 29.6% to 21.9% as the distance lengthened (903km~1,631km).

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.21-27
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• 2010

Management of driver hours of service (HOS) for commercial vehicle operators has been a continual safety challenge. One of the more critical issues to government and motor carriers is fatigue and fatigue-related accidents. To reduce truck drivers’fatigue-related accident risk in other countries, the government issued the HOS regulations. However, korea government does not have any HOS regulations. The objective of this research gives the clues that korea should have the HOS regulation to reduce truck drivers’fatigue-related accident risk. This study examines the HOS regulation over other countries and conducts relative accident risk analysis using the real data from 3 freight companies. The data set includes 231 accident involved drivers and 462 non-accident drivers. Therefore, the size of the total data set is 693 drivers. One of the most important aspects of early studies of safety and HOS was the need to characterize continuous driving by using the notion of "survival". Subsequent research used a data replication scheme and logistic regression to capture the survival effect. This study uses time-dependent logistic regression. The test of significance between parameters indicates that the first three hours are almost the same risk. In the 10th hour of driving, the risk was more than 2.2times that in the baseline first hour. In conclusion, as driving time goes on, the crash risk increases.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.1-31
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• 2011

By employing Environmental Input-Output Table 2005, which has 76 intermediate sector and 21 energy sources, this paper analyses the flow of energy demand and $CO_2$ after estimating an induced $CO_2$ emissions from 76 industrial sectors. Index of $CO_2$ intensity($CO_2/GDP$) and other index of $CO_2$ intensity($CO_2/calory$) showed that final demand sector uses more high calory energy source. Intermediate sector used less environmental friendly energy source and emit more $CO_2$ at same calory. Industries those has high induced $CO_2$ emissions are Thermal Power($32.587CO_2-g/Won$), Cement($10.370CO_2-g/Won$), Road Transportation($7.255CO_2-g/Won$), Cokes and Other Coal Products($5.791CO_2-g/Won$), Steam and Hot water supply, Sewage, Sanitary services($4.575CO_2-g/Won$). It is shown that industry such as Iron and Steel which has low $CO_2$ intensity, high backward linkage effect and high forward linkage effect makes high induced $CO_2$ emissions. Environmental load and $CO_2$ emissions in overall economy will decrease when not high $CO_2$ intensity industry but also low $CO_2$ intensity industry makes lower $CO_2$ intensity.

• Proceedings of the KOR-KST Conference
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• 1998.10b
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• pp.509-509
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• 1998

점차 증가하는 도로상에서의 승용차의 비율은 전체 도로교통여건의 악화뿐만이 아니라 국가경제에 있어서도 물류비용의 증가를 가져와 국제경쟁력에서의 약화 및 수출조건의 악화의 원인이 되고 있다. 이러한 물류비용의 감소를 위하여 고속도로에 있어서의 화물전용차선의 설치가 논의되고 있으나 화물전용차선의 설치에 따른 사회 각 분야의 경제적 이익과 불이익을 정확히 산출하여 새로운 교통시설 공급의 효과를 정확하게 파악하지 못한 채로 정책적인 대안의 일환으로 논의되고 있으며, 기존의 고속도로의 교통혼잡비용의 연구에 있어서도 화물통행의 시간가치를 화물차의 운전자의 시간가치로 분석하여 개별 화물통행의 시간가치를 간과하여 분석하고 있는 실정이다. 본 연구는 이러한 배경하에 화물통행의 시간적 가치를 측정하는 방안을 정립하고 고속도로에 있어서의 화물전용차선의 설치가 기존의 교통체계에 미치는 효과를 정확히 분석하고 시설공급에 따른 경제적 편익을 체계적으로 분석하여 이에 따른 화물전용차선 설치의 평가기준을 마련하는데 그 목적이 있다. 본 연구를 통하여 나타난 결과는 다음과 같다. -첫째, 연구대상구간 전체를 기준으로 볼때에 모든 대안에서 화물전용차선의 설치시는 화물전용차선의 미설치시보다 오히려 사회전체의 편익이 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. -둘째, 구간별로 구분하여 분석하였을 경우에는 대안3의 경우 일부구간에서 화물전용차선에 설치에 따른 편익이 발생하는 것으로 분석되었는 바, 상행선의 경우 17:00∼21:00시에 신갈∼오산구간에서 실시하는 것이 가장 높은 편익을 발생하며, 하행선의 경우 06:00∼10:00시에 신갈∼오산구간에서 실시하는 것이 가장 편익이 높게 분석되었다. -셋째, 화물의 통행가치의 증가 및 화물교통량의 증가를 예상하여 5%, 10%, 20%의 증가에 대한 민감도 분석을 실시한 결과 대안1의 경우 교통량의 변화 및 화물통행의 시간가치의 증가시 사회적 편익이 오히려 감소하였고, 대안2와 3의 경우 사회적 편익이 증가하는 것을 알 수 있었다. 이는 경부고속도로의 화물차량의 구성비에 따라 대안 1의 경우 오히려 화물차의 통행시간이 증가함에 그 원인이 있다 할 것이다. 이상과 같은 결론을 통하여 경부고속도로상의 화물전용차선의 설치시는 수답렬 교통량의 구성비와 구간 평균교통량에 의하여 그 효과가 다르게 나타남을 알 수 있었다. 따라서 물류비용 절감차원에서의 화물전용차선의 설치는 본 연구에서 나타낸 방법과 같이 수단간의 경제적 편익을 고려한 구간별 시간대별 효과분석을 통하여 정책의 시행여부가 결정되어야 할 것이다. 한편, 화물전용차선의 설치로 인한 물류비용의 절감을 보다 효과적으로 달성하기 위해서는 종합류류 전산망의 시급한 구축과 함께 화물차의 적재율을 높이고 공차율을 낮출 수 있는 운송체계의 수립이 필요한 것으로 판단된다. 그라나 이러한 화물전용차선의 효과는 단기적인 치유책일 수밖에 없기 때문에 물류유통 시설의 확충을 위한 사회간접자본의 구축을 서둘러 시행하여야 할 것이다.