Korean Journal of Mineralogy and Petrology (광물과 암석)

The Petrological Society of Korea & The Mineralogical Society of Korea (한국암석학회 & 한국광물학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Elucidation of the Enrichment Mechanism of the Naturally Originating Fluorine Within the Eulwangsan, Yongyudo: Focusing on the Study of the Fault zone

용유도 을왕산 자연기원 불소의 부화기작 규명: 단층대 연구를 중심으로

  • Lee, Jong-Hwan (Department of Geology and Research Institute of Natural Science (RINS), Gyeongsang National University (GNU)) ;
  • Jeon, Ji-Hoon (Department of Geology and Research Institute of Natural Science (RINS), Gyeongsang National University (GNU)) ;
  • Lee, Seung-Hyun (Department of Geology and Research Institute of Natural Science (RINS), Gyeongsang National University (GNU)) ;
  • Kim, Soon-Oh (Department of Geology and Research Institute of Natural Science (RINS), Gyeongsang National University (GNU))
  • 이종환 (경상국립대학교 자연과학대학 지질과학과 및 기초과학연구소) ;
  • 전지훈 (경상국립대학교 자연과학대학 지질과학과 및 기초과학연구소) ;
  • 이승현 (경상국립대학교 자연과학대학 지질과학과 및 기초과학연구소) ;
  • 김순오 (경상국립대학교 자연과학대학 지질과학과 및 기초과학연구소)
  • Received : 2022.08.26
  • Accepted : 2022.09.20
  • Published : 2022.09.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

In addition to anthropogenic origins, fluorine (F) is naturally enriched in rocks due to geological events, such as magma dissemination, hydrothermal alteration, mineralization, and fault activities. Generally, it has been well known that F is chiefly enriched in the region of igneous and metamorphic rocks, and biotite granite was mostly distributed in the study area. The F enrichment mechanism was not sufficiently elucidated in the previous studies, and the study on a fault zone was conducted to reveal it more precisely. The mineral composition of the fault zone was identical to that of the Eulwangsan biotite granite (EBG), but they were quantitatively different between the two areas. Compared with the EBG, the fault zone showed relatively higher contents of quartz and F-bearing minerals (fluorite, sericite) but lower contents of plagioclase and alkali feldspar. This difference was likely due to hydrothermal mineral alterations. The results of microscopic observations supported this, and the generation of F-bearing minerals by hydrothermal alterations was recognized in most samples. Accordingly, it might be interpreted that the mineralogical and petrological differences observed in the same-age biotite granite widely distributed in the Yongyudo was caused by the hydrothermal alterations due to small-scale geological events.

불소는 인위적 기원 외에 마그마 분화작용, 열수변질작용, 광화작용, 단층 활동과 같은 지질학적 기원에 의해 자연적으로 암석 내 부화될 수 있다. 일반적으로 화성암 및 변성암이 분포하는 지역에서 고농도의 불소가 산출되는 것으로 알려져 있으며, 연구지역은 흑운모화강암이 주로 분포하는 지역이다. 그러나 선행연구에서 자연기원 불소의 부화기작에 대한 규명이 부족했고 이를 보다 명확히 규명하기 위해 단층대에 대한 연구를 수행하였다. 을왕산 흑운모화강암과 단층대 암석의 구성 광물은 동일하지만 정량적인 차이가 나타난다. 석영과 불소함유광물(형석, 견운모 등)은 높은 함량으로 존재하며, 사장석과 알칼리장석은 낮은 함량으로 존재한다. 이러한 차이는 열수에 의한 광물의 변질작용 때문인 것으로 판단된다. 현미경 관찰 결과 또한 열수에 의한 불소함유광물의 생성이 대부분의 시료에서 관찰된다. 따라서 용유도 등지에 넓게 분포하는 동일한 연령의 흑운모화강암의 암석·광물학적인 차이는 소규모 지질학적 사건에 의한 열수변질작용에 의한 것으로 해석할 수 있다.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

This research was supported by Korea Environment Industry and Technology Institute (KEITI) through the Subsurface Environment Management (SEM) Project funded by Korea Ministry of Environment (MOE) (grant number: 2018002440002).

