• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.229-234
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• 1996

Carcinogenicities of Benzo[a]pyrene(BP) and its metabolites were investigated by PM3. The 4, 5, 5a, and 6 positions forming transbutadiene(TB) frame in BP have been proved to be carcinogenic region by LUMO. We have found that the carcinogenic region of BP-triol, ultimate cacinogen, is shifted from 4, 5, 5a, and 6 positions of precarcinogen to 10, 10a, 12c, and 12b ones. The appreximate charge transfer quantities turned out to have the largest value between HOMO of Guanine and LUMO of BP-triol corresponding to TB region on each other.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.574-579
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• 2002

A sensitive and easy high performance liquid chromatograph (HPLC) / electrospray ionization (ESI)-mass spectrometric (MS) method has been developed for the quantitative and qualitative analyses of acarbose and its metabolites. After plasma samples were simply filtered with a syringe filter, the filtered plasma was analyzed by LC/MS. The standard calibration curve for acarbose was linear ($r^2=0.9963$) over the concentration range $0.1{\sim}10{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ in plasma. The metabolite component-I and II, which were metabolized by the ${\alpha}$-amylase and ${\beta}$-amylase, were found also by in vitro incubation. The developed method can be utilized to study acarbose and the other carbohydrates.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.54 no.1
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• pp.46-52
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• 2018

Biodegradation pathway of dibenzofuran (DBF) of Novosphingobium pentaromativorans US6-1, a high-molecular-weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons degrading strain, was investigated via analysis of metabolic intermediates and transcriptome. As a result, 3(2H)-benzofuranone, a basic skeleton of the metabolic intermediates produced by lateral dioxygenation process, was detected as an intermediate. RNA-Seq analysis confirmed that most of the expressed genes upon exposure to DBF were related to the lateral degradation pathway. Based on these results, the biodegradation pathway of DBF by N. pentaromativorans US6-1 was proposed.

• The Journal of the Petrological Society of Korea
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.161-176
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• 1998

There are exposed Samrangjin Tuff and intracaldera intrusions, of which rhyolitic rocks emplaced as postcollapsed central and ring intrusions within the Samrangjin caldera, and fine-grained granodiorite and biotite granite as regional tectonic intrusions nearby. The Samrangjin Tuff and the rhyolitic rocks are of a single Samrangjin magmatic system. Flow-banded rhyolite among rhyolitic rocks was emplaced in the outer part of the ring intrusions, rhyodacite in the inner part of the eastern ring, and porphyritic dacite and dacite porphyry in the inner part of the northwestern ring. Totally the Samrangjin Tuff and the rhyolitic rocks range from rhyolite to dacite in chemical composition. The Rb-Sr isotopic data of the Samrangjin Tuff and the rhyolitic rocks yield an age of $80.8{\pm}1.5(2{\sigma})$ Ma with the initial $^{87}Sr/^{86}Sr$ ratio of $0.70521{\pm}0.00010(2{\sigma})$. The continuous compositional zonations generally define a large stratified magma system in the postcollapse magma chamber. The Sr isotopic data suggest that the compositional zonations might have resulted from the fractional crystallization of a parental dacitic magma.

• Proceedings of the KSMRM Conference
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• 1999.04a
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• pp.99-108
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• 1999

