• 농약과학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.55-60
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• 2001

인축독성 및 잔효성이 낮아 환경친화적인 Petroleum spray oil (PSO, D-C-Tron $Plus^{(R)}$, Caltex Oil Co.) 를 감귤나무에 살포하여 조팝나무진딧물, 이세리아깍지벌레 및 귤애가루깍지벌레에 대한 약효를 검토하였다. 0.33% PSO 의 조팝나무진딧물에 대한 방제가는 처리후 6 일까지는 90% 이상이었으나, 처리 9 일 및 14 일후에는 80% 정도로 대조약제 (furathiocarb, thiamethoxam) 보다 낮았다. PSO (0.33, 0.66, 1 %) 살포후 5 주까지의 이세리아깍지벌레에 대한 방제가는 50% 미만으로 대조약제 (메치온) 보다 크게 낮았으나, 귤애가루깍지벌레에 대한 방제가는 1% PSO 살포시는 95% 로 높았고 0.33% 및 0.66% 살포시에도 $50{\sim}80%$ 를 보였다. 이러한 결과는 약해를 고려하여 0.5% 이하의 농도를 살포할 경우, PSO 는 조팝나무진딧물의 방제는 물론 이세리아 및 애가루깍지벌레의 밀도경감 효과를 얻을 수 있을 것으로 보인다.

• 농약과학회지
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.87-92
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• 2000

인축독성 및 잔효성이 낮은 환경친화적인 Petroleum spray oil(PSO; DC-Tron $Plus^{(R)}$)의 살포에 따른 귤응애에 대한 방제효과 및 약해발생에 관하여 포장조건하에서 검토하였다. PSO를 0.25%, 0.33%, 0.5% 및 1%를 처리한 결과, 귤응애에 대한 방제효과는 모든 농도에서 대조약제(tebufenpyrad, bifenazate, sun spray oil)와 비교하여 비슷하거나 뛰어났으며, 약효도 40일 이상 장기간 지속되는 경향을 나타냈다. 그런데 PSO 0.5% 이상 처리시에는 감귤잎에 유침상 증상이 일부 나타났으나 2개월후에 거의 사라졌으며, 낙엽율과 낙과율은 다소 증가하는 경향이었다. 그리고 PSO 1%를 감출 더뎅이병 및 검은점무늬병의 적용약제와 각각 혼용처리한 결과, 더뎅이병 방제약제인 Fluazinam 수화제와 혼용한 경우 일부 신초가 타거나 일부 신엽에 흑점이 발생하였다. 이러한 약효와 약해 결과를 고려해 볼 때 귤응애 방제를 위한 하절기 PSO 적정 살포농도는 0.25% 또는 0.33% 정도일 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.681-688
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• 2010

기업의 사회적 책임에 대한 관심이 늘어남에 따라 이에 대한 기업의 지출이 비약적으로 증가하고 있다. 이로 인해 사회적 책임 수행을 위한 지출이 기업의 재무성과에 어떤 영향을 미치는지에 대한 연구의 필요성이 증대해졌다. 이에 따라 기업의 사회적 책임과 재무성과의 연관성 내지 영향에 관한 관계를 규명하려는 연구들이 수행되었다. 그러나 기존의 선행연구들은 연구방법과 재무성과에 대한 측정 자료들의 다양성의 문제점 등으로 상이한 실증적 결론들이 도출되었다. 따라서 본 연구는 선의경영이론(good management theory) 즉, 기업의 CSR을 수행함으로써 이해관계자 집단과의 관계가 증진되고 이를 통하여 기업의 재무성과가 향상된다는 이론에 토대를 두고 기존 연구들을 보완하고자 하는 측면에서 이루어졌다. 이를 위하여 2개의 가설을 설정하고 경제정의연구소에서 경제정의지수에 따라 발표하는 200개 기업을 대상으로 2003년부터 2005년까지 중복된 기업을 포함한 600개 기업을 샘플 기업으로 선정하였다. 또한 Paired t-test와 로지스틱 회귀분석을 이용하여 사회적 책임을 수행하지 않는 기업과 수행하는 기업, 그리고 기업이 사회적 책임을 수행하기 전과 후의 재무성과를 비교분석 하였다. 연구결과 기업이 사회적 책임을 수행하는 것은 재무성과에 부정적인 영향을 미친다는 것이었으나, CSR의 특성상 재무성과가 단기적이기보다는 보다 장기적인 관점에서 연구를 시행하고 평가하여할 필요성을 제시하였다. 그리고 사회적 책임을 수행하는 기업은 그렇지 않은 기업에 비해 재무적 성과가 높았다는 연구가설이 지지되는 결과가 도출 되었다.