References

  1. An, J., Kim, J. and Yoon, H.O., 2013, A Review on the analytical techniques for the determination of fluorine contents in soil and solid phase samples. Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment, 18(1), 112-122. https://doi.org/10.7857/JSGE.2013.18.1.112
  2. Ayoob, S. and Gupta, A.K., 2006, Fluoride in Drinking Water: A Review on the Status and Stress Effects. Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology, 36, 433-487. https://doi.org/10.1080/10643380600678112
  3. Cai, Y.C., Fan, H.R., Santosh, M., Hu, F.F., Yang, K.F. and Li, X.H., 2018, Decratonic gold mineralization: Evidence from the Shangzhuang gold deposit, eastern North China Craton. Gondwana Research, 54, 1-22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gr.2017.09.009
  4. Camargo, J.A., 2003, Fluoride toxicity to aquatic organisms: a review. Chemosphere, 50, 251-264. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0045-6535(02)00498-8
  5. Chae, G.T., Koh, D.C. and Choi, B.Y., 2008, The origin and geochemical behavior of fluoride in bedrock groundwater: a case study in Samseung area (Boeun, Chungbuk). The Journal of Engineering Geology, 18(4), 555-566.
  6. Cho, D.L. and Lee, S.B., 2016, Geological report of the Muhak-Jumundo-Yongyudo sheets (1:50,000). Korea Institute of Energy and Resources, Seoul.
  7. Cho, D.L. and Lee, S.B., 2017, 1:100,000 tectonostratigraphic map of the Gimpo-Incheon area, map 1: solid geology interpretation. Korea Institution of Geoscience and Mineral Resources.
  8. Choo, C.O., Kim, J.T., Chung, I.M., Kim, N.W. and Jeong, G.C., 2008, Geochemical aspects of groundwater in granite area and the origin of fluoride with emphasis on the water-rock interaction. The Journal of Engineering Geology, 18(1), 103-115.
  9. Dehbandi, R., Moore, F. and Keshavarzi, B., 2018, Geo-chemical sources, hydrogeochemical behavior, and health risk assessment of fluoride in an endemic fluorosis area, central Iran. Chemosphere, 193, 763-776. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.11.021
  10. Edmunds, W.M. and Smedley, P.L., 2013, Fluoride in natural waters. In Essentials of medical geology, Springer, Dordrecht, 311-336.
  11. Fawzy, K.M., 2017, The genesis of fluorite veins in Gabl El Atawi granite, Central Eastern Desert, Egypt. Journal of African Earth Sciences, 146, 150-157. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2017.03.025
  12. Finch, E.G. and Tomkins, A.G., 2017, Fluorine and chlorine behaviour during progressive dehydration melting: Consequences for granite geochemistry and metallogeny. Journal of Metamorphic Geology, 35, 739-757. https://doi.org/10.1111/jmg.12253
  13. Hassaan, M.M., Sakr, S.M., Elsherif, A.M., Saied, M., El Shahat, O.R. and El Naggar, A.R., 2018, Genetic affiliations of Wadi El-Sherm El-Qibli alkali feldspar granite intrusion and the co-magmatic hydrothermal activity, Eastern desert, Egypt. Egyptian Journal of Geology, 62, 201-217.
  14. Hwang, J., 2001, Fluorine distribution and attenuation of groundwater within limestone and granite from Keumsan-Wanju fluorite mineralized zone. Economic and Environmental Geology, 34(1), 105-117.
  15. Hwang, J., 2002, Geochemistry of groundwater in limestone and granite of Hwanggangri fluorite mineralized area. Journal of the Korean earth science society, 23(6), 486-493.
  16. Jacks, G., Bhattacharya, P., Chaudhary, V. and Singh, K.P., 2005, Controls on the genesis of some high-fluoride ground-waters in India. Applied Geochemistry, 20, 221-228. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2004.07.002
  17. Kajdas, B., Michalik, M.J. and Migon, P., 2017, Mechanisms of granite alteration into grus, Karkonosze granite, SW Poland. Catena, 150, 230-245. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2016.11.026
  18. Kim, D.Y. and Choi, S.J., 2014, SHRIMP U-Pb ages of the Yongyudo biotite granites. The Journal of the Petrological Society of Korea, 23(4), 393-403. https://doi.org/10.7854/JPSK.2014.23.4.393
  19. Kim, K.H., Yun, S.T., Chae, G.T., Kim, S.Y., Kwon, J.S., and Koh, Y.K., 2006, Hydrogeo-chemical evolution related to high fluoride concentrations in deep bedrock ground-waters, Korea. Economic and Environmental Geology, 39(1), 27-38.
