• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.583-597
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• 2014

Fire caused by heater has various causes as many as the types of heater. also, lots of damage of human life and property loss are caused, since annually continuous fire accident by heater in traditional market is frequently occurring. There are not many cases of fire due to heater in most of residential facilities such as general house, apartments, etc., because they are supplied with heating boiler, however the restaurant, store and office of the market, sports center, factory, workplace, etc. still use heater, e.g. oilstove, electric heater, etc., so that they are exposed to fire hazard. Also, when investigating the number of fire due to heater, it was analyzed to occur in order of home boiler, charcoal stove, oilstove, gas heater/stove, electric stove/heater, the number of fire per human life damage was analyzed in order of gas heater/stove, oil heater/stove, electric heater/stove, briquette/coal heater. Also, gas and oil related heater were analyzed to have low frequency, however, with high fire intensity. Therefore, this research aimed at considering more scientific fire inspection and identification approach by reenacting and reviewing fire outbreak possibility caused by combustibles' contact and conductivity under the normal condition and abnormal condition in respect of ignition hazard, i.e. minimum ignition temperature, carbonization degree and heat flux along with it, due to oilstove and electric stove, which are still frequently used in public use facility, traditional market, and, of which actual fire occurrence is the most frequent. As the result of reenact test, ignition hazard appeared very small, as long as enough heat storage condition is not made in both test objects(oilstove/electric stove), however carbonization condition was analyzed to be proceeded per each part respectively. Eventually, transition to fire is the ignition due to heat storage, so that it was analyzed to ignite when minimum heat storage temperature condition of fire place is over $500^{\circ}C$. Particularly, in case of quartz pipe, the heating element of electric stove, it is rapidly heated over the temperature of $600^{\circ}C$ within the shortest time(10sec), so that the heat flux of this appears 6.26kW/m2, which was analyzed to result in damage of thermal PVC cable and second-degree burn in human body. Also, the researcher recognized that the temperature change along with Geometric View Factor and Fire Load, which display decrease of heat, are also important variables to be considered, along with distance change besides temperature condition. Therefore, the researcher considers that a manual of careful fire inspection and identification on this is necessary, also, expects that scientific and rational efforts of this research can contribute to establish manual composition and theoretical basis on henceforth fire inspection and identification.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.51 no.2
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• pp.131-147
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• 2018

In the present study, the safety of the near surface disposal facility for low- and intermediate-level radioactive waste (LILW) is examined based on the fluid-flow simulation model. The effects of the structural design and hydrological properties of the disposal system are quantitatively evaluated by estimating the flux of infiltrated water at the boundary of the structure. Additionally, the safety margins of the disposal system, especially for the cover layer and vault, are determined by applying the various scenarios with consideration of possible facility designs and precipitation conditions. The overall results suggest that the disposal system used in this study is sufficiently suitable for the safe operation of the facility. In addition, it is confirmed that the soundness of both the cover layer and the vault have great impact on the safety of the facility. Especially, as shown in the vault degradation scenario, capability of the concrete barrier of the vault make more positive contribution on the safe operation of the facility compared to that of the cover layer.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.187-194
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• 2020

When a human being grew older, followed by visually and perceptually impaired, and dementia, it jeopardizes safety and life unless supportive design is secured for a living environment. This supportive space is based on universal design concept which offers safe-oriented, and simple use by incorporating gender and physical/mental limitation. The study of purppose was to examine the appropriateness of barrier-free standard for seniors' living in apartment through IPA. Chi-square analysis found that satisfaction with BF space is lowered as aging is continued and for female group. Regression analysis indicated that sink was the prime predictor in satisfaction, and stair/elevator was the most important variable. IPA concluded that sink, bath, shower/locker and alert/egress were prime BF indexes to be improved among 14 elements, implying careful design in sanitation area for seniors.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.43-50
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• 2002