선천성 대사 이상은 다양한 뇌질환으로 나타낸다. 일반적으로 이 질환들은 하나 또는 둘이상의 대사경로에 대한 생화학적 이상에 원인이 있다. 정상적 생화학적 산물의 결핍이나 비정상적 산물의 축적에 의한 뇌기능 이상에 의해 임상증상이 나타내게 되는데 그 증상은 대개 경기, 경직성, 발육지연 등으로 비특이적이고 영상소견도 마찬가지로 비특이적이다. 대사 이상에 있어서의 신경병변은 일부 뇌백질을 주로 침범하는 경우를 제외하면 대부분 뇌백질을 침범하고 따라서 일반적으로 일차성 뇌백질 질환이 대사성 뇌질환을 일컫는다고 할 수가 있다. 뇌백질 질환은 뇌백질의 구성원중 가장 큰 부분을 차지하는 수초(myelin)를 침범하는 질환을 일컫는다. 중추신경계의 백질은 수초로 싸여있는 축삭(axon)과 선경교세포 (neuroglial cell) 및 혈관 등으로 구성되어 있으며, 이중 대부분을 수초가 차지하고 이 수초로 인하여 정상 뇌백질이 흰색을 나타낸다. 백질내의 신경교세포로는 성상세포 (astrocyte) 와 핍지세포 (oligodendrocyte)가 있으며 신 경교세포의 가장 중요한 기능은 핍지세포에 의한 축삭의 외피화 (ensheathment) 즉, 수초이다. 수초는 핍지세포의 세포질 돌기 (cytoplasmic process)의 일부이며 따라서 수초의 생존과 대사는 핍지세포와 운명을 같이한다. 일반적으로 세포의 생존, 대사와 가장 관련있는 기능은 세포질내에 함유되어 있는 구조물인 소기관(organelle)에 의하여 수행된다. 따라서, 비록 모든 소기관들이 백질 질환을 이르키는데 직접 연관되어 있지는 않더라도 수초의 생존과 대사에는 핍지세포의 소기관들이 매우 중요한 역할을 하게 된다. 세포질내 중요한 소기관으로는 세포 막, 미토콘드리아 (mitochondria), endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi 체, lysosome, peroxisome 그리고 세포질등이 있으며, 이들중에서 lysosomes, peroxisomes, 그리고 미토콘드리아가 특정한 유전성 백질질환에 중요한 역할을 하는 것이 밝혀졌다. 이러한 질환들은 최소한 각 소기관에 의한 질환군으로 분류될 수 있다.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.441-448
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• 2006

11-nor-9-carboxy-${\Delta}^9$-tetrahydrocannabinol (THCCOOH) is the major metabolite of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) which is the primary psychoactive component of marijuana. It is also the target analyte for the discrimination marijuana use. A method using solid-phase extraction (SPE) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) was developed for the determination of THCCOOH in human urine. Urine samples (3 mL) were extracted by SPE column with a cation exchange cartridge after basic hydrolysis. The eluents were then evaporated, derivatized, and injected into the GC/MS. The limits of detection (LOD) and quantitation (LOQ) were 0.4 and 1.2 ng/mL, respectively. The response was linear with a correlation coefficient of 0.999 within the concentration range of 1.2 (LLE 1.3)~50.0 ng/mL. The precision and accuracy were stable within 1.20% and the recovery was 83.6~90.7%. The recovery of SPE method was lower than that of liquid-liquid extraction (LLE), but there were no apparent differences in LOD, LOQ, precision and accuracy between the two methods. While SPE method is used as a very effective and rapid procedure for sample pretreatment, and clean extracts, LLE method was not suitable for the extraction procedure of THCCOOH in urine. The applicability of the method was proven by analyzing a urine samples from a marijuana abusers.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 1994.04a
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• pp.272-272
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• 1994

신약개발에 있어서 대사연구는 약효의 species difference, 독성기전, 그리고 in vitro와 in vivo의 약효차이를 이해하는데 매우 중요한 역할을 담당하며 그 연구 영역을 넓혀가고 있다. 본 연구에서는 항혈전제로 개발 가능성이 있는 phosphodiesterase inhibitor인 KR30289의 rat과 rabbit에서 대사 연구를 통하여 약리효과의 상이점을 밝히고져 하였다. Mass analysis를 통하여 urinary 대사체의 구조를 규명한 결과 KR30289를 경구 투여 (1mg/kg)시 hydroxy derivative(M1)와 O-dealkylated derivative(M2)로 변환되어 urine으로 배설되었고 parent compound는 검출되지 않았다 M1과 M2 모두 free form, glucuronide conjugate, 그리고 sulfate conjugate 형태로 검출되었으나 rat과 rabbit 두 종간의 M1과 M2의 비율에서는 커다란 차이점을 보여주었다 rat의 경우 M2가 94% (free form : 14%, glucuronide conjugate 58%. sulfate conjugate, 22%)이었으며 rabbit에서는 M1이 54%로 상대적으로 많이 생성되었다(free form : 11%, glucuronide conjugate : 22%, sulfate conjugate 21%). 이와같이 두종간의 상이한 metabolic profile로 인하여 약리효과의 차이가 유발될수 있다고 추론된다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 1996.04a
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• pp.280-280
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• 1996

