• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.37-45
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• 1999

A study about health status of the elderly in rural area was performed with 110 home-bound elderly. The results obtained by questionaires and personal interviews recall were as follows. 1) Subjects were 68.6 years of age on average. They revealed the physical tendency of not overweight but high blood pressure. 2) We found that seniors who live alone in rural area were more than in urban area. 3) Average daily intakes of energy and protein of rural elderly were lower than the Korean RDA and the intakes of Ca, riboflavin and niacin in female were also lower. 4) Nutrient intakes were related to family income, food expense, smoking amount, drinking frequency and duration of exercrse, which suggested the needs of nutrition education for the seniors and meal services especially for the low-income elderly.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.21 no.2 s.53
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• pp.185-195
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• 2006

환경오염물질로부터 수생태계 보호를 위한 표준적인 평가 및 관리 수단인 수질환경기준은 오염물질의 독성작용이 일어나는 표적기관에서의 오염물질의 농도에 대한 대체측정치로서 환경 내 오염물질의 농도를 이용해 왔다. 이러한 '외부환경농도에 기반한 접근방법'은 표적기관에서의 독성물질의 농도가 생물체내 농도에 비례하고, 결국 외부환경농도에도 비례할 것이라고 가정한다. 따라서 환경오염물질의 생물이용도나 생물축적 양상의 차이 때문에 고유 독성치를 비교 평가하는데 한계가 있다. 이와 달리 '생물체내 농도에 기반한 접근방법(이하 생체잔류량 접근법)'은 환경오염물질의 생물이용도나 종 특이적 생물축적 양상과 관련된 불확실성을 제거하고, 환경오염물질 고유의 독성을 비교 평가할 수 있게 해준다. 특히 생체잔류량 접근법을 독성동태학 및 독성역학 모델과 함께 사용하는 경우는 실제 현장에서 일어나는 복잡한 노출조건에서의 독성영향을 예측하는데 활용할 수 있다. '생체잔류량 접근법'은 독성기작별 임계잔류량(Critical Body Residue)을 결정함으로써 생물모니터링의 결과를 해석하는데 적용되고 있다. 또한 생태위해성평가를 위해서 필요한 '무영향예측농도(Predicted No-effect Concentration, PNEC)를 예측하기 위한 방법으로 생체 내 잔류량에 기반해서 농도-시간-반응관계를 기술하고, 예측할 수 있는 새로운 유형의 독성역학 및 독성동태학 모델을 제시하고, 생체내 '무영향농도(No Effect Concentration, NEC)'를 추정하게 해 준다. 특히 생체내 NEC는 '무영향관찰농도(No Observed Effect Concentration, NOEC)'와 '영향농도(Effect Concentration, EC)'처럼 분산분석이나 회귀분석모델과 같은 통계적 모델에 기반해서, 농도-반응관계만을 기술할 뿐인 기존 독성모델을 대체할 대안으로 최근에 OECD와 ISO에 의해서 추천되었다.분석을 시행한 결과 인지기능 장애정도 및 MMSEK 점수 증가에 따른 사망위험도는 어느 모형에서도 인지기능 장애정도가 사망에 미치는 위험도는 통계적으로 유의하지 않았다(표 6, 표 7). 이상 본 연구는 농촌지역 노인들에서 인지기능 장애정도가 사망에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 하였지만, 인지기능 장애정도가 사망에 미치는 영향을 통계적으로 유의하게 고찰하지 못하였다.의한 차이를 보였다. (P<0.05, P<0.001) 5. Excelco로 부식처리된 도재가 5% HF 용액으로 부식처리된 도재보다 부식정도가 더 현저하였다.은 제언을 하고자 한다. 먼저, 학교급식에 대한 식단 작성 시 학생들이 학교에서 제공되기 원하는 식단에 대한 의견을 받고 그 의견에 대한 결과를 게시하여 학생들이 제공되기 원하는 식단을 급식 시 제공하여 학생들이 식단선택에 동참할 수 있는 기회를 주는 것이 바람직하겠다. 또한 영양사는 학급의 반대표와의 정기적인 모임을 가짐으로서 학생들의 불만사항 및 개선 요구사항에대해 서로 의견을 교환하여 설문지조사가 아닌 직접적인 대화를 하여 문제점을 파악하고자 하는 적극적인 자세가 필요하겠다. 특히 아침식사의 결식 빈도가 높았고 이는 급식성과에 부정적인 영향을 줄 뿐 아니라 학교에서 제공하는 음식의 섭취정도에도 영향을 주고 있으므로 학생들에게 학부모와 전담교사 및 학교영양사는 학생들에게 이상적인 아침식사에 대한 교육은 물론이고 아침식사를 실천할 수 있도록 다양한 방안에 대해 함께 연구해야 하겠다. 정부차원에서 학교급식에 아침식사 프로그램을 도입할 수 있는 방안을 연구하고, 아침을 결식하는 학생이 학교에서 수업시작 하기 전에 간단한 식사를 할 수 있는 정책 도입이 필요하다acid의 생성량(生成量)을 측정(測定)하였는데 periodate의 소비량(消費量)은 1.23 mole, formic acid의 생성량(生成量)은 0.78 mole이다.한 경우도 비교적 많이 먹고 있었다(24.3%). 남 여

