• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.38-42
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• 1993

The objectives of this experiment were to suggest that the suitable mixture type for the herbage use under an intensive system of short-term pasture utilization in fallow land. The field trials were conducted over a 3-year (1989∼1991) period to evaluate the effects of mixture types (pure stands; orchardgrass (OG), simple mixtures; orchardgrass (OG) + red clover (RC), and complex mixtures (C. Mix; orchardgrass + tall fescue + Kentucky bluegrass + ladino clover) on the herbage yield and quality. Mean total dry matter yields per hectare over the three years were higher for OG + RC as 11,849 kg than for OG as 10,709 kg and for C. Mix as 11,371 kg (P<0.05). The concentrations of crude protein were not different among treatments while the concentrations of organic matter digestibility in total herbage over the three years from OG + RC were higher than OG (P<0.05). The total herbage crude protein yields were higher for OG + RC as 2,231 kg than for OG as 1,816 kg and for C. Mix as 2,053 kg (P<0.01). The total herbage digestible organic matter yields were higher for OG + RC as 7,147 kg than for OG as 6,116 kg and for C. Mix as 6,817 kg (P<0.05). On the other hand, organic matter intake per kg were different among the treatments, while organic matter intake per live weight kg from OG + RC as 338 g and C. Mix as 392 g were higher than from OG as 377 g (P<0.01). From the results, it could be considered that OG + RC simple mixture was suitable for the intensive short-term pasture utilization in the fallow land.

• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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• v.5 no.1 s.9
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• pp.147-157
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• 1997

A national program for GIS Training had been established by a feasibility study which was performed during the period of from July, 1995 through April, 1996 initiated by Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST). Systems Engineering Research Institute (SERI), one of government-supported institutes in the fields of software development, have taken in charge of Korean GIS training program with emphases on short courses since July, 1996. To distinguish these national programs from those of major commercial GIS software vendor, GIS training programs by executing staffs within SERE have been established with the basis of its own educational paradigm; therefore, they was composed of several specific training curricular developed by executing staffs. In this paper, the practical aspects during execution and progress of these programs are described, and all courses named after decision maker course, GIS manager course, and user course in the first year of GIS training program are evaluated with questionnaire result riven to the trainees. As results, the satisfaction-rate after the decision maker, the GIS manager, and the user course is 84.8%, 81.2%, and 66.7% respectively These whole results are shown as more affirmative ones than expected, and each result, as a kind of feedback of this executing program, plays an important role to flourish Korean GIS training project in future.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.143-154
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• 2012

As demand of water resources and attentions to changes in climate (e.g., due to ENSO) increase, long/short term prediction of precipitation is getting necessary in water planning. This research evaluated the ability of MM5 to predict precipitation in the Tampa Bay region over 23 year period from 1986 to 2008. Additionally MM5 results were statistically bias-corrected using observation data at 33 stations over the study area using CDF-mapping approach and evaluated comparing to raw results for each ENSO phase (i.e., El Ni$\tilde{n}$o and La Ni$\tilde{n}$a). The bias-corrected model results accurately reproduced the monthly mean point precipitation values. Areal average daily/monthly precipitation predictions estimated using block-kriging algorithm showed fairly high accuracy with mean error of daily precipitation, 0.8 mm and mean error of monthly precipitation, 7.1 mm. The results evaluated according to ENSO phase showed that the accuracy in model output varies with the seasons and ENSO phases. Reasons for low predictions skills and alternatives for simulation improvement are discussed. A comprehensive evaluation including sensitivity to physics schemes, boundary conditions reanalysis products and updating land use maps is suggested to enhance model performance. We believe that the outcome of this research guides to a better implementation of regional climate modeling tools in water management at regional/seasonal scale.

• Geotechnical Engineering
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.7-18
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• 1989

In pile load tests on end bearing piles, generally, it is not possible to continue loading to the ultimate load. Thus, the concept of yield load has been introduced for determining design loads Iron the pile load test records. The conventional rules to determine the yield load were not available for evaluation on pile load test records obtained in 6 fields nearby westers 8r Southern Coasts in Korea. A new rule 9.as presented to determine easily the yield load, based on investigations on the pile load test records. The yield load of piles is determined at the infiection point on semi-logarithmic coordinates (P-logS), in which load is plotted in normal scale and settlement is plotted in logarithmic scale. This method may not only save much costs and times but also present safe luorking circumstances for pile load tests in field. It was found that the yield load represented the elastic limit of the pile load-settlement behalf.iota. The ultimate load, which is given at 25.4mm settlement on pile head, was 1.5 times of the yield load. The allowable long-term and short-term load capacities were, respectively, 50% and 75% of the yield load. The safety factors to get the allowable pile capacity were obtained as 2.0~4.0 for the equations to predict the static pile capacity.