  20. Lee, J.H., Jeong, J.O., Kim, K.K., Lee, S.W. and Kim, S.O., 2018, Origin of fluorine contained in rocks within the Eulwangsan, Yongyudo. Economic and Environmental Geology, 51(6), 521-529. https://doi.org/10.9719/EEG.2018.51.6.521
  21. Lee, J.H., Jeong, J.O., Kim, K.K., Lee, S.W. and Kim, S.O., 2019, Geochemical Study on the Naturally Originating Fluorine Distributed in the Area of Yongyudo and Sammokdo, Incheon. Economic and Environmental Geology, 52(4), 275-290. https://doi.org/10.9719/EEG.2019.52.4.275
  22. Lim, G.H., Lee, H.G., Kim, H.S., Noh, H.J., Ko, H.W., Kim, J.I., Jo, H.J. and Kim, H.K., 2018, Evaluation of Fluoride Distribution, Fate and Transport Characteristics in Soils. Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment, 23(6), 90-103. https://doi.org/10.7857/JSGE.2018.23.6.090
  23. Magotra, R., Namga, S., Singh, P., Arora, N. and Srivastava, P.K., 2017, A New Classification Scheme of Fluorite Deposits. International Journal of Geosciences, 8, 599-610. https://doi.org/10.4236/ijg.2017.84032
  24. Mikkonen, H.G., van de Graaff, R., Mikkonen, A.T., Clarke, B.O., Dasika, R., Wallis, C.J. and Reichman, S.M., 2018, Environmental and anthropogenic influences on ambient background concentrations of fluoride in soil. Environmental Pollution, 242, 1838-1849. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2018.07.083
  25. Morad, S., El-Ghali, M.A.K., Caja, M.A., Sirat, M., AlRamadan, K. and Mansurbeg, H., 2010, Hydrothermal alteration of plagioclase in granitic rocks from Proterozoic basement of SE Sweden. Geological Journal, 45, 105-116. https://doi.org/10.1002/gj.1178
  26. Na, K.H., Yun, I.C. and Lee, J.B., 2010, The Validation Study of Auto Anlysis Method Combined with Aqua Regia Digestion for Fluorine of Soil. Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment, 15(5), 8-15.
  27. Nadoll, P., Rehm, M., Duschl, F., Klemd, R., Kraemer, D., and Sosnicka, M., 2018, REY and Trace Element Chemistry of Fluorite from Post-Variscan Hydrothermal Veins in Paleozoic Units of the North German Basin. Geosciences, 8, 283. https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences8080283
  28. Nagendra Rao, C.R., 2003, Fluoride And Environment- A Review. In: Bunch, M.J.V., Suresh, M., Kumaran, T.V. (eds) Proceedings of third international conference on environment and health. York University, Chennai, India, 386-399.
  29. Oh, H.J. and Lee, J.Y., 2003, A Study on the characteristical evaluation of metals and fluorine concentrations in the southern part of Seoul. Journal of Soil and Ground Water Environment, 8(4), 68-73.
  30. Ozsvath, D.L., 2009, Fluoride and environmental health: a review. Rev Environ Sci Biotechnol, 8, 59-79. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11157-008-9136-9
  31. Peckham, S., Lowery, D. and Spencer, S., 2015, Are fluoride levels in drinking water associated with hypothyroidism prevalence in England? A large observational study of GP practice data and fluoride levels in drinking water. J Epidemiol Community Health, 69(7), 619-624. https://doi.org/10.1136/jech-2014-204971
  32. Srivastava, A. and Lohani, M., 2015, Fluorine, a Dreaded element: A review on occurrence of fluorine in environment and its standard methods of analysis. International Journal of Environment Research and Development, 5, 7-21.
  33. Wang, L.X., Ma, C.Q., Zhang, C., Zhu, Y.X. and Marks, M.A., 2018, Halogen geochemistry of I- and A-type granites from Jiuhuashan region (South China): Insights into the elevated fluorine in A-type granite. Chemical Geology, 478, 164-182. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2017.09.033
  34. Yadav, N., Rani, K., Yadav, S.S., Yadav, D.K., Yadav, V.K. and Yadav, N., 2018, Soil and Water Pollution with Fluoride, Geochemistry, Food Safety Issues and Reclamation-A Review. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 7(5), 1147-1162.
  35. Yousefi, M., Ghoochani, M. and Mahvi, A.H., 2018, Health risk assessment to fluoride in drinking water of rural residents living in the Poldasht city, Northwest of Iran. Ecotoxicology and environmental safety, 148, 426-430. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.10.057
  36. Zuo, H., Chen, L., Kong, M., Qiu, L., Lu, P., Wu, P., Yang, Y. and Chen, K., 2018, Toxic effects of fluoride on organisms. Life sciences, 198, 18-24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lfs.2018.02.001