• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.77-82
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• 2000

This study was conducted to establish the methods of ultrasound-guided transvaginal retrieval of oocytes (ovum pick-up) in Korean native, Hanwoo Heifers. To obtain the basic data about Hanwoo, the size of ovaries in luteal and follicular phases were measured and the number of follicles in ovaries during the estrus cycle was counted by using ultrasound. And to determine the effective anesthetic to Hanwoo, various mixture of anesthetic compounds, Rompun(equation omitted), lidocaine, Monzal(equation omitted), and Domosedan(equation omitted), were treated. The size of Hanwoo ovaries were not significant differently between luteal and follicular phases. The number of medium and small follicles were peak on day 3 and 12 of the estrous cycle, and this result suggested that Hanwoo has 2 follicular growth waves per estrus cycle. The most effective anesthetic method was intramuscular injection of a.3m! Rompun(equation omitted), epidural injection of 5$m\ell$ lidocaine and sprayed cervix by 2$m\ell$ lidocaine.

• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.76-80
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• 2005

The early gonadal development and sex differentiation of the mandarin fish, Siniperca scherzeri was described from hatch to the 130th day post-hatch (DPH). Primordial germ cells were observed on the just hatched fry (5.10 mm in total length (TL)) and began to protrude into the peritoneal cavity between mesonephric duct and gut. The primordial gonad, with the formation of genital ridge, developed on the 8-10th DPH (10.77-12.47 mm TL). Ovarian differentiation was identified by the presence of ovarian cavity and meiotic oocytes from the 40th DPH (29.75 mm TL). Testicular differentiation was identified by the presence of spermatogonial cells with efferent duct also from the 40th DPH. Sex differentiation of the mandarin fish was identified as gonochoristic type.

• Proceedings of the Korean Journal of Food and Nutrition Conference
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• 2001.12a
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• pp.124-124
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• 2001

난소화성전분(resistant starch, RS)는 건강한 사람의 소장에서 흡수되지 않는 전분과 분해된 전분의 산물을 총칭하는데. 대장에서 발효와 미생물성장, 식후 혈당, 변부피, 장통과시간, 식품의 열량가 등에 영향을 미치므로 생리적인 이점을 갖는다. 본 연구에서는 고지방식이와 콜레스테롤을 섭취란 흰쥐에서 제조과정이 다른 RS의 섭취가 저 열량원으로서 체중감소나 혈액내 지방성분을 낮추는 효과가 있는지를 알아보는 것을 목적으로 하였다. 연구방법으로 실험동물은 생후 4주된 Sprague-Dawl ey계 수컷 흰쥐로, 지방을 식이 무게의 20%, 콜레스테롤이 식이 무게의 1%로 첨가 된 고지방식이로 6주를 사육시켜 비만과 고콜레스테롤증을 유발시켰다. 고콜레스테롤이 유발된 실험동물은 섭취하는 전분의 형태가 다른 실험식이로 4주간을 더 사육하였고 사육기간이 끝난 실험동물들은 희생하여 생화학적인 실험- 혈액과 간의 총지방양, 중성지방양, 콜레스테롤양을 측정하였고, 면역능력으로 비장세포 증식, 혈장내 IgG, $C_3$양을 측정하였고. 혈장내 leptin 양을 측정하였다. 실험결과는 체중과 체내 저장지방무게가 난소화성전분 혼합군(RSNE)에서 유의적으로 감소하였다. 혈장내 지방성분을 보면, 총 지방의 경우 고지방대조군(HC)이 저지방 대조군(LC)에 비래 유의적으로 높았으며, RS를 섭취하면 유의적으로 낮아지는 경향을 보여 저지방을 섭취한 LC군에 비해서 낮은 수치를 나타내고 있다. 혈장 중성지방은 저지방 즉 고 탄수화물식이를 섭취하는 LC군이 유의적으로 높았으며 고지방을 섭취하는 경우는 실험군에 차이가 없었다. 혈장 총 콜레스테롤은 LC군에 비해 고지방과 콜레스테롤을 섭취하는 HC군이 유의적으로 높았으며. RSNE군에서는 유의적인 감소를 보였다. HDL-콜레스테롤에서는 실험군간에 차이가 없었다. 간내 총지방과 콜레스테롤량, 중성지방량은 LC군이 다른 군에 비해 유의적으로 적었으며 고지방섭취군들은 섭취하는 전분의 종류에 따른 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 면역능력을담당하는 체내 기관인 비장세포의 중식능력은 실험군간에 유의적인 차이가 없으나 혈장의 Ig G 양은 RSNE군이 유의적으로 높고, $C_3$ 양은 난소화성 전분 추출군(RSEX)에서 유의적으로 높게 나타났다. 혈장에서의 leptin 농도는 고지방 대조군인 HC군이 유의적으로 높았으며, RSNE군이 LC군과 같이 유의적으로 낮았다. 결론으로 난소화성 전분(RS)를 식이무게의 10%로 첨가하는 수준에서 순수한 RS보다는 RS제조과정 중 순수한 RS를 분리하기 전 단계인 RS를 포함한 전분이 체중감소, 체내 저장지방감소, 혈액 내 콜레스테롤을 저하시키는 효과를 보였다. 그러므로 RS의 섭취는 섭취형태에 따라 저 열량원으로, 혈액 내 지방성분을 낮추는 효과를 가진 기능성 식품소재로 사용될 수 있을 것이다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.33-39
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• 2013

