• Title/Summary/Keyword: 납유리

Search Result 20, Processing Time 0.025 seconds

Chemical Compositions of Glass Beads from Tombs of Hakso-ri Site, O'chang (오창 학소리유적 토광묘내 유리구슬의 화학적 특성 - 37호 및 40호 -)

  • Chung, Kwang Yong;Kang, Hyung Tae;Koh, Min Jeong;Kim, Hwa Jung
    • 보존과학연구
    • /
    • s.32
    • /
    • pp.113-121
    • /
    • 2011
  • Four glass beads from Hakso-ri site, O'chang were analyzed for thirteen oxides with SEM/EDS and lead isotope ratios with TIMS respectively. These samples were classified to potash glass system($K_2O-CaO-SiO_2$) with HCLA(High CaO, Low $Al_2O_3$). However three samples with above 4% for lead could be classified to potash-lead ($K_2O-PbO-CaO-SiO_2$)glass system and it seemed that coloring agent for greenish blue was Cu. Lead isotope ratio data for four samples did not make a group but scattered to the space respectively. It needs more study for compositions and lead iosotope data of potash-lead glasses with regions and ages.

  • PDF

Optimization of Optical Transmittance in Plasma Display Panel (PDP의 광투과특성 최적화에 관한 연구)

  • 최규남
    • Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics D
    • /
    • v.35D no.11
    • /
    • pp.78-84
    • /
    • 1998
  • Refractive index was matched using the inhomogeneous dielectric layers to enhance the optical transmittance of surface discharge type AC PDP. The transmittance of upper panel which had two index-matched inhomogeneous dielectric layers was measured as 85%, and this result is regarded as 15% better transmittance than that of conventional structure, which is about 70%.

  • PDF

Investigation of the 19th~20th century Hat String Materials at the National Folk Museum of Korea: Amber, Tortoise Shell, Plastics, Glass (국립민속박물관 소장 19~20세기 갓끈 재질 조사: 호박, 대모, 플라스틱, 유리를 중심으로)

  • Oh, Joon-Suk;Lee, Sae-Rom;Hwang, Min-Young;Noh, Soo-Jung;Lee, Young-Min;Park, Sung-Hee;Lim, Sung-Hee
    • Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
    • /
    • v.51 no.4
    • /
    • pp.66-83
    • /
    • 2018
  • This article focuses how the materials of hatstrings of the 19th to 20th century gat, the Korean top hat for men among the collections of National Folk Museum of Korea, was transformed after port opening treaties with overseas since 1876. As a result of analyzing the materials of the hatstrings, amber, tortoiseshell, wood and bamboo as the traditional materials were used, and ivory, glass (soda glass, lead glass, alkali mixed glass) and plastics (cellulose nitrate, phenol-formaldehyde, polystyrene, acryl) were newly used for the hatstrings. Bamboo, wood and amber were the most frequently used materials. Bamboo was mainly used for the pipe of hatstring and were combined with beads and central decorations of other materials. This shows the trend of bamboo hatstring according to the simplification of the clothing and the culture by Regent Heungseon Daewongun. Ambers were used in the central decorations and beads and the origin of ambers was baltic amber just like the amber relics found in Korea. Compositions of glass were soda glass and alkali mixed glass which were excavated or handed down in Korea from ancient times to Joseon dynasty. But in the case of lead glass, Na2O was detected and it is considered to be a new type lead glass for crafts which came from overseas after port opening since 1876 because it showed the characteristic that it deviates from the lead glass component found in Korea. Plastics such as cellulose nitrate and phenol-formaldehyde were used as new synthetic materials to replace traditional materials such as tortoiseshell, amber, and coral as in the West. Cracks, crazing, crumbly and yellowing of cellulose nitrate of hatstrings were observed by deterioration. The survey of the materials of the 19th to 20th century hatstrings among the collections of National Folk Museum of Korea showed that the introduction of new materials such as glass and plastics were used to replace natural materials such as tortoiseshell and amber along with the use of traditional materials after port opening since 1876.