• Current Photovoltaic Research
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.68-79
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• 2016

The power conversion efficiency of perovskite solar cells has remarkably increased from 3.81% to 22.1% in the past 6 years. Perovskite solar cells, which are based on the perovskite crystal structure, are fabricated using organic-inorganic hybrid materials. The advantages of these solar cells are their low cost and simple fabrication procedure. Also, they have a band gap of about 1.6 eV and effectively absorb light in the visible region. For the commercialization of perovskite solar cells in the field of photovoltaics, the issue of their long term stability cannot be overlooked. Although the development of perovskite solar cells is unprecedented, their main drawback is the degradation of the perovskite structure by moisture. This degradation is accelerated by exposure to UV light, temperature, and external bias. This paper reviews the aforesaid reasons for perovskite solar cell degradation. We also discuss the research directions that can lead to the development of perovskite solar cells with high stability.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.73-79
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• 2014

Purpose - The Korean government has revised the distribution industry development law to regulate large-scale retailer operations to protecting medium- and small-scale retailers and traditional markets. According to the revised law, large-scale retailers must follow regulations on operating hours and compulsory store closures two days per month. Based on the revised distribution industry development law, most local governments regulate operation hours and they have adopted compulsory closure programs for large-scale retail stores. However, it is argued that fresh food producers suffer from a decrease in sales based on the compulsory closure of stores operated by large-scale retailers. Large-scale retailers reduce their fresh food orders from agricultural and fishery producers because of the compulsory store closures. Fresh food producers also suffer from a decrease in prices because reduced orders lead to a decrease in auction prices based on the availability of excess goods in wholesale markets. This paper investigates the effects of operation regulations for large-scale retailers on agricultural producers by surveying agricultural and fishery producer organizations. Research design, data, methodology - A survey was conducted on 117 producer organizations of fruits and vegetables, cereals, fisheries, and livestock products from September 10 to October 4, 2012. Survey items are annual sales, shares of sales accounted for by large-scale retailers, reduction of orders and prices from large-scale retailers, methods to deal with the sales reduction, unfair trade practices of large-scale retailers, opinion of the large-scale retailer regulations, and so on. The average sales of the sampled producer organizations are 13.7 billion won and the average share of sales accounted for by large-scale retailers is 35.4%. Results - Survey results show that the sample producer organizations' sales decreased 10.1% because of the compulsory closures of stores operated by large-scale retailers. It is estimated that the total sales of producer organizations decreased 371.2 billion won because of the regulations on the operation of large-scale retailers. In addition to the direct effect of a sales decrease due to order reduction, agricultural and fishery producer organizations suffered from the secondary effect of price reduction in wholesale markets. When orders from large-scale retailers decreased, most agricultural and fishery producer organizations shipped redundant products to wholesale markets, decreasing auction prices. It was estimated that the price received decreased 21.9% when sold in other marketing channels. As producer organization sales decreased, it was reported that the labor force employed by producer organizations also decreased by 15.1%. Therefore, we can conclude that the regulations for large-scale retailer operations resulted in negative impacts on agricultural producers. Conclusions - Although the sales reduction due to the regulations for large-scale retailer operations are not great, the cumulative effects due to the continued compulsory closure of stores operated by large-scale retailers could be great. This paper suggests governmental programs that could help agricultural producer organizations to find new and effective marketing channels such as direct marketing, farmers' markets, exports, Internet shopping, and so on.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제11권12호
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• pp.71-81
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• 2013

