• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.137-140
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• 2008

Puimonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis is very rare, especially when accompanied by active pulmonary. tuberculosis. A patient was hospitalized due to excessive dyspnea and she was diagnosed with active pulmonary tuberculosis by a sputum AFB smear. The HRCT taken after hospitalization showed multiple micronodules and tiny cysts. An open lung biopsy confirmed the coexistence of pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.39 no.4 s.179
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• pp.385-402
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• 2006

Paleomagnetic studies have made remarkable contributions to the understanding of many geological aspects of Korea for the last 40 years, such as the collisional processes of Korean Peninsula, the development of basins in relation with fault systems, the opening and evolution of the East Sea, and the reconstruction of paleogeographic configuration. These contributions have played an important role in the escalation of geology in Korea by elucidating the mechanisms on Processes of fragmentation and amalgamation of the Peninsula, mountain building, igneous activities, metamorphism, and folding and faulting based on the view of plate tectonics. This paper is intended to introduce and summarize the paleomagnetic research papers designed to decipher the tectonic processes of Korea, according to the geologic ages of the studied rocks.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.489-493
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• 2019

Obesity is increasing in our country due to lack of lifestyle and physical activity. Semi-automatic program is used in existing fat calculation program using computed tomography. Although methods for solving related problems have been proposed, this study proposes an algorithm using morphology operation and We want to solve the problem with a new method that has a simple procedure and a relatively small amount of computation. As a result of repetition of erosion and expansion Automatic fat mass calculation can be done in the future by using the developed partitioning result. By providing an accurate segmentation tool, it will be helpful to doctors and reduce the expense and inspection cost of retesting. through morphology operation, it was found that the problem was solved from the image.Automatic fat mass calculation can be done in the future by using the developed partitioning result. By providing an accurate segmentation tool, it will be helpful to doctors and reduce the expense and inspection cost of retesting.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 2000

Heaving of road and subsidence of slope took place at the Wiri region of the local highway 999 in Gyeongsangbukdo, Korea after heavy rain in the next year of construction. Although the state government had performed remedial treatments by reducing the angle and the height of the slope, deformation had never stopped. Therefore, we have preformed the analysis of deformation and stabilityof the slope. Study area consists of the Cretaceous shale, siltstone and sandstone and two faults are found. The major deformation occurred by sliding of rock mass along faults after heavy rain because not only thepore pressure at the fault plane and the unit weight of sliding mass increased, but did the shearstrength of saturated fault clay become very low. The decrease in shear strength of saturated fault clayis the major factor among the reasons for deformation. Numerical simulations using limit equilibriummodel, finite difference model and finite element model were performed for eight cross sections.Although safety factors are above 1.7 during the dry season, they become below 1.0 when groundwaterlevel raises to surface. The maximum displacement is about 15-3Ocm. However, safety factors increasedto above 2.4 and the maximum displacement is below 2.08cm after remedial treatment, Indicating thatthe slope becomes stable.

• Korean Journal of Mineralogy and Petrology
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.377-386
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• 2022

In addition to anthropogenic origins, fluorine (F) is naturally enriched in rocks due to geological events, such as magma dissemination, hydrothermal alteration, mineralization, and fault activities. Generally, it has been well known that F is chiefly enriched in the region of igneous and metamorphic rocks, and biotite granite was mostly distributed in the study area. The F enrichment mechanism was not sufficiently elucidated in the previous studies, and the study on a fault zone was conducted to reveal it more precisely. The mineral composition of the fault zone was identical to that of the Eulwangsan biotite granite (EBG), but they were quantitatively different between the two areas. Compared with the EBG, the fault zone showed relatively higher contents of quartz and F-bearing minerals (fluorite, sericite) but lower contents of plagioclase and alkali feldspar. This difference was likely due to hydrothermal mineral alterations. The results of microscopic observations supported this, and the generation of F-bearing minerals by hydrothermal alterations was recognized in most samples. Accordingly, it might be interpreted that the mineralogical and petrological differences observed in the same-age biotite granite widely distributed in the Yongyudo was caused by the hydrothermal alterations due to small-scale geological events.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.388-393
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• 1999