Menopause is often associated with several chronic diseases, including osteoporosis, cardiovascular disease, and obesity. In this study, we investigated the ability of Eisenia bicyclis (EB) to prevent bone loss in ovariectomized rats, a model for postmenopausal osteoporosis. Extracts from EB obtained using ethanol or hot water were analyzed for total polyphenol content and osteoporosis effects in vivo. Total polyphenol content was higher with extraction by hot water compared to ethanol extraction. Fifty 8-week-old female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to four groups: the group were sham-operated rats (SHAM), ovariectomized rats (OVX-CON), and ovariectomized rats that were treated with EB at 50 mg/kg body weight (OVX-EB50) and 200 mg/kg body weight (OVX-EB200), respectively. The diets were fed to rats for 6 weeks after their operation. We found that the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity was lower in the EB extract group compared to the OVX-CON group. Collagen and pyridinoline content, in bone and cartilage, were reduced by ovariectomy, but the supplemented EB extract groups exhibited higher concentrations in their bones. These results suggest that EB can be used for the industrial development of foods with therapeutic functions.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.993-1005
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• 1996

This study was implemented in order to investigate the effects of dietary calcium-salt, estrogentreatment, and estrogen/calcium treatment on bone metabolism. Ovariectomized rats were used as animal models. Female Sprague-Dawley rats with a body weight of 250~280g were underwent ovariectomy or sham-operation. The ovariectomized rats were divided into 9 different experimental groups including the saline-treated group, the estrogen-treated group, the high calcium salt-treated group, and the estrogen/calcium treated groups and fed for 6 weeks. Creatinine and hydroxyproline in urine were analyzed. Creatinine, calcitonin, osteocalcin, alkaline phosphatase and parathyroid hormone in plasma were also determined. The results of the experiment are as follows : The ovariectomy caused a significant increase in the level of food intake, food effciency ratio and body weight gain in comparison with sham-operation. The overall food intake, food effciency ratio and body weight gain were significantly decreased by estrogen. The ovariectomized animals developed obesity as a result of increased food intake. In addition, estradiol injections suppressed food intake with a concomitant loss in body weight. The level or urinary hydroxyproline, as an indicator or bone resorntion, was higher in the ovariectomized rats compared to sham-opertion, while these decresed in the estrogen/calcium treated group. Parathyroid hormone and calcitonin in the plasma, that were used as the indicator of calcium homeostasis, parathyroid hormone higher in the ovariectomized rats compared to sham-operation. It was lowered by estrogen and high calcium treated groups; thus, estrogen and estrogen/calcium treated groups were decreased by 32% compared to saline treated group. Osteocalcin and alkaline phosphatase which are indicators of bone formation, were significantly higher in ovariectomized group, while this showed to be decreased in the estrogen and the ostrogenicalcium treated groups. Estrogen and estrogen/calcium in ovariectomized rats resulted in lower bone loss. However, estrogen treated group its gradual reduction showed little effect on bone loss, while the gradual reduction of estrogen had a preventive effect on bone loss when the treatment was combined with calcium intensification.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.22 no.10
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• pp.1407-1414
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• 2012

Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is an effective regimen that has been found to prevent these diseases in postmenopausal women. However, HRT is accompanied by an increased risk of unfavorable outcomes. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of Eisenia Bicyclis extract on lipids in ovariectomized rats. Fifty 7-week-old female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to four groups: sham-operated rats (SHAM), ovariectomized rats (OVX-CON), and ovariectomized rats that were treated with Eisenia bicyclis extracts. The extract-treated diets were fed to the rats for 6 weeks after operation. Antioxidant effects were measured by DPPH free radical scavenging activity. Antioxidant activity of the ethanol extract increased in a dose-dependent manner and was about 55.9% in a concentration of 100 ${\mu}g/ml$. We measured the total cholesterol content, triglyceride content, HDL-cholesterol content, LDL-cholesterol content, atherosclerotic index, cardiac risk factor in serum, and anti-platelet aggregation and blood rheology. The total cholesterol and triglyceride concentration in serum increased for the OVX-control group, but supplementation with the E. bicyclis extract caused these factors to decrease. Notably, the serum LDL-cholesterol concentration in the OVX-EB200 group was significantly lower than the OVX-CON group. In addition, the blood passage times in rats that received the E. bicyclis extract were more rapid than the times in the untreated group (OVX-CON). Microscopic evaluation revealed that whole blood passed more smoothly through the microchannels in rats in the E. bicyclis extract supplement groups. Our results clarified the effects of E. bicyclis extract on serum lipid content in ovariectomized rats, and consequently we expect positive effects from providing E. bicyclis extract to postmenopausal women with cardiovascular disease.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.249-254
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• 2005

