• Proceedings of the Korean Nutrition Society Conference
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• 1994.05a
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• pp.48-48
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• 1994

• Proceedings of the Korean Nutrition Society Conference
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• 1994.05a
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• pp.49-49
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• 1994

• Proceedings of the Korean Nutrition Society Conference
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• 2000.11a
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• pp.71-71
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• 2000

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.267-274
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• 2010

The objective of this experiment was to investigate effects of total mixed ration (TMR) of different nutrition level on milk production in dairy goats (Sannen). Twenty four lactating goats were randomly assigned to one of four TMRs; medium energy-medium crude protein (CP) TMR (control), high energymedium CP TMR (T1), medium energy-high CP TMR (T2) and high energy-high CP TMR (T3). The content of total digestible nutrients (TDN) and CP in the control diet were 67.0% and 13.9%. The TDN content of the high energy TMR was 73.7% and the CP content of the high CP TMR was 15.3%. Milk yield was significantly (P<0.05) higher for T1 ($2,198{\pm}115 ml$) than for T2 ($1,742{\pm}52 ml$) and T3 ($1,984{\pm}90 ml$). But there were no significant differences in milk composition between the treatments. Daily body weight gain was increased in T1 and T3 but reduced in control and T2. The result of the present study showed that dietary energy level supplied more than that of NRC recommendation did not affect milk yield of dairy goats in early lactation but prevented body weight loss.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.8-15
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• 2008

Saussurea lappa (SL) has been used to reduce abdominal pain and tenesmus in traditional oriental medicine. SL and major compounds of SL, sesquiterpene lactones, have been suggested to possess various biological effects, including anti-tumor, anti-ulcer, anti-inflammatory, anti-viral and cardiotonic activities. Recently, it has been reported that ethanol extracts from roots of SL have antiproliferative effects on gastric cancer cells. To explore the possibility that SL has chemopreventive effects on prostate cancer, we examined whether the hexane extract of SL (HESL) inhibits the growth of LNCaP human prostate cancer cells. Cells were incubated with various concentrations ($0{\sim}4$ mg/L) of HESL in DMEM/F12 containing 5% charcoal stripped fetal bovine serum. HESL substantially decreased viable cell numbers and induced apoptosis of LNCaP cells in dose-dependent manners. HESL increased the levels of cleaved caspase-8, -9, -7 and -3, and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase. HESL increased the levels of the pro-apoptotic Bak and truncated-Bid proteins whereas it had no effect on the anti-apoptotic Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, or Mcl-1. The present results indicate that HESL inhibits the growth of human prostate cancer cells by inducing apoptosis, which involves the activation of the caspase cascades.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.69-80
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• 2010

Hypocholesterolemic effect of soy protein was examined in comparison with casein and three other dietary protein sources in chicks. In two feeding trials, 40 (Expt.1) or 50 (Expt. 2), three-day-old, male chicks were forced-fed each of five semi-purified-type diets containing isolated soy protein (ISP, cp 82%), casein (cp 92%), rice protein (RP, cp 70%), corn gluten meal (CGM, cp 65%) or fish meal (FM, cp 70%) for two weeks. The diets for Expt. 2 were supplemented with 0.3% cholesterol by replacing glucose. Each protein source was the only source of protein of each diet. Essential amino acids were added to the diets to satisfy their requirements according to NRC. The diets were forced-fed to equalize the intake of all nutrients except the amino acids which were inherently variable in the diets. Chicks fed casein showed lower body weight gain than those fed the other proteins in both experiments. Birds fed ISP and FM gained better body weight than the others. Chicks fed casein showed significantly higher levels of plasma total cholesterol, non-HDL cholesterol and triacylglycerol (TG) than those fed ISP and the other protein sources. Meanwhile, the chicks fed ISP, RP, CGM and FM showed comparable levels of plasma total cholesterol, non-HDL cholesterol and TG. In Expt. 2, the birds fed casein and FM showed markedly elevated plasma total cholesterol and non-HDL cholesterol levels. Liver weight and levels of total lipids and cholesterol of chicks fed casein appeared significantly higher than those of the other protein diets, whereas those of the chicks fed ISP, RP, CGM and FM appeared comparable except cholesterol in FM group. In conclusion, only the chicks fed casein diets in both experiments always showed significantly higher levels of plasma cholesterol and TG compared to those fed ISP and the other protein sources. These results support the views that casein, which has unique lysine-arginine ratio, is inherently hyper-cholesterolemic, and ISP is hypocholesterolemic only when compared to casein.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.28 no.9
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• pp.1007-1015
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• 2018

The E6-associated protein (E6AP) is known to induce the ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of HCV core protein and thereby directly impair capsid assembly, resulting in a decline in HCV replication. To counteract this anti-viral host defense system, HCV core protein has evolved a strategy to inhibit E6AP expression via DNA methylation. In the present study, we further explored the mechanism by which HCV core protein inhibits E6AP expression. HCV core protein upregulated both the protein levels and enzyme activities of DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1), DNMT3a, and DNMT3b to inhibit E6AP expression via promoter hypermethylation in HepG2 cells but not in Hep3B cells, which do not express p53. Interestingly, p53 overexpression alone in Hep3B cells was sufficient to activate DNMTs in the absence of HCV core protein and thereby inhibit E6AP expression via promoter hypermethylation. In addition, upregulation of p53 was absolutely required for the HCV core protein to inhibit E6AP expression via promoter hypermethylation, as evidenced by both p53 knockdown and ectopic expression experiments. Accordingly, levels of the ubiquitinated forms of HCV core protein were lower in HepG2 cells than in Hep3B cells. Based on these observations, we conclude that HCV core protein evades ubiquitin-dependent proteasomal degradation in a p53-dependent manner.