Evaluation of the Radiation Dosage Flowing out of the Hot Cell During Synthesis of 18FDG (18FDG 합성시 핫셀장비 외부로 유출 방사선의 선량 평가)

  • Jung, Hongmoon;Cho, June ho;Jung, Jaeeun;Won, Doyeon
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
    • /
    • v.7 no.5
    • /
    • pp.365-369
    • /
    • 2013
  • Intravenous injection is administered with radioactive medical isotopes to detect disease on Positron Emission Tomography (PET). In this case, typically, $^{18}FDG$ (Fluorodeoxyglucose) is used as a radioactive medicine. Cassette equipment is needed to synthesize deoxyglucose with $^{18}F$, produced by medical cyclotron. Production of radioactive medicine creates a lot of radiation, thus Hot Cell is used to shield a secondary radiation. We measured the radiation dosage flowing out of the hot cell during synthesis of $^{18}FDG$ or distribution. The purpose of this study is to provide the information of radiation dosage regarding the occupational exposure that unintentionally occurs during the synthesis of $^{18}FDG$. In conclusion, we confirmed the radiation dosage out of the hot cell during the $^{18}FDG$ synthesis. Especially, we observed that the radiation flowed out through the lead window, attached as a view port. Thus, it is considered that the improvement of a lead window is necessary in order to decrease the occupational exposure during the $^{18}FDG$ synthesis.

Radiation Exposure Evaluation Depending on Radiation Workers' Locations during Dental Radiography (치과방사선 검사 시 방사선작업종사자의 위치에 따른 방사선 노출 평가)

  • Jeong, Cheonsoo;Kim, Jiyoung
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
    • /
    • v.9 no.7
    • /
    • pp.433-438
    • /
    • 2015
  • To evaluate the radiation exposure level based on radiation workers' locations in dental radiography, the radiation dose rate in the radiographic room, lead glass, and operation system was measured. To that end, various devices were used, such as a Standard(Max-GLS, Shinhung), a panorama (PCH-2500, Vatech), a cephalometric radiography (PCH-2500), and a cone beam CT (PHT-30LFO, Vatech), as well as a PM1405 equipment as a radiation meter. Radiography conditions were set the same as the factors used in the clinical setting. As the result, the cone beam CT turned out the highest with 98 uSv and the standard showed the lowest level with 0.4 uSv/h. The panorama was measured to be higher than the Cephalo due to its different focus mode. On the lead glass surface and in the operation stand, the oral radiography device, panoramic, and Cephalo all were measured below the recording level. However, the cone beam CT was measured to have the leakage dose. Thus, radiation involved workers should be equipped with appropriate protection tools and reduce radiography time as much as possible. In addition, the structure of the radiation chamber should be also designed efficiently. Dental radiography has continued to grow in recent years, so it is necessary take appropriate protection measures for patients and radiation workers.

The Evaluation of Space Dose Distribution for Digital Mammography Equipment (디지털 유방촬영장비에 관한 공간선량율 평가)

  • Jung, Hongmoon;Jung, Jaeeun;Hyun, Hyejin;Won, Doyeon
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
    • /
    • v.9 no.1
    • /
    • pp.61-65
    • /
    • 2015
  • Mammography equipment is an essential detector for making an early diagnosis of female's breast lesion. Recently, in most hospitals, a digital mammography detector is used due to the wide and consistent supply of digital mammography equipment. However, the average effective radiation is increasing due to the indiscreet use of CR or DR mammography. The purpose of this study is to recognize the possible indirect radiation damage, which can be occurred due to an excessive effective exposure of radiation, by evaluating spacial radiation rate of the digital mammography detector used for female patient. Consequently, the high mount of spacial radiation showed digital mammography equipment on the horizontal direction. Considering the result, digital mammography equipment should be installed by avoiding along the horizontal direction.

