• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.29 no.6C
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• pp.277-285
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• 2009

A series of undrained cyclic triaxial tests were carried out to investigate the cyclic shear stress strength characteristics of sands with respect to the silt content. Silty sand was collected around the basin of Nak-Dong River and remolded in laboratory with the range of silt content 0~50% in sand located. As results, with the change of silt content cyclic shear stress ratio (CSR) at N=10 showed the maximum value at 5% and the minimum at 20% in all relative density. The development tendency of the pore water pressure analyzed by the relationship cyclic ratio and pore water pressure ratio is unrelated the change of CSR varying silt content. Comparing the results of the void ratio and skeleton void ratio after consolidation, CSR varying silt content was much affected by skeleton void ratio which is known to affect shear behavior of silty sand.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.32 no.1C
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• pp.7-16
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• 2012

In this paper, using the principle of Static Measurement Methods suggested by Huang (1998), a new experimental device has been made and used in order to calculate the unsaturated permeability of Nak-dong river sand with silt which is an important basic property in the unsaturated soil. This device was designed to measure changes of the unsaturated permeability according to the increase of matric suction. The value of the unsaturated permeability obtained in testing and that obtained using the empirical permeability functional formula were compared and analyzed. As a result, the value of the unsaturated permeability tends to be decreased according to the increase of relative density, silt content and matric suction. This tendency shows it is very closely related to the change of moisture content and void ratio. The empirical permeability functional formula presented by Frelund & Xing (1995) was regarded as the most appropriate model to represent the unsaturated permeability of Nak-dong River silty sand.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.41-50
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• 2007

The results from normally consolidated isotropic drained and undrained triaxial compression tests (NCIU and NCID) on sand with high silt content were presented in this paper. The experiments were performed on specimens of Nak-dong River sand with 63% silt content under effective confined pressures, 100 kPa to 400 kPa. From test results, Sandy silt became initially compressive but eventually appeared to provide dilatancy response throughout the entire stress-strain curve The behavior of sandy silt was more difficult to characterize than that of clay and sand due to lower plastic characteristic. Especially, the samples exhibited dilatancy development during shear after failure. The shear behavior and shear strength parameters of sandy silt can be determined as stress-strain behaviors are described by the Mohr-Coulomb failure criterion. The shear behaviors were observed increasing dilatancy volume change tendency with strain-softening tendency after failure. In this paper, the behavior of dilatancy depends on not only sand content but also fine content with low-cohesion during shear in the samples of sandy silt.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.11 no.12
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• pp.57-62
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• 2010

In this study, the effect of different silt contents on the shear characteristics of silty sands was evaluated. Two series of triaxial compression tests were performed on the cylindrical specimens of compacted Nakdong river sand with 10% and 30% silt contents under unconsolidated undrained condition. All identical specimens were prepared to compact with same initial water content for five layers and saturated using control panel and then sheared under initial effective confining pressure, 100 to 400kPa. All specimens exhibited a strain softening tendency after failure in stress-strain curves and deviator stresses of specimens with 10% silt content were greater than those of specimens with 30% silt content. Pore water pressures of specimens with 10% silt content were observed negative(i.e. swelling) due to increasing void ratio after failure but those of specimens with 30% silt content were shown only positive. The behavior of compacted cylindrical specimens with low silt content was more dilative than that of high silt content. Peak deviator stresses decreased as increasing silt content and peak pore water pressures increased as increasing silt content.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.24 no.11
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• pp.79-89
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• 2008

In this study, a series of undrained cyclic triaxial tests were performed with three different consolidation stress ratios ($K_c$=1.0, 1.5, 2.0) to investigate the undrained shear strength characteristics of sands with respect to the amount of contained silt located around the basin of Nak-dong River. The test results show that the more the sand has silt, the lower is cyclic shear stress ratio (CSR) in all $K_c$ and that the higher $K_c$ goes, the larger CSR decreases due to the increase of contained silt. The excessive pore pressure caused during shearing has an influence on the decrease of CSR by the high initial pore pressure in proportion to the amount of contained silt regardless of the $K_c$ value. After consolidation, the analysis of the skeleton void ratio of the sample reveals that the main cause of the decrease of CSR as well as the increase of the initial excessive pore pressure is the increase of the skeleton void ratio in proportion to the amount of contained silt.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.25 no.8
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• pp.774-783
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• 2004

