• Journal of the Korean Regional Science Association
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.69-88
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• 2020

There has been an increasing attention to social diversity within communities. Previous studies suggest that social diversity is positively related to social trust and social capital that are intimately related to quality of life. Because of the controversy on social segregation that is an opposite concept of social diversity and is a factor negatively affecting quality of life, more studies on the association between social diversity and quality of life should be undertaken. This study employs a multilevel model to examine the association between social capital and quality of life. We analyzed the association using both the pooled sample and samples splitted based on social class. The empirical result shows that the occupational diversity positively affects quality of life while the income diversity negatively affects quality of life. These results provide useful policy implications for setting urban policy directions.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.405-422
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• 2014

Two important issues in hedonic model are to specify accurate model and delineate submarkets. While the former has experienced much improvement over recent decades, the latter has received relatively little attention. However, the accuracy of estimates from hedonic model will be necessarily reduced when the analysis does not adequately address market segmentation which can capture the spatial scale of price formation process in real estate. Placing emphasis on improvement of performance in hedonic model, this paper tried to segment real estate markets in Gangnam-gu and Jungrang-gu, which correspond to most heterogeneous and homogeneous ones respectively in 25 autonomous districts of Seoul. First, we calculated variable coefficients from mixed geographically weighted regression model (mixed GWR model) as input for clustering, since the coefficient from hedonic model can be interpreted as shadow price of attributes constituting real estate. After that, we developed a spatially constrained data-driven methodology to preserve spatial contiguity by utilizing the SKATER algorithm based on a minimum spanning tree. Finally, the performance of this method was verified by applying a multi-level model. We concluded that submarket does not exist in Jungrang-gu and five submarkets centered on arterial roads would be reasonable in Gangnam-gu. Urban infrastructure such as arterial roads has not been considered an important factor for delineating submarkets until now, but it was found empirically that they play a key role in market segmentation.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.272-287
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• 2013

This paper describes the importance of selecting explanatory variables(e.g. land price determinants) in hedonic pricing models employed in predicting real estate price, and explores dynamics of the land price determinants over time. The City of Junju was chosen as the study area, and repeated measured price data of standard lots over 17 years were analyzed. We applied a three-level modeling approach to this data in consideration of its nested data structure and longitudinal characteristics. Main land price determinants we focused on are primarily based on items included in the standard comparison table of land price, which is an official hedonic pricing model used by Government to estimate land price for tax levy. Our result shows that the land price fluctuation over 17 years was not uniform over the whole study area with each neighborhood revealing different price trend, and as such warrants longitudinal model components. In addition, some of determinants previously recognized as important were proved insignificant. It was also found that significant determinants at a particular time point lost its power gradually over time and vice versa. It is expected that more accurate prediction of price would be possible when taken account for this dynamics of price determinants over time in applying hedonic pricing model method.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.571-579
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• 2022

This research empirically analyzed the factors associated with the energy consumption of tourism hotels in Busan, Ulsan, and the Kyoungnam region of Korea based on their individual and locational characteristics. The study adopted a comprehensive modeling approach involving multi-level regression analyses that allowed for improved accuracy by considering the hierarchical structures of the hotels and their locational characteristics. The results indicated that the majority of energy consumption can be explained by the hotels'individual characteristics, including the size of building structure and the services, while their effects vary by region with statistical significance. Furthermore, the proximity to central commercial districts and hotel clusters had a significant influence on the variability in their energy consumption, indicating that locational factors are also important determinants. The findings here suggest the need for regional energy policies and solutions at various urban scales along with conventional energy policies at the building level and highlight regional responsibilities when attempting to create sustainable tourism industries.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.20-32
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• 2013

This study is aimed at identifying the relationship of transit accessibility types to its related travel frequency in the Seoul metropolitan area. A multi-level poisson regression model is employed after categorizing transit accessibility into 18 types based on locations of residential and work workplace. Analysis results offer three policy implications in improving transit use in the Seoul metropolitan area. First, increase in transit ridership can be more effectively attained when policies concerning both competitive and complementary relationships between bus and rail transit are incorporated. Second, transfer system needs to be focused on such two modal perspectives as one travels from Seoul to suburban area and residential areas given the fact that walking accessibility to bus transit is good but that to rail transit is poor. Third, it is more effective to emphasize rail transit priority rather than bus transit, especially for the travel from suburban area to the city of Seoul in order to increase transit ridership.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.342-353
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• 2013