Assessment of Spatial Dose Distribution in the Diagnostic Imaging Laboratory by Monte Carlo Simulation (몬테카를로 전산해석에 의한 X선 실습실의 공간선량분포 평가)

  • Cho, Yun-Hyeong;Kang, Bo Sun
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
    • /
    • v.11 no.6
    • /
    • pp.423-428
    • /
    • 2017
  • In this study, the calculation of the effective spatial dose distribution of the diagnostic imaging laboratory of K university was performed by the Monte Carlo simulation. The radiation generator has a maximum tube voltage of 150 kVp and a maximum current of 700 mA. Using the results, we compared the spatial effective dose distributions of diagnostic imaging laboratory when the shielding door was closed and opened. In conclusion, it was found that the effective dose in the operating room of the diagnostic imaging laboratory does not exceed the annual dose limit (6 mSv/y) of the student (occasional visitor) even when the door is opened. However, since the effective dose when the door is open is about 16 times higher in front of the lead glass window and about 3,000 times higher in front of the doorway than the case when the door is closed, closing the shielding door at the time of the practical exercising reduces unnecessary radiation exposure by great extent.

An Analysis of the Characteristics of Glass Beads from the Joseon Dynasty Using Non-destructive Analysis (비파괴 분석을 활용한 조선시대 유리구슬의 특성 분석)

  • Lee Sujin;Kim Gyuho
    • Conservation Science in Museum
    • /
    • v.30
    • /
    • pp.71-88
    • /
    • 2023
  • This paper examined the visible characteristics and chemical composition of glass beads from the Joseon Dynasty as well as the associations thereof. It also explored the characteristics and uses of glass beads by region. This study covered a total of 1,819 pieces excavated from 25 locations in the Gyeonggi, Chungcheong, and Gyeongsang regions, of which 537 pieces were analyzed for their chemical composition. Glass beads of the Joseon Dynasty take a variety of shapes such as a Round, Coil, Floral, Segmented, Flat, Oval, and Calabash. Colors vary from shades of brown (brown, lemon yellow) and shades of blue (Bluish-Green, greenish-Blue, Purple-Blue) to shades of white (colorless, white) and shades of green (Green, Greenish-Blue, Greenish-Brown). Brown accounts for the largest percentage, followed by Bluish-Green, greenish-Blue. It was identified that Drawing technique was the most common glass bead production technique of the Joseon Dynasty. Potassium oxide (K2O) was the most common flux agent for glass beads, while the potash glass and mixed alkali glass groups account for the largest quantity. The choice of stabilizers depended on the type of flux agents used, but the most common were calcium oxide (CaO) and aluminum oxide (Al2O3). The potash glass and potash lead glass groups are high in CaO and low in Al2O3, the mixed alkali glass group is high in CaO, and the lead glass group is low in CaO. In terms of the association between color and shape, most of the beads with shade of brown and blue have round shapes of brown and blue have spherical shapes, while the coil shape is prominent in blue beads. A high percentage of green and colorless beads also take the shape of a coil, while white beads in general have a floral shape. In terms of the association between shape and chemical composition, round, floral and segmented shapes account for a high percentage of the potash glass group, while coil and flat shapes are common in the mixed alkali glass group. This paper also analyzed the colorants for each color based on the association between color and chemical composition. Iron (Fe) was used as the colorant for brown and white, and titanium (Ti) and iron were used for light yellow. Purple-Blue was produced by by cobalt (Co), and greenish-Blue, Bluish-Green, green, Greenish-Blue were produced by iron and copper (Cu). Colorless beads had a generally low colorant content.

Scientific Conservation and Analysis of Octagonal Green Glass Bottle Excavated from Tomb Hwayu princess (화유옹주묘 출토 녹유리장경각병-보존과 분석)

