• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
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• 제10권6호
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• pp.443-447
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• 1999

To investigate the effect of a shaded apodizer on the read-out signal in an optical disc system, we consider the is apodizer in which the amplitude transmittance decreases gradually from the center of pupil toward its edge and the iH apodizer in which the amplitude transmittance increases gradually from the center of pupil toward its edge, using the scalar diffraction theory. We also consider the bump shapes which are a cylindric, a semi-conic, and a conic bump, and bump height which is given by $\lambda/4$ and occurs to the phase change $(\pi)$). The read-out signal of is apodizer increases from S = 0 upto maximum value, and then decreases for increasingly larger values of bOo While the iH apodizer has two maximum values. When an optical disc system has a spherical aberration $(W_{40}=0.5\lambda)$, the maximum read-OUt signal of is apodizer is higher than that of iv apodizer which has no apodizer.odizer.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• 제21권9호
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• pp.218-228
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• 2020

The material industry is an important infrastructure industry that uses process technology in order to produce parts applied to the final product and determine the quality of the finished product. However, the market environment, which has been recognized as a 3D industry, has deteriorated recently and lost competitiveness compared to other material industry countries. This study analyzed the characteristics of forging companies and The study found that three characteristics of the forging industry, facility-oriented, order-based, and field-centered, and internal failure cost and external failure costs were set as the range of quality cost. A total of eight quality tasks were selected by applying the quality cost management system and continuous quality improvement process developed for large-scale A forging company, and improvement activity proved its effectiveness reducing quality costs by 63.3% compared to the previous year. The research helps forging companies establish a quality management strategy by systematically managing and analyzing quality costs.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• 제37권6호
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• pp.738-747
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• 2021

This study attempted to investigate the metallurgical characteristic through material scientific analysis of hammer scale produced as a direct smelting method restoration experiment for each raw material of iron. To this end, four hammer scale groups were set up, respectively, by experimenting with Gyeongju-Gampo Iron sand and Yangyang Iron ore. For the analysis, principal component analysis, compound analysis, microstructure observation, and chemical composition were confirmed. As a result of principal component analysis, as forging and refining progressed, the content of Fe increased and the content of non-metallic objects decreased. As a result of compound analysis, iron oxide-based compounds were identified. As a result of confirming microstructure and chemical composition, Wüstite and Fayalite were observed overall, and agglomerated Wüstite were observed in some. Magnetite on shape of polygon and pillar was observed. In addition, it was confirmed that internal defects, impurities, and non-metallic interventions gradually decreased. In the future, it is necessary to investigate the metallurgical characteristic through material scientific analysis of hammer scale produced through restoration experiments using various raw material of iron, and compare them with those excavated from Iron manufacture ruins.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Technology of Plasticity Conference
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• 한국소성가공학회 2009년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.338-341
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• 2009

In this paper, three-dimensional finite element approach to determining the number of blows in hammer forging is presented. Energy efficiency which is a major factor affecting the number of blows in hammer forging is assumed to decrease linearly as die-material contact area increases. The approach is applied to predicting the number of blows in counterblow hammer forging of large crank shaft for medium sized ship engine.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• 제21권7호
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• pp.1081-1088
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• 1997

The purpose of this work is to investigate the working limit of carbon steel and forging condition of cold forging. The fracture criteria which was proposed by Oyane and Osakada was used. Compression test, hardness study and tension test by Oyane's creteria, microstructure study by Osakada's were carried out. The results were compared with each other. It was found that working limit on compressive hydrostatic stress is increased in comparison with that of tensile stress field and can be forecasted the fracture limit of closed cold forging.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.896-907
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• 1995

Titanium 6242(.alpha. + .betha.) alloy has a good strength/weight ratio and is used for aircraft components such as engine disks and compressor blades. When this material is forged at an elevated temperature, the process parameters should be carefully controlled because the process window of this material is quite narrow. In the present investigation, a rigid-thermoviscoplastic finite element method is used to predict the deformation behavior and temperature/strain distributions in an engine disk during near-net shape hot forging. The purpose of the investigation is to obtain a proper ram speed profile, assuming the hydraulic press used in the forging is capable of varying ram speed during loading. In result, it was found that the ram speed at constant strain-rate of 0.5/sec shows a sound deformation behavior, a relatively uniform deformation and a good temperature distribution. This information is also valuable in predicting resulting microstructures in the disk.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers Conference
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• 한국추진공학회 1997년도 제8회 학술강연회논문집
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• pp.87-94
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• 1997

로켓트 추진기관 단조부품용 $\psi$ 370mm급 알루미늄합금 7175 빌레트의 국산화개발과 관련한 용해주조기술 현황과, 합금설계와 미량원소첨가가 품질과 제작수율개선에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 미량의 Be첨가는 용탕의 유동성을 개선하고 미세기공량을 감소시켜 단조성을 개선할 것으로 기대되며, 불순물인 Fe/Si 비를 제어하면 주조균열생성을 크게 억제하는 것으로 나타났다. 현재의$\psi$370mm합금 빌레트의 품질수준은 전반적으로 양호하지만, 단조품의 최종물성 개선과 용해주조 조건 정립을 위한 합금설계, 열해석 등의 체계적인 연구와 노하우습득이 필수적으로 요구되며, 이는 향후 예상되는$\psi$ 650급의 대형빌레트의 개발과 7050적용에 이용될 것으로 판단된다.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• 제33권10호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2005

Based on the monotonicity preserving concept, a new limiter, which is applicable to an arbitrary grid system, is developed. This new limiter preserves accuracy and monotonicity on an arbitrary grid system and it is also applicable to spectral volume concept. Numerical experiments for 1-D and 2-D flow show the characteristics of the new limiter.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems Conference
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• 한국퍼지및지능시스템학회 2005년도 추계학술대회 학술발표 논문집 제15권 제2호
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• pp.171-174
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• 2005

기존의 클러스터 평가 지표(cluster validation index)는 클러스터의 개수가 커질수록 클러스터 평가 지표 값이 단조 감소하는 경향을 보인다. 최근에 이러한 단점을 보완하는 새로운 클러스터 평가 지표가 본 논문 저자중의 하나에 의해 제안되었으나, over-clustering의 단점 을 지니고 있다. 본 논문에서는, 클러스터 평가 지표 값이 단조 감소 및 over-clustering을 방지할 수 있는 새로운 클러스터 평가 지표를 제안하고, 여러 가지 예제를 통하여 새롭게 제안된 평가 지표의 타당성을 보인다.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 대한기계학회 2001년도 춘계학술대회논문집C
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• pp.627-632
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• 2001

Nimonic 80A superalloy with high-temperature strength and high corrosion-resistance is used in jet engine for aircraft, gas turbine for power plant and marine diesel engine, etc. To develop the manufacturing process of exhaust valve for large diesel engine using Nimonic 80A, various mechanical tests, such as hot compression, microstructure and hardness test have been performed. This results effectively used to set the reasonable forging conditions while hot forging of Nimonic 80A superalloy. Open die and closed die forging experiments are carried out from ESR ingot and finally get a good shaped exhaust valve product.