• The Korean Journal of Pharmacology
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.88-95
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• 1986

Clinically, subhypnotic doses of barbiturates have been known to elicit hyperalgesia. In this experiment, effect of acute or chronic phenobarital treatment on the response to pain in rat was reevaluated by hot-plate method. To elucidate its mechanism, changes of ${\beta}-endorphin$ contents and [3H]-morphine binding of the rat midbrain as well as functional opiate receptor in vas deferens were also measured. Intraperitoneal injection of sub anesthetic dose phenobarbital induced initial hyperalgesia followed by successive analgesia, while chronic phenobarbital-treatment decreased reactivity to pain. Naloxone (10mg/kg, i.p.) markedly shortened hot plate latency period, and significantly inhibited the analgesic action of phenobarbital. Single dose of phenobarbital did not affect ${\beta}-endorphin$ contents and [3H]-morphine binding in rat mid brain, but in the chronic phenobarbital-treated groups, ${\beta}-endorphin$ contents was increased, while Bmax of opiate receptor binding was decreased. Moreover, very significant correlations among responses to pain, changes of ${\beta}-endorphin$ contents and opiate receptor binding were observed. However, Kd values of opiate receptor bindings were not changed in all preparations. In the chronic phenobarbital-treated vas deferens preparations, ID50 of morphine was increased witb concomittant decrease of maximum effect. But $pA_2 $, value for naloxone was not changed. From these results, it is suggested that phenobarbital can produce analgesia due to changes of ${\beta}-endorphin$ contents as well as functional opiate receptors by receptor regulation.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.808-814
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• 2010

In this paper we executed a SBL(Short Baseline) underwater acoustic positioning system that is a kind of underwater position estimation system to estimates the 3-dimensional position of ROV(Remotely Operated Vehicle) using hydrophones and DAQ(Data Acquisition) system in the basin which dimensions are $3{\times}3{\times}1.7(m)$. For this experiment, we let 4 hydrophones in different positions of the basin for receiver and 1 hydrophone is fixed on the underwater vehicle for transmitting sensor(pinger). These five hydrophones are communicated with each other to find the 3-D positions of the moving ROV in the basin. The measured signals are collected by DAQ system and the positions of the ROV are plotted by LabView program in real-time. To estimate the position of the ROV we used a trigonometric method. In X and Y plane the estimated data has a small errors but in Z plane the estimated data has large errors so we cannot use this data for position control. One solution of this problem is using depth sensor that implemented of the underwater vehicle. Hereafter, we will test in the ocean using designed SBL system.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.289-299
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• 2009

This study set out to analyze the perceptions of investigative police officers and division police officers regarding Police Investigation Specialization, which had been in effect for four years, identify the problems, and search for alternative policies. The results led to the following alternative policies; first, the communication among the members should be facilitated by trading the jobs between investigative policemen and division members in certain percentage regularly, integrating job education and special work, and developing diverse support programs for detective activities to provide them with opportunities to experience and understand investigation. The second suggestion concerns the investigation members' morale. There should be a range of measures to boost their moral such as allocating separate budget and personnel to support the investigation department and the treatment of major criminal and civil cases, giving each investigation team an office and investigation room to improve their working environment, readjusting the promotion ratio of Police Investigation Specialization to introduce a promotion system proper for each investigation's characteristics. The third suggestion is to secure job efficiency. It's required to reinforce the current short-term specialized education program to bring up practical and professional investigators, open the certification exam of professional investigators to all members so that every policeman can have their abilities recognized and approved as long as they have the demanded capabilities, and create a system of shedding off the members idle at work by reflecting low performance records when evaluating the members to decide who to dismiss from Police Investigation Specialization. And finally, it's important to divide duties rationally. The rationality of duties division can be guaranteed by setting the guidelines for direct handling for the team leader to help him devote himself to his duties, defining objective criteria of measuring investigation workload, and creating devoted systems and teams for simple and small accidents so that experienced investigators can deal with high-profile cases.

• Proceedings of the KOR-KST Conference
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• 2000.02a
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• pp.3-22
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• 2000

