• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.330-349
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• 2021

This research primarily aims to analyze several implications of a deep-seated cultural yearning for traditional heritage and gentrification through exploring the recently increasing interest in Hanok, the traditional housing in urban areas of Korea. We tend to consider gentrification as the impetuous and massive change of urban space drawn from high developmental pressure. However, this kind of understanding of gentrification makes us ignore the dialectical process and complexities of mutual interactions of various subjects in urban space. By exploring the renovation of Hanok housings and the Hanok preservation area designated by the Seoul metropolitan government, this study investigates how the varying degrees of urban subjects' perspectives and practices impact gentrification in the way of plural and dialectical process. Also, it discusses what implications urban change could have by preserving traditional architectures for cultural place-making in urban space.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.14 no.1_spc
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• pp.153-166
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to investigate middle school student's self-directed learning(SDL) using a hierarchical linear modeling. By considering variances of SDL at individual and school level, the student's SDL was explained in terms of school quality as well as individual efforts. For the HLM analysis, participation in private tutoring, teacher's support for SDL, caring students' individual needs, and participation in extra curriculum activities were explored at individual level. At school level, school SES, quality of national curriculum implementation, and parental support for school were utilized. The results of analysis showed that more than 95% of variance of SDL was explained by variables at individual level. Among the variables at individual level, private tutoring was not a significant variable explaining the SDL. Based upon the results, multiple regression analyses by background variables were also conducted. By interpreting the results of analyses, the impact of school quality and individual efforts on the SDL was discussed.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2006.06b
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• pp.217-219
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• 2006

전체적인 관점으로 국가 과학기술 R&D를 조망하는 국가 과학기술 R&D 기반정보 온톨로지는 인력정보, 과제정보, 성과정보를 포함하며 여러 URI들과 연계된다. 본 논문에서는 기존의 단일 URI 체계가 아닌 시스템 적이고 다층적인 국가 과락기술 R&D 기반정보 온톨로지의 인스턴스 레벨에 필요한 다중 URI 관리 및 서비스 시스템을 구현한다. 본 시스템은 관리적인 측면에서 웹 인터페이스 기반 URI 등록과 조회를, 서비스 측면에서 URI 질의중심의 웹서비스를 제공한다. 기존 정보(KISTI의 KOI, 학술진흥재단의 부서 및 기관, 국가과학기술인력 종합정보시스템의 인력DB)와 연계를 기반으로 가용성 및 재사용성을 높이고 신규정보를 위한 URI 생성규칙을 제공함으로써 URI 관리 및 서비스 시스템 완성도를 높였다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2014.02a
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• pp.236.2-236.2
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• 2014

세계 반도체 시장은 컴퓨터 기능이 더해진 모바일 기기의 수요가 증가함에 따라 메모리반도체의 시장규모가 최근 빠른 속도로 증가했다. 특히 모바일 기기에서 저장장치 역할을 하는 비휘발성 반도체인 NAND Flash Memory는 스마트폰 및 태블릿PC 등 휴대용 기기의 수요 증가, SSD (Solid State Drive)를 탑재한 PC의 수요 확대, 서버용 SSD시장의 활성화 등으로 연평균 18.9%의 성장을 보이고 있다. 이러한 경제적인 배경 속에서 NAND Flash 미세공정 기술의 마지막 단계로 여겨지는 1Xnm 공정이 개발되었다. 그러나 1Xnm Flash Memory의 생산은 새로운 제조설비 구축과 차세대 공정 기술의 적용으로 제조비용이 상승하는 단점이 있다. 이에 따라 제조공정기술을 미세화하지 않고 기존의 수평적 셀구조에서 수직적 셀구조로 설계 구조를 다양화하는 기술이 대두되고 있는데 이 중 Flash Memory의 대용량화와 수명 향상을 동시에 추구할 수 있는 3D NAND 기술이 주목을 받게 되면서 공정기술의 변화도 함께 대두되고 있다. 3D NAND 기술은 기존라인에서 전환하는데 드는 비용이 크지 않으며, 노광장비의 중요도가 축소되는 반면, 증착(Chemical Vapor Deposition) 및 식각공정(Etching)의 기술적 난이도와 스텝수가 증가한다. 이 중 V-NAND 3D 기술에서 사용하는 박막증착 공정의 경우 산화막과 질화막을 번갈아 증착하여 30layer 이상을 하나의 챔버 내에서 연속으로 증착한다. 다층막 증착 공정이 비정상적으로 진행되었을 경우, V-NAND Flash Memory를 제조하기 위한 후속공정에 영향을 미쳐 웨이퍼를 폐기해야 하는 손실을 초래할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 V-NAND 다층막 증착공정 중에 다층막의 두께를 가상 계측하는 알고리즘을 개발하고자 하였다. 증착공정이 진행될수록 박막의 두께는 증가하여 커패시터 관점에서 변화가 생겨 RF 신호의 진폭과 위상의 변화가 생긴다는 점을 착안하여 증착 공정 중 PECVD 장비 RF matcher와 heater에서 RF 신호의 진폭과 위상을 실시간으로 측정하여 데이터를 수집하고, 박막의 두께와의 상관성을 분석하였다. 이 연구 결과를 토대로 V-NAND Flash memory 제조 품질향상 및 웨이퍼 손실 최소화를 실현하여 제조 시스템을 효율적으로 운영할 수 있는 효과를 기대할 수 있다.