Purpose - This study investigated the effects of consumers' selection criteria for environment-friendly agricultural products on purchase intention and the effects of consumers' attitudes and the reliability of environment-friendly agricultural products on purchase intention by using the theory of planned behavior. Subjective norms of variables of behavioral intention, attitudes toward behavior and control of the behavior were used to create selection criteria, consumers' attitudes and reliability of environment-friendly agricultural products. The study investigated the effects of consumers' selection criteria, attitudes, and reliability of environment-friendly agricultural products on purchase intention constructing models and hypotheses of mediation and moderation between selection criteria for agricultural products and purchase intention by consumers' attitudes and reliability. Research design, data, and methodology - The findings were as follows: first, consumers' selection criteria for environment-friendly agricultural products had a significantly affirmative influence upon purchase intention. Health was the most important factor of selection criteria convenience was more important than quality and familiarity was next. Consumers' attitudes and trust had a significant influence on purchase intention. Second, testing showed that consumers' attitude and trust partially mediated selection criteria: sub-factors and purchase intention were important in selection criteria. Third, testing showed that consumers' attitude and trust had a significant moderation effect between selection criteria and purchase intention. In the test of the moderation effect between sub-factors of selection criteria and purchase intention, consumers' attitude had a significantly positive influence upon health, convenience, and familiarity, and had no significant influence upon quality and purchase intention. Consumers' trust had no significant influence upon health, convenience, and quality. Results - The study provided several theoretical implications: first, an empirical analysis was undertaken with selection criteria for environmental-friendly agricultural products, consumers' attitude, and trust to investigate subjective norms, attitude toward behavior and control of behavior based on the theory of planned behavior. Second, this study investigated both the mediation effect and moderation effect of consumers' subjective norms on attitudes toward behavior, the mediating effects of perceived behavior control and changes of behavioral intention depending upon size and direction of the variables. This study also provided several practical implications. Conclusions - First, consumption of environment-friendly agricultural products did not increase despite rapid increase of production therefore, promotion of consumption and distribution was needed considering the supply and demand of the products. Second, definite standards for selection criteria were suggested to build up consumers' attitude and trust. Consumers' attitude could be improved by factors including the brand of environment-friendly agricultural products, consistent quality, solving physiological problems caused by adverse effects of environmental problems, supplementary approaches, treatment of adverse effects by eating food, and the development and supply of products in accordance with changes of lifestyle. Finally, consumers' demand for sub-factors of selection criteria could be much higher than health, convenience, and quality of the products. Therefore, a process was needed that could continuously check consumers' needs for the products. Limitations were described at the end of the study.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제15권12호
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• pp.95-102
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• 2017

Purpose - This study aims to develop diagnostic indices for managerial performance of agro-food distribution corporations. In particular, weights of diagnostic indices were estimated using the AHP method. Management diagnosis on agro-food distribution corporations is expected to increase their competitiveness in the domestic market as well as in international markets. Research design, data, and methodology - It develops weights or importance of the diagnostic indices based upon the survey of 21 experts in food distribution management. The survey was carried out using e-mail. Management diagnostic indices were developed based upon four BSC(Balanced Scorecard) perspectives of finance, learning/growth/leadership, customer, and internal process/technology. Results - Diagnostic indices on financial perspective consist on profitability, productivity, growth, stability and activity. Learning and leadership perspective indices consist of management will, CEO leadership, level of learning, innovation, and level of management information system. Customer perspective indices are branding, customer and channel management and internal process/technology indices consist of fourteen sub-indices representing technologies, efficiency, and dynamics. It was estimated that the weight of financial perspective index was 0.3, internal process/technology perspective index 0.248, customer category index 0.247, and learning, growth and leadership perspective index 0.205. This study also estimates weights of sub-indices for managerial diagnosis by four different perspectives. Estimated weight of profitability (0.085) is the greatest among financial perspective indices, followed by stability (0.072), growth (0.053), productivity (0.051), and activity (0.038). While estimated weights of leadership, capability, and information indices are 0.100, 0.061, and 0.044 respectively, weights of marketing, customer management, and quality and service indices are 0.104, 0.093, and 0.051, respectively. Among internal process/technology perspective, estimated weights of efficiency, technology, and innovation indices are 0.106, 0.088, and 0.054, respectively. Conclusions - The diagnostic indices for managerial performance of agro-food distribution corporations would be utilized by agro-food distribution corporations themselves, extension service institutions, and consultants. It is also expected that central and local governments use diagnostic indices developed in this study for the purpose of evaluating the effects of governmental support programs for agro-food distribution corporations. Futhermore researchers and consultants would modify diagnostic indices developed in this study, reflecting characteristics and situation of types of agro-food distribution corporations.

