• Journal of Educational Research in Mathematics
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.177-188
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• 2015

In this paper, I investigated the historical development process for the product of two vectors in the plane and space, and draw implications for educational guidance to internal and external product of vectors based on it. The results of the historical analysis show that efforts to define the product of the two line segments having different direction in the plane justified the rules of complex algebraic calculations with its length of the product of their lengths and its direction of the sum of their directions. Also, the efforts to define the product of the two line segments having different direction in three dimensional space led to the introduction of quaternion. In addition, It is founded that the inner product and outer product of vectors was derived from the real part and vector part of multiplication of two quaternions. Based on these results, I claimed that we should review the current deployment method of making inner product and outer product as multiplications that are not related to each other, and suggested one approach for connecting the inner and outer product.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Sensory Integration
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.11-21
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• 2016

Objective : The purpose of the study is to examine the construct validity and internal consistency of the Sensory Processing Scale for Children (SPS-C). Method : 117 participants who are aged 3 to 5 years old has been evaluated by the Sensory Processing Scale for Children (SPS-C) for this study and the period is from November 2014 to June 2016. Statistics used for data analysis is factor analysis for construct validity and Cronbach's alpha for internal consistency. Results : In the factor analysis, the items in auditory, visual, and tactile showed a high factor loading, respectively. The items in vestibular and proprioceptive were overlapped. For internal consistency, Cronbach's alpha was .728 for whole scale which is high level. And Cronbach's alpha of each factor was range within .326~.636. Conclusion : The results of the psychometric test in this study evidence that the SPS-C is valid and reliable to be utilized. Further study need to examine various validities and reliabilities as well as standardization.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.219-229
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of internal and external motivation and self -efficacy on the development of creative leadership as a collective of self-leadership, servant leadership and problem-solving leadership. For the study, Amabile's work preference, self-efficacy test, and creative leadership test were conducted in 195 nursing students at G city. Correlation analysis and regression analysis were conducted through SPSS24.0 program. First, creative leadership showed a significant positive correlation with internal motivation and self-efficacy. Second, multiple regression analysis was conducted focusing on factors showing significant differences in correlation. As a result, self-efficacy and intrinsic motivation were the factors influencing creative leadership. There was 60% explanatory force. It is necessary to improve self-efficacy and intrinsic motivation in order to improve creative leadership.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.39 no.5
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• pp.91-100
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• 2011

This study aimed at the identity of the landscape architectural award, which is the highest authority award system in landscape architecture; the establishment of cooperation between the landscape architecture and urban public sector, which deals with infrastructure is significantly requested nowadays. The identity characteristic of a detailed concept which configures the sameness in the shape of inner self-cognition and individuality as external and correlative cognition are utilized as the research methodology, and the findings are summarized as follows. The Korean Landscape Architectural Award holds an internal value as the only award in landscape architecture that is granted municipalities and public agencies. However, when it is compared with several correlated award systems, the vulnerable sides such as short origin and partly limping in terms of sustainability, the possibilities of losing the interest in the public sector due to management's reform program and insufficient participants and responses regarding social authority have been found. In addition, according to the today's paradigm tha taims for green cities, the aspect that shares the large portion with the values set by detailed categories of city planning that enforces metropolis awards is also in the spotlight. Hence, the landscape architectural award should construct specialization and development strategies by strengthening the superiority compared with the city award in the field of city planning. In other words, the Ministry of Land, not limited to the systematic cooperation with various administrative areas will be strengthened and it will communicate with the aspect that reinforces characters as an academic and practical area that covers various districts and disciplines. Thus, the identity is directly connected to the landscape architectural award's competitive reinforcement as a detailed characteristic variously combined, and it requires huge interest and discussions regarding internal and external landscape architecture areas and the democratic public discussion process.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.12
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• pp.62-70
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• 2016