The S wave velocity and Q$s^{-1}$ structure of the uppermost part of the soil in Nakdong Delta area have been obtained to determine the characteristics of the forementioned soil. The phase and attenuation coefficients of multichannel seismic records were inverted to obtain the S wave velocity and Q$s^{-1}$ structure of the soil. The inversion results have been compared with the borehole measurements of the area. The seismic signal of the nearest geophone from a seismic source was used as the source signal to obtain the attenuation coefficients. Amplitude ratios of the signal at each geophone to the source signal wave plotted as a function of distance for the frequency range between 10 Hz and 45 Hz. The slope of a linear regression line which fits amplitude ratio-distance relationship best for a given frequency was used as the attenuation coefficients for the frequency. The dispersion curve of Rayleigh waves and the attenuation coefficients were inverted to obtain the S-wave velocity and Q$s^{-1}$, respectively, in the uppermost 8 meter of soil layer. The borehole measurements of the area show that are two distinct layers; the upper 4 meter of silty-sand and the lower 4 meter of silty-clay. The inversion results indicate that the shear wave velocity of the upper layer is 80 m/sec and 40m/sec in the lower silty-clay layer. The spacial resolution of the shear wave velocity structure is very good down to a depth of 8 meter. The Q$s^{-1}$ in the upper silty-sand layer is 0.02 and increase to 0.03 in the lower silty-sand layer. The spacial resolution of quality factor is relatively good down to a depth of 5 meter, but very poor below the depth. In this study, the S-wave velocity is higher in the silty-clay and the Q$s^{-1}$ is smaller silty-sand than in the silty-clay. However, much more data should be analyzed and accumulated before making any generalization on the shear wave velocity and Q$s^{-1}$ of the sediments.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.47-56
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• 2013

There are many technical problems, which can not be resolved by the concept of saturated soil mechanics. Unsaturated soils show an apparent cohesion due to negative pore pressure and relatively lower permeability due to entrapped air compared to saturated soils. The determination of engineering properties of soils with various moisture content is very important to evaluate shear strength and stability of natural and engineered soils. So various researches should be made on unsaturated soils. Especially, sandy soils are widely distributed near Nakdong river, one of the four rivers where Restoration Projects were carried out. Many structures such as dams, flood control facilities, detention facilities and reservoirs have been built in this area. In this study, unsaturated triaxial compressive tests were conducted on sands or silty sands at Nakdong river in order to provide their fundamental characteristics for design and construction of geotechnical structures. As a result of the tests, the maximum deviator stress increased as the confining stress and matric suction increased. The cohesion increased non-linearly as the matric suction increased, but the angle of internal friction was marginally changed.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.31 no.3C
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• pp.93-102
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• 2011

Most experimental studies on soil liquefaction are related to clean sands. However, soils in the field or reclaimed grounds commonly contain some amounts of silt and clay rather than clean sand only. Many researchers investigated the effect of fine contents on liquefaction resistance and mainly used non-plastic fines such as silts. In this study, 10% of plastic fines with various plasticity index (PI) such as 8, 18, 50, and 377 were mixed with wet Nakdong River sand and then loose, medium, and dense specimens were prepared by undercompaction method. A series of undrained cyclic triaxial tests were carried out by applying three different cyclic stress ratios. As a result, the liquefaction resistance tended to decrease as a PI of fines in the specimens with equal fine content increased. On the other hand, the difference between loose specimens with low and high plasticity fines was not clearly observed in terms of liquefaction resistance. However, in the case of dense specimens, liquefaction resistance decreased up to 40% as a plasticity of fines increased.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2010.09b
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• pp.53-60
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• 2010

The natural soils are classified in saturated soils and unsaturated soils according to level of ground water but the research for only saturated soils has been conducted by this time. However, there are many proble.ms which are not solved by using the concept and principle of saturated soils on the natural soils. In fact, it is known that unsaturated soils represent the behavior characteristic unlike completely saturated soils because of the adhesion under the influence of negative pore water pressure, the high angle of friction and the low water permeability by the air entry. So it needs to conduct the various researches on insufficient unsaturated soils. In this paper, unsaturated triaxial compressive tests are conducted in order to do research on shear strength characteristic on sands and silty sands of Nakdong river. As a result of the tests, the cohesion is increased in non-linear type according to the change of the matric suction, but the angle of internal friction is not changed much.