Background: Correct preoperative staging of esophageal cancer is a prerequisite for adequate treatment. We prospectively compared the accuracy of positron emission tomography (PET) with [fluorine-18]FDG in the staging of esophageal cancer to that of computed tomography (CT). Material and Method: The findings of FDG PET and of chest CT including lower neck and the upper abdomen of 20 biopsy-proven squamous cell carcinoma patients (male, 19; female, 1; mean age, 61) were compared with the pathologic findings obtained from a curative esophagectomy with lymph node dissection. Result: The sensitivities of FDG PET and CT for diagnosis of primary tumor were the same, 90.0% (18/20). Both FDG PET and CT failed to show the primary tumor in 2 of 20 patients; one had a 1cm sized carcinoma in situ and the other had T1 stage cancer. By using the results of the pathologic examinations of 193 removed lymph node groups, we calculated the diagnostic sensitivities, specificities and accuracies of PET and CT (*$\chi$2 p < 0.005). Sensitivity** Specificity Accuracy* PET 55.6%(30/54) 97.1%(135/139) 85.5%(165/193) CT 13.0%(7/54) 98.6%(137/139) 74.6%(144/193) One of four patients with a false-positive for PEThad had active pulmonary tuberculosis. Among the 24 tumor involved lymph node groups, PET failed to show tumor metastasis in 5 lymph node groups abutting the tumor and in 14 lymph node groups located where the decay correction was not performed. Conclusion: Based on the above findings, it is suggested that [F-18]FDG-PET is superior to CT in the detection of nodal metastases and in the staging of patients with esophageal cancer.

• The Journal of the Petrological Society of Korea
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• v.15 no.4 s.46
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• pp.180-193
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• 2006

The Gilan area in the central-northern part of Uiseong Block of Cretaceous Gyeongsang Basin is composed of Precambrian metamorphic rocks, Triassic Cheongsong granite, Early Cretaceous Hayans Group, and Late Cretaceous-Paleocene igneous rocks. In this area, the faults of various directions are developed: Oksan fault of $NS{\sim}NNW$ trend, Gilan fault of NW trend, Hwanghaksan fault of WNW trend, and Imbongsan fault of EW trend. Several fracture sets with various geometric indicators, which determine their relative timing (sequence and coexistence relationships) and shear sense, we well observed in the Cheongsong granite, the basement of Gyeongsang Basin. The aim of this study is to determine the development sequence of extension fractures and the movement sense of shear fractures in the Gitan area on the basis of detailed analysis of their geometric indicators (connection, termination, intersection patterns, and cross-cutting relations). This study suggests that the fracture system of the Gilan area was formed at least through seven different fracturing events, named as Pre-Dn to Dn +5 phases. The orientations of fracture sets show (W) NW, NNW, NNE, EW, NE in descending order of frequency. The orientation and frequency patterns are concordant with those of faults around and in the Gilan area on a geological map scale. The development sequence and movement sense of fracture sets are summarized as follows. (1) Pre-Dn phase: extension fracturing event of $NS{\sim}NNW$ and/or $WNW{\sim}ENE$ trend. The joint sets of $NS{\sim}NNW$ trend and of $WNW{\sim}ENE$ trend underwent the reactivation histories of sinistral ${\rightarrow}$dextral${\rightarrow}$sinistral shearing and of (dextral${\rightarrow}$) sinistral shearing with the change of stress field afterward, respectively. (2) Dn phase: that of NW trend. The joint set experienced the reactivations of sinistral${\rightarrow}$dextral shearing. (3) Dn + 1 phase: that of $NNE{\sim}NE$ trend. The joint set was reactivated as a sinistral shear fracture afterward. (4) Dn +2 phase: that of $ENE{\sim}EW$ trend. (5) Dn +3 phase: that of $WNW{\sim}NW$ trend. (6) Dn+4 phase: that of NNW trend. The joint set underwent a dextral shearing after this. (7) The last Dn +5 phase: that of NNE trend.

• The Journal of the Petrological Society of Korea
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.153-171
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• 2018

This study focuses on the investigation of geologic distribution and stratigraphy in the eastern part of Yeongdeok-gun, based on Lidar imaging, detailed field survey, microscopic observations, SHRIMP and LA-MC-ICPMS U-Pb age dating, and a new geological map has been created. The stratigraphy of the study area is composed of the Paleoproterozoic metamorphic rocks consisting of banded gneisses of sedimentary origin and schists ($1841.5{\pm}9.6Ma$) of volcanic origin, Triassic Yeongdeok plutonic rocks ($249.1{\pm}2.3Ma$) and Pinkish granites ($242.4{\pm}2.4Ma$), Jurassic Changpo plutonic rocks ($193.2{\pm}1.9Ma{\sim}188.8{\pm}2.0Ma$) and Fine-grained granites ($192.9{\pm}1.7Ma$), Formations [Gyeongjeongdong Fm, Ullyeonsan Fm. (~108 Ma), Donghwachi Fm.] of the Early Cretaceous Gyeongsang Supergroup and acidic volcanic rocks and dykes erupted and intruded in the Late Cretaceous, Miocene intrusive rhyolitic tuffs ($23.1{\pm}0.2Ma{\sim}22.97{\pm}0.13Ma$) and sedimentary rocks of the Yeonghae basin, and the Quaternary sediments. The Triassic Pinkish granites, Jurassic Changpo plutonic rocks and Fine-grained granites are newly defined plutonic rocks in this study. Miocene intrusive rhyolitic tuffs bounded by the Yangsan Fault, which was first discovered in the north of Pohang city, are believed to play an important role in the understanding of the Miocene volcanic activity and the crustal deformation history on the Korean Peninsula. It is confirmed that The NNE-SSW-striking Yangsan Fault penetrating the central part of the study area and branch faults are predominant in the dextral movement and cutting all strata except the Quaternary sediments.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.37-42
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• 2003