carbamazepine은 대표적인 항전간제로써, 약물의 유효 혈중 농도 범위가 좁아서 TDM(Theapeutic Drug Monitoring)을 시행하는 약물이다. 그리고 이 약물은 parent drug 뿐만 아니라 대사체의 하나인 carbamazepine-10,11-epoxide 역시 carbamazepine와 동일한 효과가 있는 것으로 알려져 있어, 임상적으로 TDM 시행시에는 carbamazepine의 carbamazepine-10,11-epoxide로의 대사에 소요되는 시간과 대사 정도에 대한 자료가 필요하다. 그러나 이제껏 제시되고 있는 population parameter들이 모두 서양인에 대한 자료이므로 국내에서 이 약물을 투여하는데 있어서 인종간의 차이를 확인하지 않고서 서양인의 자료에 준하여 적용하는 것은 상당한 위험성이 따를 수도 있으므로 한국인에 있어서의 carbamazepine 대사에 관한 연구가 필요하였다. 방법 7명의 건강한 성인을 대상으로 carbamazepine 제제 400mg을 1회 경구 투여한 다음, 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24, 36, 48, 72 시간 경과시 채혈하여 정량하였다. 결과 carbamazepine의 AUC 881$\pm$233(minㆍ$\mu\textrm{g}$/$m\ell$), MRT 72.1$\pm$10.8(min), t$_{1}$2/ 40.1 $\pm$ 8.6(min), CL 6.75 $\pm$ 2.72($m\ell$/min/kg), Vdssn 484 $\pm$ 215($m\ell$/kg)의 값을 얻었다.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.50 no.7
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• pp.629-635
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• 2007

Purpose : This study was conducted to assess the usefulness of fat-free mass index (FFMI) and fat mass index (FMI) as novel expression methods of body composition in children. Methods : A total of 466 Second grade students-248 boys and 218 girls- from all elementary schools the Gwacheon City underwent anthropometric measures including bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) and biochemical tests. The correlation coefficients between obesity indices, including FMI and FFMI, and metabolic risk factors, were assessed. Metabolic risk factors of children with increased FMI were compared with those of children with normal FMI. We compared FMI and FFMI percentile distribution between this study's subjects and the subjects of the Fukuoka body composition study. Results : FMI was lower and FFMI was higher in this study's subjects compared to the subjects of the Fukuoka body composition study. FMI was correlated with other obesity indices and several metabolic risk factors. Metabolic risk was higher in children with increased FMI than in children with normal FMI. Conclusion : FMI and FFMI were useful indicators in comparing difference of body composition among children that had different body size and growth. High FMI was related to increase of metabolic risk in children.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.89-95
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• 1998

Purpose : To investigate the phosphorus metabolic abnormalities in skeletal muscle of patients with mitochondrial myopathy using in vivo $^{31}P$ magnetic resonance spectroscopy(MRS). Materials and Methods : Patients with mitochondrial myopathy(N=10) and normal control subjects (N=10) participated. All in vivo $^{31}P$ MRS examinations were performed on 1.5T whole-body MRI/MRS system by using an image selected in vivo spectroscopy (ISIS) pulse sequence that provided a $4{\times}4{\times}4{\;}cm^{3}$ volume of interest (VOI) in the right thigh muscle tissue. Peak areas for each phophorus methabolite were measured using a Marquart algorithm. Results : The specific features in patients with mitochondrial myopathy were a significant increase of Pi/PCr ratio (p=0.003) and a significant decrease of ATP/PCr ratio (p=0.004) as compared with normal controls. In particular, the ${\beta}-ATP/PCr$ ratio between controls and patients with mitochondrial myopathy was predominantly altered. Conclusions : In vivo $^{31}P$ MRS may be a useful modality in the clinical evaluation of patients with mitochondrial myopathy based on ATP/PCr and Pi/PCr ratios in skeletal muscle tissue and provides a valuable information in further understanding disorders of muscle metabolism.