• The Korean Journal of Rehabilitation Nursing
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.188-196
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• 2004

Purpose: This study was conducted to identify relationships between depression, family support, and rehabilitation-motivation in patients with cerebrovascular accident. Method: The data were collected from 'S' hospital in Seoul from Feb. 1, 2004 to Apr. 30, 2004. The data were analyzed using a SPSS 10.0 program for descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation coefficients and stepwise multiple regression. Result: The results were as follows: The mean rehabilitation-motivation was 119.89, which was slightly high. The rehabilitation-motivation was influenced by religion, education level, occupation, economic status, treatment fee, duration of hospitalization, level of language ability and ADL. Rehabilitation-motivation has showed correlation with family support (r=.538, p=.000) and depression (r=-.417, p=.000). The variables related to rehabilitation-motivation were identified as family support, level of ADL, occupation, depression, and education level, using stepwise multiple regression. They were accounted for 57% of predictability of the rehabilitation-motivation, with the family support the highest at 29.3%. Conclusion: With increasing post stroke patients in Korea, we need to pay more attention to the rehabilitation of them. This study indicates that health professionals need to focus on the intervention especially in increasing family support and in decreasing depression of the patients with cerebrovascular accident.

• The Korean Journal of Rehabilitation Nursing
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.243-256
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to identify the degree of self-care activities of stroke patients, the family burden, and the educational needs of primary caregivers. A descriptive survey research was conducted in 97 stroke patients and their respective primary caregivers. Data were collected by the interviews using a structured questionnare from July 26th to August 5th, 1999. NIH stroke status was $12.15{\pm}8.40$, the degree of self-care activities of stroke patients was $26.85{\pm}9.39$. The score of objective burden of primary caregivers was $31.24{\pm}4.81$ and subjective burden was $24.30{\pm}6.99$. The score of the educational needs was $89.78{\pm}9.99$. We present several imformations about clients from these scores as follows: The patients were convalescent and their depentant level of self- care was middle range; The objective burden was higher than the subjective burden; And the educational needs of family caregivers were very high. The Elain Mattis Educational Wants of Family Caregivers of Disabled Adults Questionnaire was used to assess the educational needs of primary caregivers of stroke patients. The results of this research are offered to help nurses understand the feelings of uncertainty about the new and unexpected role that family caregivers face and to help nurses meet the needs of families preparing to care stroke survivors at home.

• The Korean Journal of Rehabilitation Nursing
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.27-37
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• 2002

During acute stages of hospitalized stroke patients, family caregivers face many challenges. They often experience emotional distress, social isolation, and financial constraints. However, the burden of caregiving of stroke patients in acute stages has never been studied properly. The purpose of this study was to investigate the factors related to the caregivers' burden with acute stroke. The subjects were 123 acute stroke patients and their caregivers who were admitted to neurology and neurosurgery units at Dan Kook University Hospital in Chung-Nam area. An interview was performed with the use of standardized questionnaire which included data pertaining to the patients/caregivers characteristics, caregiver burden (Modified Zarit's Burden Scale), and social support (Personal Resource Questionnaire). Our results showed that the mean burden score was 3.11, indicating high level of burden. Among the sub-domain scores, financial burden was the highest. In univariate analysis, the factors related to caregiver burdens were: inability to communicate between patients and caregiver(p<.001); low cognitive function of the patients(p<.001); low level of ADL(p<.001); the gender of caregiver(p<.001); the current employment status of caregivers(p<.01); the presence of social support for caregiver(p<.001); and the availability of alternative caregivers(p<.001). In multiple regression analysis, social support for family caregivers (87%), low level of patient's cognition (2%), availability of 2nd caregiver (1%), and gender of caregiver (female, 0.4%) were significant explanatory factors of overall burden. The caregivers' burden in acute stages during hospitalization following stroke was high. Recognition of high levels of caregivers' burden and those relating factors affecting caregiver burden may allow us to develop different nursing strategies to unload the level of burden for caregivers in acute stages of stroke.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.595-605
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to describe the perceived burden of the stroke patient's caregiver and related factors to analyze relationships between perceived burden and social supports. A convenient sample of 225 caregivers who take care for a stroke patient at home participated in this study. Caregiver's perceived burden was measured by the objective and subjective burden scale developed by Montgomery (1985). Related factors of burden were studied in terms of the patient's instrumental activties of daily living, cognitive function, caregiver's demographic variables and caregiver's illness intrusiveness. The results were as follows: (1) The mean of objective burden score was 4.5, and subjective burden score was 3.1. These scores show that caregivers perceive moderate level of burden. (2) Caregivers' objective burden was significantly related to caregivers's illness intrusiveness (r=.62), patient's IADL (r=-.33), and patient's cognitive function (r=-.15). The subjective burden was related to the caregiver's illness intrusiveness (r=.29), the patient's IADL (r=.24), and the caregiver's age(r=.23). (3) The percentage of stroke caregivers who perceived physical support was 49.1%. The percentage of those who perceived emotional support was 61.0%, and those who perceived financial support totaled 37.6%. (4) Caregivers who received any type of social supports perceived lower subjective burden, and caregivers who received physical or psychological support perceived lower objective burden. These results emphasized the necessity of a rehabilitation programs for stroke patients and support program for family caregivers.