  • Gang, Hyeong-Tae;Yang, Pil-Seung;Heo, U-Yeong;Jo, Nam-Cheol
    • KOMUNHWA
    • /
    • no.70
    • /
    • pp.5-15
    • /
    • 2007
  • Octagonal green glass bottle with long neck(녹유리장경각병) was found in the tomb of the princess Hwayu who was King Youngjo's daughter by a concubine while the tomb was exhumed and buried in another place around Bucheon City, Gyeonggi-do. This octagonal glass bottle is dark green. It was made in AD 1736-A1795 because it was cngraved an inscription of "건륭년제" the bottom. This glass bottle was taken an X-ray radiography and tested adhesives and restoration materials for the conservation. Loctite 401 was suitable as considering the translucency of the glass bottle, good adhesive property and reversibility of the adhesive so it was chosen. A minute piece of the glass was analyzed the composition and lead isotope ratio. Major chemical composition of the glass bottle consisted of SiO2, K2O, and PbO system and the ratio was 68: 18.5:5.7. Green color of glass bottle was due to Fe2O3 and CuO. When the glass bottle was made, quartz as raw material of silica and K2O as natural saltpeter(KNO3) were utilized. As a result of lead isotope ratio analysis, it was suggested that the galena as raw material of lead for glass making came from the southern part of China. These results are expected to become useful data in background of glass culture and circulation study of old glass.

  • PDF

Application of Science for Interpreting Archaeological Materials(II) - Production and Flow of Lead Glass from Mireuksa Temple - (고고자료(考古資料)의 자연과학(自然科學) 응용(應用)(II) - 익산(益山) 미륵사지(彌勒寺址) 납유리(琉璃)의 제조(製造) 및 유통(流通) -)

  • Kang, Hyung-Tae;Kim, Seong-Bae;Huh, Woo-Young;Kim, Gyu-Ho
    • Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
    • /
    • v.36
    • /
    • pp.241-266
    • /
    • 2003
  • Glass pieces excavated from Mireuksa Temple dated $7^{th}$ century A.D. were characterized by chemical composition, specific gravity and melting point. Lead isotope ratios of lead glasses were also compared with those of lead ore to attribute which lead ore was delivered for making lead glass. It was known that some lead glasses found in Japan were similar with those of Mireuksa Temple as comparing the data of chemical composition and lead isotope ratios. Characteristics of lead glass from Mireuksa Temple Thirty five glass pieces of Mireuksa Temple were analyzed for five oxides and found that all was lead glass system(PbO-$SiO_2$) with the range of 70~79% for PbO and 20~28% for $SiO_2$. The concentrations of oxides such as $Al_2O_3$, $Fe_2O_3$ and CuO were below 0.4%, 0.3% and 0.9%, respectively. Principal component analysis(PCA) as a statistical method was carried out to classify glasses with the similarities of chemical concentrations. The result of PCA has shown that three groups of glasses were created according to the excavation positions and two major oxides(PbO and $SiO_2$) greatly contributed to the dispersion of glasses on principal component 1(PC1) axis and trace element oxides($Al_2O_3$ and $Fe_2O_3$) for PC2 axis. Most of lead glasses were greenish by the efficacy of iron and copper oxides and some showed yellowish-green. The gravity of lead glasses was about 4.4~5.4 and estimated melting point was near $670^{\circ}C$. Lead isotope ratios of glasses were analyzed and found quite close to a lead ore from the Bupyeong mine in Gyeonggi-do. Comparison with lead glasses found in Japan Lead glasses of Mireuksa Temple were compared with those of Japan on the basis of chemical and physical data. Chemical compositions of Japanese lead glasses dated $7^{th}{\sim}8^{th}$ century A.D. were nearly similar with those of Mireuksa Temple but lead isotope ratios of those were separated into two groups. Three distribution maps of lead ores of Korea, Japan and China with lead isotope ratios were applied for lead glasses found in Japan. The result have shown that the locations of lead glasses from Fukuoka Prefecture coincided with the region of northen part of Korea and similar with those of Mireuksa Temple and lead glasses from Nara Prefecture dated $8^{th}$ century A.D. were located in the region of Japanese lead ore. This research has demonstrated that lead glasses of Mireuksa Temple conveyed to Miyajidake site, Fukuoka Prefecture around $7^{th}$ century A.D. and glass melting pots and glass beads excavated from Nara Prefecture confirmed the first use of Japanese lead ore for production of lead glasses from the end of $7^{th}$ century A.D.