이용자의 경로선택 형태를 모사하는 통행배정모형 결과의 정확도는 교통계획에 상당한 영향을 미친다. 이용자의 경로선택 결정과정에서 가장 중요한 판단기준은 통행시간과 통행요금이다. 그런데 통행요금은 이용자의 경로거리에 따라 다양한 방식으로 부과되므로, 링크를 분석단위로 하는 기존의 통행배정모형은 현실적인 통행요금 반영이 힘들었고 또한 수요예측 결과를 이용한 다양한 분석에서 제약을 받아 왔다. 본 연구는 이러한 배경에서 경로교통량을 도출할 수 있는 경로기반 통행배정모형을 구축하였고, 또한 경로거리에 따라 결정되는 현실적인 통행요금을 반영할 수 있는 알고리즘을 개발하였다. 경로기반 배정모형에서는 GP(Gradient Projection) 알고리즘을 이용하였고, 계산상의 효율성 제고를 위해 K-최단경로 알고리즘 중 MPS(Minimal Path Search) 알고리즘을 이용하였다. 개발된 배정 모형은 현실적인 통행요금을 반영할 수 있으므로 통행배정 결과의 정밀도를 향상시켰을 뿐만 아니라 기존 배정모형에 비해 최적해로의 수렴속도도 개선되는 것으로 나타났다. 본 논문의 배정모형은 경로교통량이 도출되고 통행요금을 반영할 수 있으므로, 통행요금과 통행 거리 관계에 따른 목적함수의 규명과 그에 따른 효과척도를 계량화할 수 있다. 따라서 본 모형은 통행배정에서 실재상황을 보다 현실여건에 맞도록 규명할 수 있고, 기존의 제한적인 효과분석의 문제점을 해결할 수 있으므로 그 활용범위가 넓다. 또한 본 논문은 개발된 배정모형의 적용사례로서 고속도로 수요관리 요금체계 개선방안을 제시하였다. 기존의 고속도로 통행요금 산정 방법은 이론적 근거가 미약했던 반면, 본 논문에서 개발된 배정모형과 고속도로 수요관리 요금체계 개선방안은 고속도로 통행료 결정에 대한 과학적이고 합리적인 분석방법을 제공하였다.한 민감도 분석을 실시한 결과 대안1의 경우 교통량의 변화 및 화물통행의 시간가치의 증가시 사회적 편익이 오히려 감소하였고, 대안2와 3의 경우 사회적 편익이 증가하는 것을 알 수 있었다. 이는 경부고속도로의 화물차량의 구성비에 따라 대안 1의 경우 오히려 화물차의 통행시간이 증가함에 그 원인이 있다 할 것이다. 이상과 같은 결론을 통하여 경부고속도로상의 화물전용차선의 설치시는 수답렬 교통량의 구성비와 구간 평균교통량에 의하여 그 효과가 다르게 나타남을 알 수 있었다. 따라서 물류비용 절감차원에서의 화물전용차선의 설치는 본 연구에서 나타낸 방법과 같이 수단간의 경제적 편익을 고려한 구간별 시간대별 효과분석을 통하여 정책의 시행여부가 결정되어야 할 것이다. 한편, 화물전용차선의 설치로 인한 물류비용의 절감을 보다 효과적으로 달성하기 위해서는 종합류류 전산망의 시급한 구축과 함께 화물차의 적재율을 높이고 공차율을 낮출 수 있는 운송체계의 수립이 필요한 것으로 판단된다. 그라나 이러한 화물전용차선의 효과는 단기적인 치유책일 수밖에 없기 때문에 물류유통 시설의 확충을 위한 사회간접자본의 구축을 서둘러 시행하여야 할 것이다.으로 처리한 Machine oil, Phenthoate EC 및 Trichlorfon WP는 비교적 약효가 낮았다.>$^{\circ}$E/$\leq$30$^{\circ}$NW 단열군이 연구지역 내에서 지하수 유동성이 가장 높은 단열군으로 추정된다. 이러한 사실은 3개 시추공을 대상으로 실시한 시추공 내 물리검층과 정압주입시험에서도 확인된다.. It was resulted from increase of weight of single cocoon. "Manta"2.5ppm produced 22.2kg of co

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.11
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• pp.157-165
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• 2018

Companies conduct R&D for continuous development and enhancement of corporate value, and obtain patents as an intangible asset resulting from this process. This study screened 103 medical device firms whose R&D information, patent information, and management performance information were all published to determine how R&D activities and patents affect corporate operational performance. The number of patents, R&D costs, company type and Inno-Biz of the company were set as independent variables, and the companies' sales, intangible assets, operating profit ratios, net profit margins, corporate ratings and profit-related financial ratios were used as dependent variables. The results confirmed that R&D expenditure had negative (-) effects on most indicators, including sales volume, operating profit ratio, and net profit ratio, while it had positive (+) [ED highlight - these are unnecessary if negative and positive are also written out.] effects only on intangible assets. Additionally, domestic patents were found to have negative (-) effects on sales, cash flow ratings, and dropped capital return, and positive (+) effects on net profit growth. Moreover, the business performance variables affected by the company characteristics were sales volume and cash flow ratings. The medical device industry is dominated by small and medium-sized businesses Although research and development activities and patents have been shown to have a negative impact on corporate management in the short term, they are expected to have a positive long-term impact when reflecting the characteristics of the medical device industry that must undergo clinical trials and authorization procedures after R&D.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.38 no.11
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• pp.43-54
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• 2022

The settlement at the railroad foundation is often the leading cause of track irregularity and potential derailment. The control of such deformation is considered necessary in track maintenance practice. Nevertheless, the monitoring process performed by in situ surveying requires an excessive amount of manpower and cost. The InSAR, a remote sensing technique by RADAR satellite, is used to overcome such a burden. The PS-InSAR technique is preferred for a long-term precise monitoring method. However, this study aims to obtain relatively brief analysis results from only two satellite images using the D-InSAR technique, while a minimum of 25 images are required for PS-InSAR. This study verifies the precision of D-InSAR within a few millimeters by inspecting railroad facilities and land settlements in Korea Railroad Research Institute's test track with images from TerraSAR-X Satellite. Multiple corner reflectors were adopted and installed on an embankment and the building roof to raise the surface reflectivity. Those reflectors were slightly adjusted periodically to verify the detecting performance. The results revealed the optimum distance between corner reflectors. Further, the deformation of railway tracks, slopes, and concrete structures was analyzed successively. In conclusion, this study indicates that the D-InSAR technique effectively monitors the short-term deformation of a broad area such as railway structures.