• Journal of Christian Education in Korea
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• v.61
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• pp.61-80
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• 2020

This study mark a high complexity of the field, which is further enhanced by the fact, that these discussions are transposed into religious education and professionalism research relating to religious education teachers. It seriously considers very unique semantics and practice of leadership emerge then, crosswise and as a background to the educational hermeneutics. Obviously, besides didactic implications, professional ethical implications in an elementary sense are also at play here. The researcher will proceed in four steps: Firstly, I examine aspects of professionalism theory, into which, secondly, professional ethical considerations are entered in their significance for the topic of leadership, then deepen this through discourse-theoretical considerations before finally, fourthly, perspectives are opened up.

• Geotechnical Engineering
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.5-12
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• 1985

Ocassionally it is used for simple extensions of Terzahgi's theory to account for time-depend- tint loading but there is little evidence of application in more complicated consolidation theories that take into account such effects as nonlinear stress.strain, layered systems or large strains. The purpose of this paper provides an efficient computer algorthm based on numerical analysis using finite difference method which account for multi-layered soils to determine the degree of consolidation and excess pore pressures relative to time and positions more realistically. The explicitly scheme of solving the consolidation equations has been investigated from the point of view of the stability conditions and the convergence with variance of the operator as well as to obtain an optimal divided depth ratios of total depth. A comparison of the settlement predictions with both the classical analysis and the algorithm based on numerical analysis indicates that the new algorithm scheme is found to be superior to the classical theory in the layered soils.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.40 no.6
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• pp.161-172
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to classify, evaluate and grade the existing highway tunnels to increase landscape and natural statistics keeping the structural safety about tunnel gates area and induce the ones that will be constructed in the future by drawing the improvements and restoring the techniques as an environment-friendly. To examine the types of tunnel gate area, total 54 tunnels were investigated by selecting Gyeongbu Expressway, Yeongdong Expressway, and Jungang Expressway. Tunnel entrances and exit ports were classified as a Wall-closed type and Protruding type, which is based on tunnel gate type. Vegetation Landscape types were classified as Multilayer-Same as the surrounding landscape_(MS), Multilayer-Difference of surrounding landscape_(MD), Single layer-Same as the surrounding landscape_(SS), Single layer-Difference of surrounding landscape_(SD), and a Desolate type which based on vegetation layers and environment-friendly. Potential vegetation recovery was identified based on the structural stability and revegetation potential of the tunnel. The factors include the structural stability of the slope height and slope gradient were selected. Revegetation potential was identified as a growth potential. This factor was used in the step to classify vegetation recovery potential of a tunnel. The result, which investigated the types of tunnel entrances and exit parts has found that the most typical in 33 places was a Wall closed type with 61.1% of the total ones. The case of vegetation landscape types was created but different from the ones surrounding it with 85.2% of the total ones. It is judged that the currently constructed vegetation of tunnel entrance and exit parts had put convenience on the safety and management before landscape consideration. In addition, tunnel entrance and exit parts with excellent potential for vegetation recovery were all Protruding type. In addition, it is judged that slope stability can easily obtain growth. Therefore, entrance and exist of the highway tunnels, which will be constructed in the future, should reflect location and the result of the natural and ecological survey in design by performing it in advance and their types, which minimize the damage area range, should be applied to the local characteristics suitably. In addition, the ecologically healthy tunnel construction should be done by introducing active vegetation recovery techniques based on its safety.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2001.10b
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• pp.130-132
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• 2001

