• 한국해양학회지
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.130-142
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• 1987

Sedimentological characteristics of the surface sediments in the southern sea off Cheju Island are described from analyses of bottom sediments. The sediments are subdivided into seven textural classes, muddy sand, slightly gravelly muddy sand, sand, clayey sand, sandy clay, sandymud, silty sand. Sand-size sediments are distributed in the southeastern part and/or around the Island, whereas sandy and muddy sediments are mainly distributed in the central and southern parts of the study area. A small portion of mud patch is located in the southwestern part of the area. According to the textural parameters analysis, sediments in the study area are poorly sorted(av.2.52 ), positive skewed(av.1.61 ), leptokurtic(av.1.74 ), transported by saltation and/or suspension, and roundness of quartz is varied from angular to surrounded, which suggesting that the depositional environment is not simple. The calcium carbonate content is on the average 26.99%, and commonly abundant in sand-size sediments, whereas organic matter content in the bulk sediment is on the average 6.70% and usually dominant in fine-grained sediments.Light minerals consist of quartz(av56.01%),Na-Ca feldspar(av.6.15%),K-feldspar(av.9.22%) and rock fragments(av28.11%).The contect onquartz and K-feldspar increases continuously away from the Cheju Island. As a result of geochemical analysis,concentrations of the elements are as follow:Zn:19.42-43.52 ppm (av.30.67ppm),Mn:50-304 ppm(av139.39ppm),Cr:3.54-10.68ppm(av6.50ppm),Pb:5.52-41.68ppm(av.15.60ppm), Co:7.08-14.68ppm (av.10.78ppm),Ni:19.70-42.42ppm(av.29.57ppm),Cu:3.14-9.12ppm(av.5.14ppm),Fe:0.48-2.08% (av1.22%),Ca:0.32-13.16%(av6.60%),Al:0.06-0.08%(av.0.27%),Mg:0.12-0.76%(av.0.53%)na:0.11-0.51%(av.0.36%) Ag:0.48-4.08ppm(av.1.22ppm).Among these elements,the content of Zn,Cu,Cr,Mn,Fe,Al,Mg,Pb and Na increase toward the southwestern area,while the content of Ca and Ag SHOWS the reversed distribution trend.Such a distribution pattern seems to imply that spatial distrivution of heavy metals is closely related to the variation in grain size. X-ray diffractogram show that the minerals in clay from the southwestern mud patch are illite ,chlorite, kaolinte,feldspar and calcite.The bulk of illite in th mud zone is believed to be originated from Huanghe and Yangytze River.The mud patch in this region contains the diagnostic calcite peak,and the concentration of Ca,ni,Pb,Ag are similar to Huanghe type,which indicates that the greater part of these clay fractions may have been derived from the Huanghe River.

• 한국해양학회지
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.205-216
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• 1990

This study was carried out to investigate the composition and the distribution of the polychaete community in Kwangyang Bay during 1987-1988, and to deduce causal factors of temporal changes in community by the comparison with the results of 1982 (Choi, 1984). In the present study, the Polychaetes comprised a total of 79 species, and had a mean density of 520 ind. $.$m/SUP -2/. They showed high abundance and species diversity in the main tidal channel and the north channel of Myodo. The most abundant polychaete was Lumbrineris longifolia (28.2%), and followed by Nephtys polybranchia (16.3%) and Stermaspis scutata (8.3%). Comparing the polychaete community in summer of 1987 with that in summer of 1982, Lagis bocki and Chone teres, the most dominant species in 1982, disappeared in 1987, while Lumbrineris longifolia, Nephtys polybranchia, Terebellides horikoshii, and Sternapis scutata experienced above twice increases in densities. the community in the north channel was distinguished from those in other regions by the high abundance of L. bocki in 1982, but was similar to that of the main channel by the disappearance of L. bocki in 1987. The community in the western inner bay was similar to that of the main channel in 1982, but became to be distinguished by the disappearance of l. longifolia and the high densities of S. scutata and Tharyx sp. in 1987. The temporal change in species composition and regional difference might be induced by the combined effects in the changes of hydrologic and sedimentary environments owing to the reclamation on the delta of Seomjing River and the dredging of the north chnnel.L.bocki in the north chnnel vanished after the habitat disturbance by the reclamation and dredging.S.scutata and Tharyxsp.dominated in the western inner bay because of the accumulationfo fine sediments through weakenend durrent flow by the obstruction of a new bank constructed on the delta.