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.319-330
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• 2009

This study investigated the field application and the acceptance test of the meal service for the elderly (${\ge}$ 65 years) community halls in Jeonnam and Gyeongbuk. The acceptance scores of bean rice and glutinous rice were the highest among the tested cooked rice varieties in Jeonnam and in Gyeongbuk, respectively (P<0.05). The acceptance scores of tofu soybean paste soup and spinach bean paste soup were the highest among different soups, in Jeonnam and Gyeongbuk, respectively. The scores of menu 5 (bean rice, tofu and bean paste soup, pan-fried pork, green laver salad, kimchi, soy milk) and menu 1 (cereal rice, fermented soy bean soup, hard-boiled quail's egg, crown daisy salad, kimchi, mandarin) were the highest in Jeonnam and Gyeongbuk, respectively, in terms of overall acceptance (P<0.05). The average cost of each meal in two provinces was $2012{\pm}323$ won. The amount of leftovers from menu 5 (Bean rice, Tofu and soybean paste soup, Pan-fried pork, Seasoned green laver, Kimchi, Soy milk) was the lowest in Jeonnamin, while the one from menu 2 (rice, leaf beet and soybean paste soup, sated vegetables with potato noodle, hard-boiled potato, kimchi, cherry tomato) was the lowest in Gyeongbuk.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.310-320
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• 2003

To study the nutritional and health status of the elderly in Songnam, the anthropometic measurments, fat composition of body(FAT), blood pressure(BP) and blood test for analyzing biochemical indies of the elderly in seongnam were carried out in 338 free-living elderly (161 men, 177 women) aged from 58 to 92. Anthropometric measurements and blood pressure were assessed, and body fat was analyzed by BI(Bioelectrical Impedence) method. Biochemical measurements including blood glucose(BG), GPT, serum total cholesterol(TC) and albumin(AL) were analyzed. Average heights of the subjects were lower than the standards established in the Korean Recommended Dietary Allowances, and average weights were similar to the standards. FAT were significantly higher in women(36.4%) than men(27.7%), and both groups showed higher values than the reference. Mean systolic BP levels of men and women were 153.3mmHg and 153.7mmHg, and diastolic BP levels were 87.5mmHg and 86.0mmHg, respectively, and there were no significant differences between the sex. Mean BG levels of men and women were 115.9mg/㎗ and 123.7mg/㎗, respectively, and there were no significant differences between the sex and among the age groups. Mean GPT levels of men and women were 19.4unit and 18.1unit, respectively, and women older than 75 years showed significanly low levels of GPT compared to other women's age groups. Mean TC levels of men and women were 186.0mg/㎗ and 206.6mg/㎗, respectively, and significantly higher TC levels were shown in women than men. Mean AL levels of men and women were 4.8g/㎗ and 4.8g/㎗, respectively, and men aged 50 ∼ 64 years showed significant high AL levels compared to other age groups of men. It was suggested that nutrition education program was a good way to improve health status of the elderly.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.57-70
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• 2000

The purpose of this study were to : a) evaluate the nutrition status of one hundred and forty five recipients and one hundred and forty nine non-recipients of home-delivered meals service program, b) examine the teeth status of recipients of the program, c)analyze the nutritional values of meals, and identify the attitudes of recipients and non-recipients were found. Four meals offered by Nambu seniors center were met the recommended dietary allowances in calorie, protein, and vitamin C. The mean score of meal satisfaction was 3.7 out of five-point scale.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.584-593
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the diet quality of the menus delivered by 17 free meal service centers for the low-income home-bound elderly in Chung- cheong buk-Do. Statistical data analysis was compleleted using the SPSS package program for descriptive analysis, T-test, and ANOVA. The meals offered by free meal service centers were not met the 1/3 recommended dietary allowances in calcium and vitamin $B_2$. There were significant differences between dependent variables(nutrient content, nutrient density, nutrient deficiency, NAR, MAR, food group intake patterns) and independent variables (operation type, operation status, operation period, nutritionist, food cost).