신경망을 이용한 추천 기술은 항목이나 사용자간의 가중치를 학습할 수 있고, 자료 유형에 상관없이 데이터 처리가 용이하다. 또한 최근 연구를 통해서 그 우수성이 입증되고 있다. 그러나 사용자간의 상관관계로 추천하는 사용자 신경망 모델과 항목간의 상관관계로 추천하는 항목 신경망 모델이 서로 다른 관점으로 다른 선호도를 제시한 경우에 선택한 모델의 선호도에 따라 시스템의 성능이 좌우된다. 그러므로 효율적이고 성능이 우수한 추천 시스템을 위해 사용자와 항목 신경망 모델의 통합 방법을 제안한다. 두 모델 사이에 우선 순위를 결정하여 통합하는 순차적 통합 방법과 두 모델을 동시에 고려하는 병렬적 통합방법을 제안한다. 그러나 두 통합 방법은 선호도 예측 기준에 있어서 정적이고, 문제에 대한 적응성이 없다. 그러므로 신경망(퍼셉트론, 다층 퍼셉트론)을 이용한 통합 방법을 제안한다. 또한 퍼지의 소속함수를 이용하여 퍼지 추론를 적용한 통합 방법을 제안하고, 패턴 인식 분야에서 사용하는 BKS 방법을 적응하여 두 신경망 모델을 통합하여 실험한다. 본 논문에서는 사용자와 항목 신경망 모델을 통합함으로써 기존의 추천 기술인 연관 규칙과 단일 신경망 모델을 이용한 추천보다 우수함을 보이고 있다.

• Journal of Science and Technology Studies
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.57-81
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• 2008

This paper reviewed outline of Strategic Niche Management(SNM) and its usefulness and limits as policy tool. SNM is based on Multi Level Perspective(MLP) that traces technological innovation and makes transition of lock-in socio-technical system. This approach is one of systematical then traditional one, market failure approach. SNM had get a attention not only as a analytical frame of technological development, but also tool of radical innovation, although its limits of theoretical and empirical immaturity. SNM could provide a new perspective to analysis and action within urgent needs of alternative innovation policy for aging society, news energy policy for sustainable and disaster policy in danger society.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.66-79
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• 2016

This study looks at spatiotemporal theories regarding the pluralism of time inherent in garden space, and attempts to establish spatiotemporal theories suitable for garden spaces. Based on the established theories, this study analyzes the intimacy of garden spaces by focusing on the objective and subjective time of garden spaces in Derek Jarman's garden through a literature review. The sense of time inherent to a garden space was divided into objective and subjective time. The former refers to ecological time that is quantified and has durability, while the latter indicates time that changes according to the consciousness of the human subject. It also includes time that is emotionalized by the sense of the human subject. This study first interpreted Jarman's garden space from the perspective of objective time. The garden transforms itself into a sensitive space according to Jarman's personal emotions in the current space within objective time, showing the multilayered attributes of space. Therefore, a garden space that exists in objective time is ultimately not objective, and is transformed according to the active reception of the human subject. Next, this study examined Jarman's garden space from the perspective of subjective time. The garden space lost in Jarman's memories and the one in his future illusion turn into a space that connotes abundant meaning according to Jarman's imagination or perception. Therefore, in subjective time, garden space is transformed according to Jarman's consciousness. This study verified that garden space, regardless of whether time is objective or subjective, can create infinite space according to the consciousness or emotions of the human subject beyond the existence of physical space. Since garden space has a unique intimacy unlike urban space, this study presented the uniqueness of garden space with an approach that differs from previous studies on gardens.