• 한국해양학회지
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.33-40
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• 1975

The ion exchange sorption and elution behavior of toxic heavy metal ions, such as Hg(II) and Zn(II), have been studied in aqueous and methanolic media of MCl (M: K, Na and NH$\_$4/). The ion exchange resins studied are Dowex 1-X8, Cl$\^$-/ (50-100 or 200-400 mesh) and Dowex 50W-X8, M$\^$+/ form (M: K, Na, NH$\_$4/ and H). the sorption and elution of metal ion on the resin is largely due to the formation of the anionic chlororocomplex of metal ion. The addition of methanol in the medium contributes markedly to the distribution data. In order to apply this work for the treatment of polluted sea water with toxic heavy metal ions, removal experiment of the metal ions from the synthetic sample solution was investigated.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.89-94
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• 2008

Background: Thoracoscopic R3 sympathicotomy can effectively treat palmar hyperhidrosis. Here, we evaluated post-operative outcomes of patients receiving a thoracoscopic R3 sympathicotomy due to palmar hyperhidrosis. Material and Method: From January 2001 to December 2006, 225 patients were treated with a R3 sympathicotomy, and follow up was completed for 200 patients, with an average follow up period of 51.7 ($11{\sim}80$) months. We measured postoperative hand sweating according to four grades; dry (grade 1), proper (grade 2), light sweating (grade 3), heavy sweating (grade 4) and evaluated patient satisfaction using 4 grades: very good (grade 0), good (grade1), regular (grade 2), and deficient (grade 3). Result: There were no differences in clinical parameters between the compensatory sweating group and the non-compensatory sweating group. There was a 83.5% compensatory sweating rate. The degree of compensatory sweating related to the patient's body mass index and was influenced by the season, environmental temperature, and emotional stress. Conclusion: The satisfaction rate was 61.5%, and the degree of satisfaction related to the development of compensatory sweating. Therefore, reducing compensatory sweating would increase patient satisfaction with R3 sympathicotomies.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.40 no.8
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• pp.529-535
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• 2007

Background: An imbalance between oxidants and antioxidants leads to oxidative stress, and this has been proposed to play an important role in the pathogenesis of lung neoplasm. Apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease-1/redox factor-1 (APE/ref-1) is a multifunctional protein involved in DNA base excision repair and the redox regulation of many transcription factors. However, the alteration of the expressed levels of APE/ref-1 in non-small cell lung cancer is unknown. Material and Method: Forty-nine patients with surgically resected non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) were included in this study. Immunohistochemical staining with APE/ref-1 antibodies was performed, and their expressions were analyzed via Western blotting for specific antibodies. Result: APE/ref-1 was localized at the nucleus and mainly in the non-tumor region of the NSCLC tissue specimens; it was expressed in the cytoplasm and nucleus of the NSCLC. The nuclear and cytoplasmic expressions of APE/ref-1 in lung cancers were markedly up-regulated in the NSCLC, and this was correlated with the clinical stage. Catalase, as first-line antioxidant defense, was dramatically decreased in the NSCLC. Conclusion: Taken together, our results suggest that APE/ref-1, and especially cytoplasmic APE/ref-1, was upregulated in the lung cancer regions, and this may contribute to the compensatory defense system against oxidative stress. A low expression of catalase might have fundamental effects on the extracellular redox state of lung tumors, along with the potential consequences for the tumors.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.40 no.10
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• pp.659-666
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• 2007

Background: Preserving the subvalvular apparatus after mitral valve replacement (MVR) results in better ventricular function and a better outcome. In conjunction, mitral valve repair (MVr) is associated with a better outcome, yet little is known about the hemodynamics and outcomes between patients undergoing MVr and MVR with chordal preservation. We prospectively evaluated the hemodynamic changes and outcomes of patients undergoing MVr and MVR with chordal preservation. Material and Method: Fifty-four patients with mitral regurgitation (MR) who under-went MVR with chordal preservation (n=21) or MVr (n=33) were studied. The patients' characteristics, the intra-and postoperative hemodynamics and the use of cardiac medications, the postoperative outcome and the complications were recorded during the hospital stay. All the patients were followed up for at least 6 months post-operatively for determining their morbidity and mortality. Result: The patients' characteristics were similar between the groups, except for the presence of atrial fibrillation and congestive heart failure which was more frequent in the MVR group. Also, the preoperative left ventricular ejection fraction was lower in the MVR group than in the MVr group ($64{\pm}9%$ versus $69{\pm}5%$, respectively, p=0.043). There were no significant differences of the hemodynamics between the groups. The use of inotropic drugs and pacemakers during the 12hrs postoperatively was more common in the MVR group than in the MVr group (48% versus 24%, p=0.025 and 52% versus 24%, p=0.035, respectively). The other postoperative outcomes were similar in both groups for at least the 6 months follow-up period. Conclusion: MVR with chordal preservation was comparable with regard to the hemodynamics and clinical outcomes, supporting the beneficial effect of preserving the subvalvular apparatus after MVR.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.223-228
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• 2008

Background: The aim of this study is to confirm that peripheral blood sampling for measuring of serum immunoglobulin can predict immunological changes after xenograft implantation. Material and Method: Between March 2006 and January 2007, 19 patients were enrolled (10 xenograft implantation group, 9 control group). Through 3 peripheral blood samples, we measured changes in serum immunoglobulin G and M levels preoperatively, and 2 and 10 days postoperatively. Result: In both groups, serum immunoglobulin levels showed similar changes-they decreased 2 days postoperatively, then increased up to the baseline levels 10 days postoperatively. However, this postoperative change of immunoglobulin G and M was not significantly different in absolute value or pattern between the 2 groups (Ig G; p-value=0.393, Ig M; p-value=0.193). Conclusion: We could not predict immunological changes after xenograft implantation by measuring serum immunoglobulin levels by simple blood sampling. Direct checking of ${\alpha}$-Galactose antibody may confirm an immunological reaction after xenograft implantation.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.164-168
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• 1999

