• Journal of Gifted/Talented Education
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.163-174
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• 2011

As the scientific technology has produced complex problems that required value judgment, science-gifted students need the program for enhancing the critical thinking. Therefore, this study analyzed patterns of claims on scientific technology of the science-gifted for the development of argument program. The data were collected by 60 science-gifted students using writing and e-mail. The result showed that 29% of the participants provided only advantageous factors for their claims, whereas only 10% among the participants who provided both sides used pattern of 'rebuttal.' In addition, the students who fell into the patterns of 'alternative suggestion' and 'overly positive expectation on scientific technology' revealed positive recognition on scientific technology. These results highlight the need of argumentation program for science-gifted students that could be guideline for knowledge or argumentation, help awareness of limitation and role of scientific technology and lead to well-balanced judgment between positive effects and negative ones.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.205-223
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• 1999

이 학습은 단기간과 장기간으로 나누어 연구한 화제적인 회상을 중심으로 이야기 구술과 가장놀이의 그 효과들을 탐구하고 논증(Demonstration)하였다. 특별히 이 학습은 어린이들이 가장놀이의 연기와 구술을 하는 동안에 인지변화들을 동일시하고 시험하였다. 교육자들과 연구자들은 제안하기를 놀이와 이야기를 말하는 것은 한 사건의 인지적인 모형으로 유치원 어린이들이 기초적인 기교(Skill)를 배우는 것으로서 상징의 흐름(Stream of Symbolization)안에서 동시에 나타난다고 시사하고 있다. 가장놀이(Pretend Play)는 인지 발달과 사회성 발달 안에서 중요한 영역으로 오랫동안 고려되어져 오기도 했었다. 그런 의미에서 이 학습은 이야기 구술과 가장놀이, 단기간과 장기간의 기억력, encoding and inference 그리고 그것들의 상호관계들에 대한 발달적인 차이들에 초점을 두었다. 그 data에 의하면 화제적인 회상을 효율화하고 있는 가운데서 이야기 말하기와 가장놀이 사이에 유효한 차이가 있었음을 보여주었다. 그 data는 또한 encode에 대한 질문이 inferences의 능력을 초과했다는 것을 지적하기도 했다. 다시 말해서 그 어린이들은 inferences를 만드는 능력이 향상하지 않았음에도 이야기 구술과 가장놀이에 참여할 수 있었다. 이것은 즉 Inferences는 좀더 복잡한 인지 기교들을 요구하고 있었을 뿐, 이야기 구술과 가장놀이의 향상에는 관계하지 않았다는 것을 말해주고 있다. 또한 단기간과 장기간의 조건사이에는 유효한 차이가 있지 않았다.

• 사회경제평론
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• no.38
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• pp.85-128
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• 2012

This paper aims to provide an evolutionary theory of firm existence and boundaries. We explicitly discuss about the cause of firm existence from the viewpoint of evolutionary economics, combine functionalistic and process-oriented explanation of firm evolution, and propose industry-level theory of firm boundaries. Vertical and horizontal firm boundaries are explained in the same frame.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.446-452
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• 2009

This study on strategy and its function in debate offer the materials of education concrete and practical to be able to improve the expression ability and comprehension ability of the students, and can give lots of help to improve the ability of application that can answer quickly in trouble circumstances. The type of strategy in the course of set up the theory are (1) the form of concept definition, (2) the form of solution offer, (3) inductive form and deductive form, (4) the form of example offer. The type of strategy in the course of contradict are (1) the form of soliloquy, (2) the form of claim comparison, (3) the form of partial recognition. The type of strategy in the course of cross examination are (1) the form of question in return and contradict, (2) the form of partial consent contradict. We believe this study will improve the communication ability and negotiation ability and also make a great contribution to improve the leadership of 21-century type if this study will be used in the field of education.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.37-56
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• 1997

Can the appropriately programmed computer think?I analyse,in this paper, argugments for and against strong AI-thesis,basically Turing's argument and Searle's chinese room argument.Through a cirtical review of these arguments, I try to show that the supportes of Al-thesis like Turing fail to explain the subjective nature of human consciousness.However,I do not think that subjective consciousness is a necessary condition for the ability to understand language.(In this respect my views are different from Searle's). But when we consider the conditions of humans as language users,we should presuppose that a human being is the unity of body and mind (or consciousness). Therefore, our subjective consciousness,together with human body(thus,way of our behavior and life). serve as a mark of person.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.32 no.7
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• pp.1109-1123
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of small group discussion on elementary students' science writing. In this study, four 6th grade students were chosen from an elementary school in Seoul. Students were involved in eight science writing classes and the contents of a small group discussion and interactions were recorded and observed. Students' science works were collected and analysed based on three domains: scientific thinking, logic and originality. The result of this study showed that the contents of a small group discussion greatly affected the scientific thinking domain. A low-achieving student received lots of help from a high-achieving student. It was easy to improve in the logic domain through the science writing classes. Average students got good grades in an originality domain when the subject was related to their real life. A small group discussion would have an effect on science writing ability positively if the students acquired proper guidance on the procedure and manner of discussion. The science writing lesson would be more effective if the learning group was organized homogeneously in the aspects of intelligence achievement and interpersonal relationships.