• The Korean Journal of Rehabilitation Nursing
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.1-14
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to identify the factors affecting family functioning of stroke patients. A descriptive survey research was conducted in which 65 stroke patients and their primary caregivers were conveniently sampled. Data were collected from July to September, 1998 through interviewing using a structured questionnare. The measuring instruments used were Barthel Index by Mahoney and Barthel(15 items), Quality of Relationship Scale by Archbold and Stewart(15 Items), Role Stress of Caregiver Scale by Yang(14 items), Situational Definition Scale by Lee(9 items), Family Hardiness Index by McCubbin, McCubbin. and Thompson(20 items), and Family Adaptability Cohesion Evaluation Scale(FACES-III) by Olson, Portner, and Lavee(20 items). The obtained data were analyzed using percentage, t-test, ANOVA, Duncan test, and Pearson coefficients correlation by SAS/PC program. The results were as follows; 1. Role Stress of Caregiver was not severe and Quality of Relationship was moderate. The level of Situational Definition of primary caregivers was not high but Family Hardiness and Family Functioning were rather high. 2. The following relationships between research variables and demographic characteristics of the primary caregivers of stroke patients were significantly different; occupation of caregiver between Quality of Relationship, occupation of caregiver between Situational Definition, family type between Role Stress, caregiving duration between Family Hardiness, caregiving duration between Family Functioning, and hospitalization days between Family Functioning. 3. The correlations between research variables were as follows; There was positively correlated between patient's ADL and Quality of Relationship. The relationship of the patient's ADL between Role Stress was negatively correlated. Quality of Relationship between Situational Definition, Family Hardiness, and Family Functioning were significantly correlated. The correlation of Situational Definition between Family Hardiness, and Situational Definition between Family Functioning were very high. As a result of these findings, Quality of Relationship, Role Stress, Situational Definition. and Family Hardiness were useful variables for identifying Family Functioning of stroke patients. It is important for the rehabilitation nurse to be knowledgeable about family functioning of stroke patients to promote rehabilitation process.

• Journal of Home Health Care Nursing
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.83-93
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• 2000

This study was conducted to provide the data for the improvement of cerebral ischemia patient nursing services through the investigation of burden and hospital service satisfaction by family caregivers who were nursing the cerebral ischemia inpatients. The study subjects consisted of 125 family caregivers who were enrolled in four university hospitals with over 300 beds and one Chinese medicine hospital with over 100 beds. The Data were collected from all of the personal subjects using standardized questionnaires by interview from March 1 to March 30 in 2000. Data were analyzed by using t-test, ANOVA. Scheffe's multiple comparison, and Pearson's Correlation Coefficients. The results were as follows: 1. The mean score of burden felt by family caregivers who were nursing the stroke patient was 2.18. In relation to the characteristics of patients, higher scores were shown in male patients who were over 80 years old, and patients who had from 4 to 12 days care giving, over three month duration of admission, from one month to three month duration of illness. The burden felt by family caregivers revealed higher score of dependency in the Activities of Daily Living. 2. The mean score of hospital service satisfaction perceived by family caregivers was 3.35. The highest hospital service satisfaction score was shown in female caregivers, and caregivers whose patients graduated from element school, and treatment method was Chinese medicine, the duration of admission was under 1 month. As a result. the family caregivers' burden was seemed to be high when the patients who were old, male and as care giving time, duration of admission, duration of illness were getting longer. In conclution, hospital service satisfaction was good, but the satisfaction was tend to decrease that family caregivers who were male, higher education background and duration of patients' admission getting longer.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.693-702
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• 2007