This study investigated the development of a Korean version of the Ayurvedic constitution questionnaire and sought to verify its validity and reliability. Each study subject completed a self-administered questionnaire consisting of 63 questions. The Ayurvedic constitutions were placed into 7 categories. The results from 271 subjects revealed that the internal consistency reliability (Cronbach's ${\alpha}$) in the 41 item biometric signature part of the questionnaire was 0.757. The Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ for the 22 item psychological part was 0.616, whereas the Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ for the entire 63 items was 0.840. Taken together, the results indicate that the Korean version of the Ayurvedic questionnaire was valid. Within the questionnaire, the fourth item about body and the ninth item about psychological showed item-total correlations with negative total values, thereby indicating inconsistent (less reliable) responses. The remaining 61 items had a 0.864 degree of reliability. The results for the pure Vata Pitta and Kapha body types showed a high level of internal consistency reliability, presumably because those participants were of a pure constitution type. The Kappa factor for inter-item coincidence between the judgment of Ayurvedic constitution experts and the judgment derived from the written test scores was 0.619, thereby indicating questionnaire validity. The results of this study may be useful in further development of a Korean version of the Ayurveda constitution questionnaire.

• Korean Journal of School Psychology
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.159-187
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to shed light on a role of hope in understanding the relationship between the search for meaning in life and academic satisfaction and to suggest ways to increase hope among Korean students. We hypothesized that the relationship between search for meaning in life and academic satisfaction would be mediated by hope and the positive relationship between search for meaning and hope would be strengthened by family support and friend support. We conducted two surveys to examine the hypotheses. Based on Study 1 using a sample of 190 undergraduate students, we found that the relationship between search for meaning in life and academic satisfaction was fully mediated by hope. In Study 2, we examined the four types of hope that include internal hope and three types of external hope (i.e., family, friends, and supernatural being) to extend knowledge on what features of hope mediate the relationships between search for meaning and academic satisfaction. Study 2 based on a sample of 313 high school students showed that the link from the search for meaning in life and academic satisfaction was fully mediated by internal hope and external-peers hope. The mediating effects of external-family hope and external-spiritual hope were not significant in Study 2. Also, we found that family support strengthened the positive links from the search for meaning in life to hope (Study 1) and to internal hope (Study 2) while the interactive effects of friend support and the search for meaning on hope were not significant in both studies. Based on the results, we discussed several implications, limitations, and recommendations for future research.

• 한국사회복지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.359-376
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• 2003

본 연구의 목적은 저소득층 편부모의 자아통제가 심리적 안녕감에 미치는 요인들을 살펴봄으로써 이들 대상의 심리적 안녕감을 향상시킬 수 있는 정색적 시사점을 얻고자 하였다. 본 연구는 편의표본추출방법에 따라 저소득층이 밀집된 48개 지역에 거주하는 635명의 편부모를 대상으로 구조화된 자기 기입식 설문지를 이용만 우편설문조사를 실시하였다. 본 연구에서 종속 변수인 심리적 안녕감은 우울증, 자존감, 삶의 만족도 등이며, 독립변수로 인구사회적 배경 요인(모델 1), 사회적 지원 요인(모델 2), 자아통제 요인(모델 3) 등이 사용되었다. 본 연구의 주요 초점인 자아통제 요인은 내외통제성, 적극적 대처, 소극적 대처 등으로 구성되었다. 자료분석은 위계적 다중회귀분석(Hierarchical Multiple Regression Analysis)이 활용되었다. 본 연구에서 나타난 주요 결과는 다음과 같다. 1) 우울증 모델에서는 자아통제 요인이 모두 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 판명되었다. 내적 통제감이 높고 소극적 대처력이 낮고 적극적 대처력이 높을수록 우울증이 낮게 나타났다. 다른 유의한 변인은 건강상태로 건강할수록 우울증이 낮았다. 2) 자존감 모델에서는 자아통제 요인 중 내외통제청과 적극적 대처력이 유의한 변인으로 판명되어, 내적 통제감이 놓고 적극적 대처를 많이 하는 편부모일수록 자존감이 높았다. 또한 고연령이고, 건강상태가 좋고, 종교를 갖고 있으며 자녀와의 관계가 가까울수록 자존감이 높았다. 3) 삶의 만족도 모델에서는 자아통제, 소극적 대처, 적극적 대처가 유의한 변인으로 분석되어, 내적 통제감이 높고, 소극적 대처는 낮으며 적극적 대처력이 높은 편부모가 삶의 민족도가 높은 것으로 나타났다. 수입, 건강, 종교, 자녀와의 관계는 두 모델에서는 유의하였으나, 자아통제 요인을 첨가하자 의미성이 없어졌다. 예상외로 부모, 형제, 친구, 공공기관, 종교기관으로부터 받는 사회적 지지는 거의 모든 모델에서 유의한 영향을 주지 않았다. 이러한 결과는 저소득층에게 제공되어지는 사회적 지지가 미미한 편으로 변이가 없기 때문으로 해결될 수 있다. 따라서, 저소득층 편부모에게 사회적 지지는 물론 자아통제를 제고하는 것이 그들의 심리적 안녕감을 높게 하는 주요 방안이라 팔 수 있다. 앞으로 저소득층 편부모의 자아통제를 제고할 수 있는 다양한 프로그램의 개발 및 이의 적극적 실행방안이 모색되어야 할 것이다.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.32 no.2 s.91
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• pp.71-78
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• 2002