• School Mathematics
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.503-526
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• 2016

The study aimed at determining the identity of mathematics essay test in the university entrance examination. For this purpose, a document research was conducted for higher order thinking and mathematics essay ability and it analyzed the goal of assessment and the tendency of problem settings and looked into mathematics essay problems of twenty-five universities. As a result, the study found out that evaluation factors of mathematics essay test requires higher order thinking ability including mathematical knowledge and essay ability such as mathematical knowledge, understanding, problem solving, logical and critical thinking, creative ability, power of expression, argument skills. Also, problems from previous mathematics essay tests were set mainly to assess mathematical knowledge, understanding and problem solving. Based on the findings, the past mathematics essay tests in university entrance examination in Korea that require logical and critical thinking, creative ability, power of expression, argument skills were a rather small percentage of questions.

• Journal of the korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.64-73
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• 1992

본 논문은 비선형 goal programming을 이용하여 구조 최적화 문제들의 해를 얻는 방법을 제시한 다. 이 방법은 다기준 최적화의 도구로 사용되는데 그 까닭은 goal programming이 목적함수와 제한조건 등을 정의하는데 있어서 발생하는 난점들을 제거해 주며, 또한 설계목적의 우선 순위를 다루는 능력을 갖추고 있기 때문이다. 비선형 goal programming에 대한 구조 최적화의 모델이 제시된다. Hooke-Jeeves의 pattern 탐색, 수정된 Hooke-Jeeves의 Pattern 탐색, 그리고 Powell의 공액방향 탐색방향을 이용한 세 가지의 비선형 goal programming 들이 개발되고 토의된다. 설계 도구로서 이 방법의 유효성을 논증하기 위하여 사례의 해를 모색하며 이를 다른 연구결과와 비교 검토한다.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.63 no.3
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• pp.196-208
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• 2019

This study analyzed achievement standards in the 2015 revised Science Education Standards as well as activities and assessment items in grade 7 science textbooks using science core competencies and subcomponents. Scientific participation and lifelong learning capacity was not involved in the achievement standards. Logical thinking of scientific thinking capacity, planning and carrying out investigation, analyzing and interpreting data, developing and using models, and constructing explanation of scientific inquiry capacity, collecting and selecting information of scientific problem solving capacity, and using various communication methods of scientific communication capacity were involved in the achievement standards. All five scientific core competencies including all subcomponents except rational decision making of scientific problem solving capacity and understanding and coordinating diverse thoughts of scientific communication capacity were involved in activities of science textbooks. All five scientific core competencies were involved in assessment items of science textbooks. Logical thinking and creative thinking of scientific thinking capacity, planning and carrying out investigation and constructing explanation of scientific inquiry capacity, identifying problems, collecting and selecting information, suggesting solutions, and performing of scientific problem solving capacity, using various communication methods, arguing based on evidence of scientific communication capacity, and being interested in science technology and society issues of scientific participation and lifelong learning capacity.

• The Korean Society of Law and Medicine
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.43-82
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• 2019

In Korea surrogate medical decision makings happen without legal grounds. The purpose of this article is to research the issues in preparing policies for decision-making on behalf of unrepresented patients. As aspects of comparative law, there are two approaches. One of them is to regulate default surrogate list. If no agent or guardian has been appointed, some legislatures provide that members of patient's family who is reasonably available, in descending order of priority of not, may act as surrogate: (1) the spouse, unless legally separated; (2) an adult child; (3) a parent; or (4) an adult brother or sister. If none of them is eligible to act as surrogate, some legislatures allow close friends to make health-care decisions for adult individuals who lack capacity. On the other hand there are other legislatures which provide no surrogate decision maker list but oblige the responsible authority to determine with advice of family members or friends of the patient. In the end the first approach can not guarantee that the surrogate decision maker like family members or friends will determine in the best interest of the patient.