Purpose : Computed tomographic equipment is essential for diagnosis by means of radiation. With passage of time and development of science computed tomographic was developed time and again and in future examination by means of this equipment is expected to increase. In this connection these authors measured rate of scatter ray generation at front of lead glass for patients within control room of computed tomographic equipment room and outside of entrance door for exit and entrance of patients and attempted to ind out method for minimizing exposure to scatter ray. Material and Method : From November 2001 twenty five units of computed tomographic equipments which were already installed and operation by 13 general hospitals and university hospitals in Seoul were subjected to this study. As condition of photographing those recommended by manufacturer for measuring exposure to sauter ray was use. At the time objects used DALI CT Radiation Dose Test Phantom fot Head (${\oint}16\;cm$ Plexglas) and Phantom for Stomache(${\oint}32\;cm$ Plexglas) were used. For measurement of scatter ray Reader (Radiation Monitor Controller Model 2026) and G-M Survey were used to Survey Meter of Radical Corporation, model $20{\times}5-1800$, Electrometer/Ion Chamber, S/N 21740. Spots for measurement of scatter ray included front of lead glass for patients within control room of computed tomographic equipment room which is place where most of work by gradiographic personnel are carried out and is outside of entrance door for exit and entrance of patients and their guardians and at spot 100 cm off from isocenter at the time of scanning the object. The results : Work environment within computed tomography room which was installed and under operation by each hospital showed considerable difference depending on circumstances of pertinent hospitals and status of scatter ray was as follows. 1) From isocenter of computed tomographic equipment to lead glass for patients within control room average distance was 377 cm. At that time scatter ray showed diverse distribution from spot where no presence was detected to spot where about 100 mR/week was detected. But it met requirement of weekly tolerance $2.58{\times}10^{-5}\;C/kg$(100 mR/week). 2) From isocenter of computed tomographic equipment to outside of entrance door where patients and their guardians exit and enter was 439 cm in average, At that time scatter ray showed diverse distribution from spot where almost no presence was detected to spot with different level but in most of cases it satisfied requirement of weekly tolerance of $2.58{\times}10^{-6}\;C/kg$(100 mR/week). 3) At the time of scanning object amount of scatter ray at spot with 100 cm distance from isocenter showed considerable difference depending on equipments. Conclusion : Use of computed tomographic equipment as one for generation of radiation for diagnosis is increasing daily. Compared to other general X-ray photographing field of diagnosis is very high but there is a high possibility of exposure to radiation and scatter ray. To be free from scatter ray at computed tomographic equipment room even by slight degree it is essential to secure sufficient space and more effort should be exerted for development of variety of skills to enable maximum photographic image at minimum cost.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.52 no.5
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• pp.323-336
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• 2019

The Mesozoic activity on the Korean Peninsula is mainly represented by the Triassic post-collisional, Jurassic orogenic, and Cretaceous post-orogenic igneous activities. The diversity of mineralization by each geological period came from various geothermal systems derived from the geochemical characteristics of magma with different emplacement depth. The Cretaceous metallic mineralization has been carried out over a wide range of time periods from ca. 115 to 45 Ma (main stage; ca. 100 to 60 Ma) related to post-orogenic igneous activity, and spatial distribution patterns of most metal deposits are concentrated along small granitic stocks. The late Cretaceous metal deposits in the Gyeonggi and Yeongnam massifs are generally distributed along the boundary among the Gongju-Eumseong fault system and the Yeongdong-Gwangju fault system and the Gyeongsang Basin, most of them are in the form of a distal epithermal~mesothermal Au-Ag vein or a transitional mesothermal Zn-Pb-Cu vein. On the other hand, diverse metal commodities in the Taebaeg Basin, the Okcheon metamorphic belt and the Gyeongsang Basin are produced from various deposit types such as skarn, carbonate-replacement, vein, porphyry, breccia pipe, and Carlin type. In the late Cretaceous metallic mineralization, various mineral deposits and commodities were induced not only by the pathway of the hydrothermal solution, but also by the diversity of precipitation environment in the proximity difference of the granitic rocks. The diversity of these types of Cretaceous deposits is fundamentally dependent on the geochemical characteristics such as degree of differentiation and oxidation state of related igneous rocks, and ore-forming fluids generally exhibit the evolutionary characteristics of intermediate- to low-sulfur hydrothermal fluids.