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop and evaluate the effects of a support group intervention on the burden of primary family caregivers of stroke patients. Method: A nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design was used. The subjects were 36 primary family caregivers of stroke patients [experimental(N=18) and control(N=18) groups] in a neurosurgery ward of a university hospital. The experimental group members participated in six sessions of a support group intervention for two weeks and the degree of their caregiving burden was evaluated. Data was analyzed by Chi-square tests, t-tests, and paired t-tests using SPSS 10.0. Result: The experimental group had a significantly lower total burden score (t=2.06l, p= .047)and sub-scales of emotional(t=-3.319, p= .002), time-dependent(t=-2.045, p= .049) and developmental(t=-2.656, p= .012) burden scores than the control group, while no significant differences were found in physical, social or financial burden scores between the two groups. Within the experimental group, there was a significant decrease in physical(t=2.507, p= .023), emotional(t=4.754, p= .000), social(t=2.932, p= .009), time- dependent(t=5.015, p= .000) and developmental(t=7.541, p= .000) burden scores but not the financial burden score. Conclusion: The results suggest that a support group intervention can be utilized as an effective nursing program to reduce the burden of primary family caregivers of stroke patients.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.113-122
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• 2017

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify influencing factors on rehabilitation adherence in stroke patients. Methods: This study was a descriptive survey. A structured questionnaire was used for face-to-face interviews with a convenient sample of 192 subjects, who were admitted in 5 rehabilitation hospitals located in G metropolitan city. Results: The score of rehabilitation motivation in the subjects was a mean of $2.04{\pm}0.35$, self-efficacy $6.22{\pm}2.32$, family support $3.40{\pm}0.82$ and rehabilitation adherence $3.08{\pm}0.41$. The rehabilitation adherence was a statistically significant difference according to the education level (F= 3.40, p= .035), marital status (F= 4.04, p= .019), number of personal insurance policies (K= 9.80, p= .020), location of paresis (F= 2.72, p= .046), and status of current smoking (M = 657.00, p= .001). There was significant correlation among degree of rehabilitation adherence, rehabilitation motivation (r= .30, p< .001), self-efficacy (r= .14, p= .046) and family support (r= .18, p= .011). Rehabilitation motivation (${\beta}=0.19$, p= .007), self-efficacy (${\beta}=0.14$, p= .035), marital status (${\beta}=0.14$, p= .038), number of personal insurance policies (${\beta}=-0.15$, p= .045) and location of paresis(${\beta}=-0.15$, p= .028) were identified as significant predictors. This model explained 22.6% of variance in rehabilitation adherence (F= 5.92, p< .001). Conclusion: There is a need to develop an effective intervention for rehabilitation adherence improvement considering the identified variables in this study.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.226-233
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• 2017

Objective: The purpose of this study was to describe and understand self-care status of the aged diabetic patients with noncompliance after hospital discharge. Methods: A qualitative research method was used for the study design. The participants were 15 diabetic patients aged 65 or older who had been admitted more than two times for hyperglycemia in the past 1 year in a general hospital in Daegu. Data were collected from November 1 2015 to March 1 2016 through in-depth personal interview. Results: Patients' knowledge level on causes and symptoms of diabetes was low. Most participants rarely and irregularly checked blood sugar at home. They were under a lot of stress from their family. Due to old age and illness they did not have sufficient physical activity and they have had rarely regular meals. They considered the self-care education program unnecessary and there was limitations of accessibility for education. Conclusions: The aged diabetic patients who had the repeat admission did not perform self-care activities properly and had problems especially in blood glucose check, support from their family, and health education after returning home. More personalized and community-based self-management education programs will be necessary.

• The Korean Journal of Rehabilitation Nursing
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.5-14
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• 2000

Stroke patients have increased with the overall aging of our population, 60 years and older. Recently the number of stroke patients has been on the increase even among younger people in their thirties. The family support is frequently mentioned as a major variable which plays an important role in helping the patients adapt themselves to their hemiplegic situations. The purpose of the study was to examine between family support and activities of daily living(ADLs)abilities for the hemiplegic patients, and to provide the basic data to help the patients carry out their ADLs on their own. The sample for the study included 106 hemiplegic patients and their family members. The data were collected using a focused, structured interviews. The major findings of the study were as follows: 1. The hemiplegic patients perceived that their family supports were very high(Mean, 49.00). 2. The degree of family support was significantly higher in female. high economic status, and non-use of brace patients than in male, poor economic status, use of brace patients. 3. The ADL abilities of the hemiplegic patients were significantly higher in ambulatory, younger, and longer-period-of-illness patients and patients who used a cane as a assistive device. 4. The family support for the hemiplegic patients showed a statistically significant Cor relationship with their performance of ADL(r=.30809. p=0.0013). 5. The performance of ADL for the ambulatory patients were mainly affected by the degree of family support, the period of the hemiplegic illness, the use of brace, informal care giving, and the age. These variables explained 50% of variance. 6. The length of illness was a statistically significant affecting variable for ADL performance in OPD and assistive device in IPD. In conclusion, the higher the hemiplegic patients perceived the degree of family support, the better they performed ADL. We should develop nursing methods which enhance the family support for the hemiplegic patients in order to increase their performance of ADL.