21C, Multiplex Cinema Theater is made from movie industry developed and become a place where we can spend our free time and consuming. But, theater users, who are many and unspecified persons, are short of information on the Multiplex Cinema Theater, so that they may be injured or killed at the occurrence of fire accident. Particularly, Multiplex Cinema Theater is a place that underground space or top floor in highrise building had many people in theaters. However, this problem is difficult to solve that to protect human being and properties at the occurrence of fire accident in the Multiplex Cinema Theater, In order to overcome such problems, Multiplex Cinema Theater need fire protection solutions facilities concerning particulars to pay attention to the safety on a fire and evacuation. This study analysed Multiplex Cinema Theater concept and computer simulation for risk point.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.381-388
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• 2013

The study was done to identify factors influencing the health risk behavior of the chronic mental illness in the community. A cross-sectional study design was used in this study. The sample was 255 chronic mentally ill persons from D city and C province and who agreed to participate in the study. Data were collected on August-september, 2011 and analyzed using the SPSS/WIN 20. Stress event, insight and depression had significant correlations with health risk behavior. Hierarchial regression analysis showed gender (men), diagnosis (schizophrenia), stress event, insight and depression together explained 24% of variance in health risk behavior. Findings of this study allow a comprehensive understanding of health risk behavior of the chronic mentally ill persons in community. It is necessary to integrated health promotion programs designed for this population should focus on these factors for effective behavioral modification.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2017.05a
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• pp.120-120
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• 2017

인천지역의 상수도공급은 팔당댐을 취수원으로 하여 도수, 송수관을 거쳐 인천지역 내 정수장을 통하여 각 급수지역까지 일원화된 관로시스템으로 공급되고 있다. 관망에서의 적절한 수압관리, 노후관로 교체사업 등은 급수관망 내 관로 사고위험을 줄일 수 있고, 누수량을 저감하여 무수율의 감소로 이어질 수 있다. 상수관망 내 누수에 영향을 주는 물리적, 운영적 요소를 파악하고, 이를 이용하여 누수해결을 위한 방법론을 제시하는 것은 매우 중요하다. 본 연구에서는 인천시 배수관망 데이터를 활용하여 통계분석 및 인공신경망을 통하여 무수율에 영향을 미치는 인자를 선별하고, 무수율과의 연관성을 분석하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 대상지역에 대한 시설현황 및 운영자료를 취득하고, 무수율 분석에 활용하였다. 인천시의 소블럭을 대상으로 관로노후도, 배수관연장, 평균관경, 급수전당 공급량, 누수발생 횟수, 용도지역, 관망구성 형태 등을 고려하여 무수율과의 관계분석을 위한 통계분석을 수행하였다. 특히 급수에 필요한 최소에너지와 관망에서 공급되는 에너지를 비교하기 위하여 관망해석 프로그램인 EPANET을 이용하여 관망내 절점에서의 수압과 수요량이 적용된 최소공급에너지를 활용하였고, 이를 통하여 블록 내 과잉공급에너지와 무수율의 영향성을 비교하였다. 최종적으로 산출된 주요인자에 대한 주성분분석, 분산분석, 다중회귀분석 등의 통계분석과 인공신경망에 의해 학습된 알고리즘을 통하여 산정된 무수율을 실측 무수율과 비교, 분석하였다. 인공신경망에 의해 산정된 무수율과 실측 무수율의 정확도를 평가하기 위하여 MAE, MSE, PBIAS 등의 정확도 평가와 산점도 분석을 수행하고, 상관계수를 도출하여 가장 정확한 방법을 결정하였다. 분석 결과 통계분석에 의한 다중회귀식으로 산출된 무수율 보다 인공신경망에 의한 무수율이 실측값에 더욱 근접한 것으로 나타났으며 이용된 뉴런의 수의 따라 산출결과가 상이하기 때문에 최적 뉴런의 수를 산정해야 할 필요가 있음을 확인하였다. 특히 사용된 상수관망 주요인자 중 주성분분석을 통하여 선정된 각 성분을 인공신경망에 적용시 더욱 정확한 무수율 예측이 가능한 것으로 나타났다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Fire Science and Engineering Conference
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• 2012.04a
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• pp.109-112
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• 2012