TGF-$\beta$3 is among five TGF-$\beta$ isolorms and shows 80% sequence identity to TGF-$\beta$I, a prototype of TGF--$\beta$. It has been reported that TGF-$\beta$I, particularly in the presence of IL-2 or L-5, increases the pmduction of IgA and IgG2b isoiypes by LPS-actwated murine B cells. We examined the effect of TGF-P3 on Ig synlhesis by B cells from different lymphoid origins. IgA induction by TGP-$\beta$3 was mardnal in LPS-activated spleen B cell culture, while 1gA production was markedly enhanced in the culture shulated with TGF-$\beta$P3 and L-5. In addition, number of IgA secreting cells was increased by TGF-$\beta$P3. Under the same conditions, TGP-$\beta$3 alone was enough to increase IgG2b production but IgM and 1gGl. Sirmlar patiem of IgA and IgGZb enbancement by TGF-$\beta$3 and L-5 was observed in the cullures of mesenteric lymph node B cells. Thus, overall effect of TGF-$\beta$3 on Ig synthesis was quite similar to that of TGF-$\beta$I. Nonetheless, it remains to be underslood whether TGF-$\beta$3 is an important modulator in B cell differentiation since regulation of TGF-$\beta$3 expression is considered to differ from that of TGF-$\beta$I

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.185-198
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• 2001

This study was conducted to reveal the effects of local climatic conditions on reproductive growth in a mature stand of Korean white pine based on climatic estimates. For this, the reproductive growth such as production and characteristics of cone and seed were first measured and summarized for seven years from 1974 to 1980. The local climatic conditions in the study site were also estimated by both a topoclimatological method and a spatial statistical technique. The local climatic conditions were then correlated with and regressed on the growth factors to reveal the relationships between the climatic estimates and the reproductive growth. Average number of conelet formation per tree showed highly negative correlation with some climatic variables related to minimum temperature in the year of flower bud differentiation. Especially, the most significant negative correlation were found between average of the minimum temperature for June and July of flower bud differentiation year and the number of conelet formation. There was no significant correlation between the number of cone production and climatic variables. However, total precipitation from December of the flowering year to February of the cone production year showed the most high correlation (r=0.6036) with the number of cone production. It was found that significant climatic variables affecting the amount of cone drop and cone drop percentage were the sum of cloudy days from June of the flowering year to August of the cone production year. Positive correlation was significantly recognized between the average weight of empty seed per cone and total precipitation from December of the flowering year to February of the cone production year. For the percentage of empty seed, five climatic variables among 19 variables were significantly correlated at 10% level. The average weight of a cone showed negative correlation with total precipitation from June of the flowering year to August of the cone production year. It was also found that average weight of a seed had highly negative correlation with total precipitation from December of the flowering year to February of the cone production year. The average weight of cone coat was negatively correlated with two climatic variables derived from clear days, which are sum of clear days from November of the flowering year to March of the cone production year and sum of clear days from December of the flowering year to February of the cone production year. On the other hand, it showed positive correlation with mean temperature of May in the flowering year. The exactly same results were obtained in correlation analysis for the percentage of cone coat.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.9-16
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• 1983

This study was conducted to find out the effects of such parameters as specific draft resistance, slip rate, and fuel consumption rate on plowing performance in paddy fields spread with chopped rice straw. The plowing operation by an 8 P.S. power tiller was carried out in 6 different fields having the soil moisture content of 27~36 percent in dry basis in clay loam soil texture, and applying chopped rice straw of 10, 20, 30 and 60cm in length in the spring of 1982. The effects of soil hardness and moisture content on the plowing performance were also investigated. The results of the study are summarized as follows; 1. The minimum draft during the plowing operation was 110kg in the 30cm rice straw plot having the soil moisture content of 32 percent in dry basis. 2. The multiple regression equation of the specific draft(D) as a function of soil moisture content(M) and cutting length of rice straw(L) was obtained as follows. $D=14.1978-0.8565M+0.0661LxM-2.9685L+0.0133M^2+1.093L^2$ 3. In the 30cm rice straw plot with the soil moisture content of 32 percent in dry basis, the minimum specific draft resistance and the rate of slip were 0.35kg per $cm^2$ and 16 percent respectively. The specific draft resistance varied sensitively in accordance with the soil moisture content, and the slip rate of power tiller was dependent upon the cutting length of rice straw rather than the soil moisture content. 4. The highest plowing performance was 5.3 ares per hour at the soil moisture content of 35 percent and soil hardness of 10kg per $cm^2$. The relationship between the plowing performance and the soil moisture content was obtained by a quadratic equation. 5. The minimum fuel consumption rate in the plowing operation was recorded 6.5 liters per 10 ares in 30cm chopped rice straw plot with the soil moisture content of 32 percent in dry basis.