Objectives: It attempted to analyze influencing factors on the utilization of outpatient services which were adopted to predisposing, enabling, and need factors in Anderson model. Methods: The current study analyzed "2007 Korean National Health Nutrition Survey" data, which selected 3,335 people nationwide by proportional systematic sampling. This study analyzed data of persons who used outpatient services in two weeks. It adopted Anderson Model to control contextual factors including socioeconomic factors. The study compared means and fitted logistic regression models and multilevel model. Results: The logistic regression model showed that persons purchased private medical insurance were less likely to use outpatient services than the persons did not purchase private medical insurance. Persons with hypertension and diabetes mellitus, overweight, and problem drinkers were more likely to use outpatient services. Persons with high school graduates or higher in education level and experience of accidents or intoxications were more likely to use outpatient services according to the multilevel analysis of mixed model which treated region as random effect. Conclusion: Higher level of perceived stress increased the probability to use outpatient service than lower level of perceived stress. As number of days a person had exercised increased, the probability to use outpatient service decreased. Overweight and problem alcohol drinking increased the probability of outpatient service use. Further research should be conducted to find more factors influencing outpatient service use.

• Water for future
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.55-69
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• 1994

In order to enhance the short-term flood forecasting accuracy of the water level of the In-do Brdg., three statistical flood forecasting models are presented models are presented and the forecasting accuracies and stabilities of the models are studied. The presented statistical models are as follows: The multi-input model by the multi-regression analysis between the water level of the In-do Brdg. and the influence parameters(Model MM). The two-level multi parameter model according to the water level tendency(Model 2MP). Among the three models, the Model MM showed the lowest forecasting accuracy, the model 2MP showed the highest forecasting accuracy, although this model sometimes became unstable and diverged. The model MMP forecasted the flood less accurately than model 2MP, but it gave more stable forecasting results.

• Journal of the Earthquake Engineering Society of Korea
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.29-36
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• 2001

Same as-built drawings in national roadway bridges in Korea were examined. As a result, many bridge piers were found whose aspect ratios are in the vicinity of 2.5. These columns are expected to do shear-flexure behaviour, but the previous research works considered flexure behaviour columns only. In the study, therefore, a shear-flexure behaviour column was selected as the model pier, and quasi static test on the full and 1/2 scale models was carried out. From the test results, the scale effect on the seismic performance evaluation was analyzed, and the seismic performance of the model bridge pier without seismic details was evaluated by the capacity spectrum method.

• Korean Journal of Labor Studies
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.65-104
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• 2013

This study aims to examine the intermediary roles of employee performance between high performance work system (HPWS) and its operational performance on the resource based view. Taking into account the unit of analysis, this study used a hierarchical linear modeling analysis in order to test rigorously the association between HPWS at the organisational level and employee performance at the individual level. For this empirical test, Human Capital Corporate Panel (HCCP) data including 316 firms and 7,872 respondents (including 923 team leaders) were used. To meet the unit of analysis and test the mediation effect, data at the individual and team level were aggregated into the organisational level. The empirical results show that HPWS have a positive impact on operational performance as well as employee performance such as job satisfaction, organisational commitment and organisational trust. Regarding the mediation effect, job satisfaction and organisational trust mediate between HPWS and operational performance. Theoretical implications are discussed in conclusion.

• Korea journal of population studies
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.1-26
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• 2008

This research examines the effect of area level characteristics on individual health, particularly focusing on the vulnerable populations in Seoul. We consider adult individuals whose family income is under 1.5 million won, who are aged 65 and over, or who have neither spouse nor job but aged 40 and over as vulnerable populations. Using the 2005 Seoul Citizens' Health Interview Survey, we conducted multilevel analyses to simultaneously investigate the effect of area and individual level characteristics on health. Between-area variance of self-rated health status was greater for the elderly population than for all populations. Area material deprivation index and happiness index were associated with the self-rated health of economically disadvantaged populations. Vulnerable populations showed greater between-area variances in emotional health than the same for all populations. Area happiness index, material deprivation index, the proportion of households below poverty line and street safety showed statistically significant association with emotional health. The effect of area characteristics were particularly salient for the emotional health of elderly population and its between area variance was also notable.