• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.77-83
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• 2000

En coastal area, many submarine facilities such as pipes and cables are installed on/under the sea bed. Also, there are heavy traffic due to numerous vessels which call in ports or navigate passages in adjacent water. Therefore, the frequency of dropping anchors will be increased to avoid various dangerous situations. When an anchor is dropped from vessel on the sea bed, the anchor strikes on the sea bed, and then, the anchor penetrates to certain depth into the sea bed. In this case, sometimes submarine facilities on/under the sea bed may be damaged by the strike or the maximum penetrating depth of anchor. In this paper, some approximate equations on the strike and the penetrating depth of anchors have been derived on the basis of actual data, and the results are expected to use as basic design data of related facilities.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.185-190
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• 2007

The biggest cause of submarine cable fault is fishing activity such as 70% by anchor of fishing boats and occurs within 200m the depth of water. It needs a regulation for protection of submarine cable from the fishing boats and construction of cable at shore-end. This paper is studying a plan and regulation to install the construction among the subsee users, and the burial technique of submarine cable at shore-end suggests to manage from company to government.

• The Science & Technology
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• no.5 s.408
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• pp.54-58
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• 2003

미국의 이라크 침공으로 원유가가 90년 이라크의 쿠웨이트 침공이후 최고치를 기록한 가운데 지구촌의 경제가 춘래불사춘의 지경에 이르고 있다. 아직도 에너지원의 상당부분을 화석연료에 의지하고 있는 상황에서 각국은 이제 대체에너지의 실용화를 그 어느 때보다 절실하게 고려하기 시작했다. 세계 원유생산량의 25%를 사용하면서 세계 최대의 원유비축량을 자랑하는 미국 조차 외국에 대한 에너지 의존이 국가안보에 좋지 않다면서 대체에너지 확보에 열을 올리고 있다. 에너지 4대수입국인 우리나라로서는 취약한 에너지 안보 상황을 하루 빨리 해결하기 위해서라도 대체에너지의 실용화를 진지하게 진지하게 고민해야 한 때다. 미국 콜로라도주 덴버에 있는 에너지 컨설팅 회사 넥스트웨이브 에너지사의 리처드 스투비 사장은 "지금이야말로 대체에너지 실용화의 적기"라고 힘주어 말하고 있다. 다시 고조되고 있는 지구촌의 대체에너지 개발붐을 계기로 대체에너지의 효용과 채택 전망 등을 알아본다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.9-15
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• 2002

Ship operators use anchor dredging for the collision avoidance or safety of ship handling in a harbour or narrow channel. This paper clarifies the technique of the anchor dredging known as a common sense for. the seafarers A mathematical model at low speed range is established for the estimation of ship motion under the assumed environment, simulate the advance speed , and turning ability under the anchor dredging or not. The results shows good agreement with the conventional seamanship and their experiences as follows. Ahead speed used the anchor dredging is slower(speed reduction ratio:40%) than the normal ahead speed and the stopping distance is shorter (distance reduction ratio:40%)than the normal ahead distance without the anchor dredging.. Turning speed used anchor dredging is slower(speed reduction ratio:72%)than the normal ahead speed and the tactical diameter is shorter(distance reduction ratio:24%)than the diameter by the normal turning without the anchor dredging.

• Proceedings of KOSOMES biannual meeting
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.127-134
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• 2002

Ship operators are used to dredge anchor for the collision avoidance or safety of ship handling in a harbour or narrow channel. This paper clarifies the technique using tile anchor dredging known as a common sense for the seafarers. A mathematical model at low speed range has been established for the estimation of ship motion under the assumed environment , simulate the advance speed , and turning ability under the anchor dredging or not. The results shows good agreement with the conventional seamanship and their experiences as follows. Ahead speed used the anchor dredging is slower(speed reduction ratio:40%) than the normal ahead speed and the stopping distance is shorter (distance reduction ratio:40%)than the normal ahead distance without the anchor dredging. Turning speed used anchor dredging is slower(speed reduction ratio:72%)than the normal ahead speed and the tactical diameter is shorter(distance reduction ratio:24%)than the diameter by the normal turning without the anchor dredging.

• The Journal of Natural Sciences
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.49-56
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• 1998

The survey of the macrobenthic animals near Hwasoo wharf, Inchon, Korea was carried out during October, 1995 through September, 1996. Polychaeta was the most dominant taxons were Mollusca and Crustacea. Only one species of Echinomermata, Protankyra bidentata, was collected. Capitella capitata collected from site 1 indicates that the site was more polluted, and Heteromasmus sp. collected from sites 2 and 3 suggests that these sites were polluted with organic materials.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2013.06a
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• pp.426-428
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• 2013

울산항처럼 정박지가 외해에 위치한 항만의 경우 기상예보도 없이 갑작스런 돌풍이 불게 되면 정박선들의 닻 끌림으로 인한 위험은 물론 정박지를 항해하는 선박들과의 충돌위험에 노출되게 된다. 본 논문에서는 돌발적인 기상악화로 정박지에서 발생하는 위험의 유형에 대해 살펴보고, 기상악화에 대한 사전 대비가 왜 어려운지에 대해 고찰하였다. 그에 대한 해결 방안으로 정박지에서의 선박들의 안전을 위한 해상교통관제센터의 돌풍 대비 운영 매뉴얼을 개정하는 방법을 제시하였다.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.53 no.1
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• pp.28-38
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• 2023

Purpose: This study aimed to provide a theoretical basis for career anchors of nurses by defining and organizing its concept. Methods: Using the Walker and Avant concept analysis, a total of 29 articles were analyzed through a literature search in this study. Results: The career anchors of nurses are individual career choice motives, a self-concept where in competency and values are harmonized, which act as a desire for growth and development in nursing, and are actions that maintain careers. Additionally, they indicate the direction for achieving individual career goals and act as a core value expected of nurses by nursing organizations, indicating continuous and integrated professional growth and development of the nursing profession. Conclusion: The career anchors of nurses identified in the results contribute to securing patient safety, providing quality care through policies, institutionalizing bases for career development, preventing nurse turnover, and retaining skilled nurses.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2008

Submarine cable is the most important IT infrastructure for international communication across oceans. However, a cable fault rarely happens by ship's anchor, fishing gears, submarine earthquake, and so on, and we need to improve on repair time for the reducing expenses of cable repair ship as well as the stability of high-capacity submarine optical network. There are several kinds of cable faults such as Shunt fault, Cable cut, Open fault and Fiber break. When a fault is occurred, cable landing stations(CLS) have to analysis failure quickly and accurately to find the type and the location of a cable fault. During the repair period, CLS should swiftly perform the tests requested by cable repair ship. In order to make rapid progress on cable repair, CLS test technique is very important. So, in order to reduce the repair time, this paper is studying the CLS test techniques of locating a submarine cable fault and of checking the splicing point performed by cable repair ship.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.13 no.11
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• pp.1657-1666
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• 2010

Underwater wireless sensor networks (UWSN) need stable efficient data transmission methods because of environmental characteristics such as limited energy resource, limited communication bandwidth, variable propagation delay and so on. In this paper, we explain an enhanced hybrid transmission method that uses a hexagon tessellation with an ideal cell size in a two-dimensional underwater wireless sensor network model (2D) that consists of fixed position sensors on the bottom of the ocean. We also propose an energy efficient sensing and communication coverage method for effective data transmission in a three-dimensional underwater wireless sensor network model (3D) that equips anchored sensors on the bottom of the ocean. Our simulation results show that proposed methods are more energy efficient than the existing methods for each model.