• The Korean Chronic Disease News
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• no.306
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• pp.1-30
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• 2006

안산시 단원 보건소 박영숙 소장/노인인구 급증 사회적 부담 증폭/“병원 자본조달?투자활성화 필요”/차관지원의료기관 연체금 감면 지원/의료기관평가, 관민공동참여를/“환자급식 제공실태 일제 점검”/인천시, 만성질환 관리 위해 나섰다/통합건강증진 프로그램 시범 운영/약가 포지티브 시스템 강행/Metformin은 당뇨병의 모든 키워드 함축한 약제/Metformin, 혈당개선.심혈관질환 예방“효과”/대사증후군 환자 인슐린저항성 개선...당뇨병 예방/“내당능장애 환자, 당뇨병 걸릴 위험 높다”/“Metformin, 저혈당 일으키지 않는 대단히 좋은 약제”/국내연구서 metformin 복용 인슐린 투여량 감소 입증/“Novamet GR, 폴리머 통해 약물 분비 조절한다”/새벽녘에 생기는 공복혈당 적절한 억제 기대/의료법인 단계적 수익사업 허용/고지 혈증/건강검진수가도 종별가산율 적용돼야/

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.23-35
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• 2008

Improved nutritional intake contributes to maintaining health and quality of life in elderly population and also reducing individual and social medical costs. Most of nutrition assistance programs for elderly, such as congregate or home-delivered meal programs, are not currently serviced in rural communities mainly due to low cost efficiency of program operation. However, the needs and necessity of such programs are presumed to be higher in rural area where the population density of elderly at nutritional risk is relatively high. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to develop a community-based meal program for the rural elderly. In 2007, four rural communities located in Jeon-Nam province were selected and the pilot meal program was applied for three months. Following are key features of the meal program model developed in this study: 1) meal production and service are operated by elderly participants to overcome the voluntary personnel shortage 2) utilization of locally-produced foods is maximized to reduce the meal cost, 3) traditional cooking methods are applied to adjust the food preference of elderly, and 4) foods are serviced on site to minimize the food safety problem possibly caused by delivery process. The pilot programs resulted in high satisfaction with the programs of participating elderly. The community-based meal program model developed in this study is expected to be used as an effective nutrition and health intervention model for the rural elderly.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.87-96
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• 1997

The purpose of this study is, to examine current foodservice management practices at free meal service organization for elderly people and, to evaluate the attitude of recipients about the service and their ecological background. 6 meal service center as well as randomly selected 120 recipients at Sungnam area were surveyed and interviewed and result were summarized as follow. The cost of each meal (lunch) was ranged from 1,300 won to 1,500 won and number of attendant at meal service were ranged from 50 to 200 persons. Meal time for lunch begins from 10:30 am to noon because greater portion of people (elderly) didn't take breakfast frequently. Most of the center adapted self-service system. Standard recipe was not developed and meal preparation was controlled under the experiences of volunteer’s. Recording system of, nutrition management, production control, storage and inventory control was not well adapted by most of the center. In order to measure the level of storage, sanitation etc., scorin system in survey was adapted in this study and result are as follow: The score of sanitation of kitchen was lower than dinning area and that of food storage was lowest score. It was suggested that not only financial but also systematical support on management by local government may be necessary to meet the goal of supply nutritionally balanced food at the center. The score given by the recipient on the satisfaction of meal service was rate as 4.8 at the 5-point maximum scale. Meeting friends and share social relationship was major reason (41.6% of the total) of visiting to the center. It is suggested that in order to meet the changes of the patterns of change of social and family structure, the service of the center should be extended in urban area and it is necessary to develop systematic management models for the center.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.331-339
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• 1997

With increases in senior citizens and changes in family structure, the need for long-term care system for elderly is increasing, however, the capacity and environment of Korean facilities are very limited. Health and nutritional status of long-term care residents are worse than free-living elderly. In this study, general food service management and health care practices in long-term care systems were investigated. Questionnaire were sent to the directors of all 162 long-term care facilities in Korea and 81 returned the complete answers. The results showed 1) There are slow but steady increase in long-term care systems in Korea, however, the capacity is far from adequate. Less than 10,000 elderly were resided in the facilities. Most of the systems were free-nursing homes and supported by the goverment. Staffing structure revealed that most of the facilities had a director, a secretary, nurses, but only 21% of the systerm hired a dietitian. It showed the shortage of nurses, physical therapists, and dietitians. Therefore, food purchasing, menu planning, food delivery, and the other food service management processes are handled by non-professionals, such as director, secretary, or cooks. Modified fool frequency questionnaire were used to get the frequencies of each food items used in menu and a menu-analysis was made on the one-day menu provided by the facilities. The results showed relatively satisfactory in nutrients content and food frequencies., however, this was about what was used in menu, not what was eaten by the residents. Therefore this results did not tell that the food intake status of individuals. In most facilities general health checkup was done on a regular basis, and had residents with various chronic degenerative diseases, such as hypertension, neuralgia, stroke, arthritis, diabetes. But the items checked on health checkup included weight, height, blood and urine tests, X-ray test, which suggested that the checkup lists should be revised to accomodate the health problem of the aged today.