원자력발전소는 타 산업시설에 비해 화재발생 가능성이 낮으나 방사성물질 누출가능성을 최소화하기 위하여 심층방어와 다중방호 설계를 통한 안전성확보가 매우 중요하다. 이를 위해 국내에서는 화재위험도분석(FHA)과 안전정지능력분석(SSA) 및 화재 확률론적안전성분석(Fire PSA)을 수행하고 있으며, 이 중 화재 PSA는 주요 화재구역 선별, 구역별 화재발생빈도 및 기기손상확률 계산, 화재사고 경위분석 및 화재취약성 파악 등을 분석한다. 본 논문에서는 미국 원자력규제위원회(USNRC)와 전력연구소(EPRI)가 공동 연구개발한 화재 PSA 방법론인 NUREG/CR-6850 기법을 적용하여, 화재 PSA에 필요한 화재점화빈도(Fire Ignition Frequency)를 정량적으로 계산하였다. 정확한 결과값을 도출하기 위해 매크로를 이용한 프로그램인 FIFA(Fire Ignition Frequency Analyzer)를 개발하였으며, 향후 국내 원전 화재 PSA 분석업무에 유용하게 사용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.113-120
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• 2019

The disaster and safety R&D budget has continued to increase since 2008, but the fire safety R&D budget is a small part. Therefore, successful outcomes that could lead to the economic growth of the fire safety industry have not been achieved. This paper suggests a fire safety R&D budget expansion, reinforcement of R&D capacity, and performance growing plan by analyzing the factors that affect the performance of a fire safety R&D project. Empirical analysis was performed through one-way ANOVA and regression analysis using the statistical program, SPSS statistics 21.0. As a result, this study suggests that the continuous expansion of R&D funds and the securing of excellent trained research manpower will be necessary to obtain qualitatively superior patents and papers.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.27-38
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• 2021

We devised the system to automatically shutdown the boiler and to fundamentally block the harmful gases, including carbon monoxide, into the indoor when the exhaust system swerves: (1) The discharge pressure of the exhaust gas decreases when the exhaust pipe is disconnected. The monitoring system of the exhaust pipe is implemented by measuring the output voltage of APS(Air Pressure Sensor) installed to control the amount of combustion air. (2) The operating software was modified so that when the system recognizes the fault condition of a flue pipe, the boiler control unit displays the fault status on the indoor regulator while shutting down the boiler. In accordance with the ventilation facility standards in the "Rules for Building Equipment Standards" by the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport, experiments were conducted to ventilate indoor air. When carbon monoxide leaked in worst-case scenario, it was possible to prevent poisoning accidents. However, since 2013, the number of indoor air exchange times has been mitigated from 0.7 to 0.5 times per hour. We observed the concentration exceeding TWA 30 ppm occasionally and thus recommend to reinforce this criterion. In conclusion, if the flue pipe fault detection and the indoor air ventilation system are introduced, carbon monoxide poisoning accidents are expected to decrease significantly. Also when the manufacturing and inspection steps, the correct installation and repair are supplemented with the user's attention in missing flue, it will be served to prevent human casualties from carbon monoxide poisoning.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.15 no.12
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• pp.7380-7384
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• 2014

Evacuation fire doors were manufactured by applying phosphorescent paint to the whole fire door whose performance was already recognized, and applying heat sensitive paint around the grip. The facility was improved by the evacuation and safety functions on the fire door, which has been used as only a fire facility, and the fire door is also used as an evacuation facility. The brilliance of the evacuation safety fire door manufactured in this study passed the brilliance test of Korea Fire Institute with a performance more than the brilliance (7mcd after 60 minutes) of the existing inducement sign. During a fire, the visible area is larger than the evacuation door inducement, etc. and light preventive status in the lower part of the fire door was observed during the descent of smoke. Therefore, it is considered to extend the evacuation effective time of evacuators. In heat sensitive paint applied around the grip, a color change is observed on the fire door when approaching a certain temperature ($70^{\circ}C$). Therefore, the first disaster that evacuators can encounter on the grip of a fire door during a fire can be prevented and should be helpful in recognizing the backfiring possibility and preventing safety accidents for firefighters who must enter a fire space.