• Proceedings of the KSAR Conference
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• 2003.06a
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• pp.37-37
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• 2003

본 연구실에서는 체세포복제 수정란 이식우의 분만전후 태아와 모체 및 태반과의 내분비적인 관계를 검토하기 위해 복제수정란 이식우의 분만 전후에 있어서, 혈중progesterone 과 TGF-$\beta$$_1$ 수준을 분석한 결과 정상우의 분만직전과 달리 혈중progesterone 및 TGF-$\beta$$_1$ 농도는 감소되지 않고 높은 수준을 그대로 유지되어 복제수정란이식우의 경우 정상적인 분만 signal이 나타나지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구는 체세포 복제소 수정란 이식우에 있어서 태반조직의 특성을 정상우의 동일한 시기의 태반과 비교 검토하였으며 분만시기에 있어서 태반의 역할을 검토하였다. 태반은 복제란 이식우 및 정상우 임신우를 술을 실시하여 태반을 채취하여 실험에 공시하였다. 정상우의 임신기간중 혈중 progesterone 농도는 임신초기와 중기에 다소 증가되어 유지되다가 임신말기에는 급격한 progesterone의 감소현상과 더불어 분만이 유기되는 것으로 나타났으나 복제우의 경우 분만예정일 직전까지 progesterone의 급격한 감소는 일어나지 않고 높은 농도로 유지되는 현상을 보였다. 이때 제왕절제 수술중 제대근방에 있는 태반궁부를 적출하여 중량을 측정한 결과 정상우의 궁부에 비해 유의적으로 무거웠으며, 이것은 태아의 중량과 정의 상관관계가 있음이 확인되었으며 태아 및 궁부의 중량이 무거울수록 분만 전후의 태아사망율이 높은 것으로 나타났다 이때의 궁부를 조직학적으로 검토한 결과, 복제우의 태반궁부는 정상우의 궁부에 비해 cytotrophoblast 및 syncytiotrophoblast가 적었으며 치밀하지 못한 형태를 확인할 수 있었다. 이때의 태반조직를 이용하여 세포질을 추출하여 단백질양상을 검토한 결과, 정상태반에 비해 복제태반은분자량 90kd, 65kd 및 18kd의 특이단백질이 존재하고 있음을 확인할 수 있었으며 이들 단백질을 HPLC system에 의해 분리한 결과 fraction 2와 3에서 특이한 단백질을 분리하였다. 이와 같이, 복제우의 태반에는 정상적인 임신과 분만을 비롯하여 복제송아지의 생존에 중요한 인자가 관여하고 있을 확인할 수 있었다.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.296-303
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• 1993

Response surface methodology was employed to investigate the conditions for separating water-soluble proteins from egg yolk using sodium alginate, propylene glycol alginate (PGA), sodium carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) and pectin which are approved as food additives. Effects of plysaccharide concentration and pH of the reaction system on protein and lipid contents in the supernatant were evaluated at respectively five and three levels of concentration and pH using rotatable hexagon design. Statistical analysis showed that pH of the system was a more important factor than polysaccharide concentration as it significantly affected all two responses. Separating conditions established by a graphical optimization technique were $0.23{\sim}0.25%$ of sodium alginate at $pH\;5.9{\sim}6.0$, $0.15{\sim}0.17%$ of PGA at $pH\;4.3{\sim}4.5$, $0.30{\sim}0.25%$ of CMC at pH 3.0, and $0.09{\sim}0.10%$ of pectin at $pH\;5.6{\sim}5.8%$.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.231-235
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• 2000

The changes of calmodulin levels, calmodulin-binding proteins, and $Ca^{2+}$/calmodulin-dependent glutamate decarboxylase during the growth of tobacco suspension cells were investigated. Tobacco cells exhibited a typical growth curve, including an exponential growth phase between 3 and 5 days after inoculation, and an apparent stationary phase occurring after 5 day. Although slight changes were observed from sample to sample, calmodulin protein levels remained similar during the phases of culture growth. Several $Ca^{2+}-dependent$ calmodulin-binding proteins including 56, 46, 36, and 32-kDa proteins were detected in tobacco cell extracts. The 56-kDa protein was identified as glutamate decarboxylase by Western-blot analysis using an anti-GAD monoclonal antibody. The levels of GAD protein and the specific activity of GAD enzyme were highest during the middle exponential phase of the culture growth cycle. These data suggest that $Ca^{2+}$/calmodulin-dependent glutamate decarboxylase is modulated during the growth of tobacco suspension cells.