This study investigated the structural changes of folliculus ovarii according to the dose of the X-rays when mice were exposed to X-rays from 6MeV LINAC. The minute structural changes of folliculus ovarii were observed through an electron microscope with high magnification. Nuclei and protoplasm of granular cells in growing folliculus ovarii abruptly underwent minute structural changes according to the increase of dose of X-rays. Cell residue, by-product of cell decease, neutrophil and macrophage around follicular antrum were observed. The minute structural changes in granular cells showed typical characteristics of apoptosis: the increase of electronic density due to nuclear condensation, fragmentation of nuclei, and atrophy of protoplasm. Necrosis of cells was identified, but it was not so remarkable. Macrophage scattered with apoptotic bodies.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.191-194
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• 2007

The purpose of the present study was to set up basic information of size and status of ovaries by using ultrasonography to retrieve in vivo matured oocytes with ovum pick- up method. Ovaries were collected from the abattoir in Jeju in May and June which is breeding season. When the size of ovaries on ultrasonography was compared with real size measured by caliper, no significant difference was shown (p<0.05). The number of preovulatory follicles (>21mm) was investigated with ultrasonography and naked eyes. Ultrasonography group had 0.83 preovulatory follicles per ovary and naked-eye group had 0.75 preovulatory follicle per ovary and their average size was 2.86 cm and 2.34 cm, respectively. The average number of follicle was 4.25 with ultrasonography and 4.38 with naked eyes. There was no significant difference considering the size of follicle and number of follicle between ultrasonography and actual size except for the size of preovulatory follicle, suggesting that information of ultrasonography is able to use for OPU or other reproductive technology of mare.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.8-14
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• 2016

Granulosa cells surround the oocyte within the ovarian follicle and play an essential role in creating conditions required for oocyte as well as follicular development. The current study was conducted to examine the gene expression profile of mouse ovaries during the primordial to primary follicle transition process. Total RNAs from mouse ovaries on day 5 and day 12 were synthesized cDNA using annealing control primers. The DEGs were cloned and their identities were analyzed by BLAST search. The Plekha5 and Anxa11 were highly expressed in primary follicle stage. By contrast, their expression was increased in granulosa cells at the primary follicle stage. We have successfully discovered a list of genes expressed in day 5 and day 12 ovaries and confirmed that some of them are differentially expressed in PMF and/or PRI. This is a spatial-temporal regulatory mechanism on the ovarian folliculogenesis through membrane fusion. The gene expression profile from the current study would provide insight for future study on the mechanism(s) involved in primordial-primary follicular transition. This will provide information for identification of the mechanism of ovarian dysfunction.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.349-356
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• 2002

In order to observe the bioactivity of ovariectomized rats, nonovariertoized (sham) group, ovariectomized (Ovx) group, ovariectomized ginseng total saponin (GTS)-treated (Ovx+ GTS) group and ovariectomized ginseng water extract (GW)-treated (Ovx+CW) group were made. We measured AST (L-aspartate aminotransferase) and ALT (L-alanin aminotransferase) in sera, and MDA (malondialdehyde:lipid peroxidation), SOD (superoxide dismutase), catalase, total-glutathione (GSH + GSSG) and GPx (glutathione peroxidase) in liver tissue total homogenates of rat. AST activity of serum in Ovx group was 2.11 times increased, but ALT activity was not changed compared to Sham group. In AST activity, they tend to decrease significantly in each substance such as GTS and GW administered group. Lipidperoxides of each fraction in Ovx group were highly increased compared to Sham group. Extracts of ginseng-treated group markedly inhibited lipid peroxidation by 62% ∼72%. And as the result of the measurements of SOD, catalase, total-glutathione and GPx which are antioxidant enzyme, antioxidant enzymes in Ovx group much lower than in Sham group. But they were significantly increased in each substance such as GTS and GW, administered group. Based on the results, it is supposed that more produced free radicals decreased antioxidant enzyme. And it is also thought that extracts of ginseng can inhibit aging by reducing antioxidant enzyme.