It could be suggested that adult orthodontic patients may have peculiar psychological features as well as different periodontal tissue conditions compared with adolescent patients. The aims of the present investigation were to explore the relationships between psychological characteristics and treatment compliance of patient to orthodontist and assistants (dental hygienists). Two types of locus of control data (I-score, Internal locus of control score ; E-score, External locus of control score) were obtained for 312 adult patients and 765 adolescents and then analyzed in relation to their sex and treatment compliance. In general, orthodontic patients showed higher I-score trends than ordinary persons and adult patients manifested higher I-score than adolescent patients. Unlike adult patients, female adolescent patients showed higher I-score than male adolescent patients. Adult patients with higher E-score and adolescent patients with higher I-score than their counter-part subgroup were classified into more compliant group. Orthodontist performed more generous decision about patients' compliance than assistants. The results of this study also suggest that psychological survey in orthodontic field could comprise useful diagnostic criteria.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.41-50
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• 2003

We tested the capability of the pleasure and arousal dimension-based facial expression synthesis system and proposed the most effective interface for it. First, we tried to confirm the adequateness of the dimensional model as a basic structure of the internal states for the system. Fer it, subjects compared the 17 facial expressions on the two axes. The results validated the fundamental hypothesis of the system. Second, we chose 21 representative expressions from the system to test its performance and had subjects rate their similarities. We analyzed these data using multidimensional scaling methods and these results verified the system's reliability. Third, we compared the efficiencies of two interfaces -coordinate values and slide bars- to find the most suitable interface for the system. Subjects synthesise 25 facial expressions with each interface of it. The results showed that the visualization of two dimensional values into Cartesian coordinate is more stable as an input display of facial expression synthesis system based on dimensions.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.88-92
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• 2007

Objective : Tellegen Absorption Scale(TAS) is an instrument intended to assess hypnotizability and designed to sample absorbing and self-altering experiences, including dissociative experiences. The present study attempted to identify the internal structure of TAS. Methods : One hundred and thirty nine undergraduates completed the Korean version of Tellegen Absorption Scale(TAS-K). Cronbach's alpha was calculated and factor analyses were done. Results : An exploratory principal-components analysis yielded three factors accounting for 31.06% of variance. Factor 1 included dissociative(dissociation-like) experiences, factor 2 tapped imaginative involvements, and factor 3 had to do with perceptual sensitivity. Conclusion : TAS-K may include absorbing and self-altering experiences.