• 한국해양환경ㆍ에너지학회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.177-185
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• 2012

본 논문은 완도 금일읍 주변 해역의 내습 파랑 공간분포를 살펴보기 위해 18일간 현장 파랑관측을 실시하고 이를 외해 거문도 해양관측부이 자료와 비교하였으며, 수치모의를 통해 심해 설계파 및 계절별 평상 파랑 내습에 따른 양식장 주변의 입사파고 분포를 고찰하였다. 이를 통해 얻어진 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. (1) 현장 파랑관측을 실시한 결과, 최대파고와 유의파고의 관계식 $H_{max}=1.6H_{1/3}$에 근접하는 파랑이 다수를 나타내었다. (2) 외해 입사 파랑에너지가 연안까지 도달함에 있어서 바람의 방향에 따라서 크게 영향을 받고 있으며, N계열의 풍향은 입사 파랑에너지의 감소에, S계열 풍향은 입사파랑에너지 전달에 영향을 주고 있음을 알 수 있었다. (3) 금일읍(평길도와 생길도) 전면해역에서 최대 심해설계파고가 4~5 m이며 파고감소율은 약 38.1~47.6%, 평상파랑의 경우 하계 3.6~4.0 m, 동계 2.3~2.7 m로 나타나 파고감소율은 41.8~49.1%에 해당하였다. (4) 평길도와 생길도 남측의 경우 해양파랑의 영향이 가장 크고, 섬의 북측 청도 수도 해역이 가장 정온한 상태를 나타내었으며, 두 해역간 유의파고비는 약 6배의 차이를 나타내었다.

• 한국진공학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.29-35
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• 2012

수소화된 실리콘 질화막은 결정질 태양전지 산업에서 반사방지막과 패시베이션 층으로 널리 사용되고 있다. 또한, 수소화된 질화막은 금속 소성공정과 같은 높은 공정온도를 거친 후에도 결정질 실리콘 태양전지의 표면층으로서 충족되는 특성들이 변하지 않고 유지 되어야 한다. 본 연구에서는 Plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition 장치를 이용한 수소화된 실리콘 질화막의 특성 변화에 대한 경향성을 알아보기 위하여 증착조건의 변수(온도, 증착거리, 무선주파수 전력, 가스비율 등)들을 다양하게 가변하여 증착조건의 최적화를 찾았다. 이후 수소화된 실리콘 질화막의 전구체가 되는 사일렌($SiH_4$)과 암모니아 ($NH_3$) 가스비를 변화시켜가며 결정질 실리콘 태양전지에 사용되기 위한 박막의 광학 전기 화학적 그리고 표면 패시베이션 특성들을 분석하였다. 가스 비율에 따른 수소화된 실리콘 질화막의 굴절율 범위는 1.90~2.20까지 나타내었다. 결정질 실리콘 태양전지에 사용하기 위한 가장 적합한 특성은 3.6 ($NH_3/SiH_4$)의 가스비율을 나타내었다. 이를 통하여 $156{\times}156mm$ 대면적 결정질 실리콘 태양전지를 제작하여 17.2 %의 변환 효율을 나타내었다.

• 한방재활의학과학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.117-127
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• 2014

Objectives The purpose of this study is to find out the relationship between the hip internal rotation angle and the site of herniation of single level lumbar intervertebral disc. Methods This study was carried out to 418 patients with lumbar disc herniation diagnosed by M.R.I, who visited Bu-Chun Jaseng Hospital of Korean Medicine with low back pain. Researchers measured their hip internal rotation angle and analyzed the relationship between the hip internal rotation angle and the site of herniation of single level lumbar intervertebral disc. Results 1. Excessive right internal rotation of hip joint increases risk of L5/S1 HIVD. 2. Limited left internal rotation of hip joint decreases risk of L4/L5 HIVD. 3. In cases of L4/L5 HIVD level, there was evidence that the prevalence of HNP in men was 1.85 times as higher than that in women. 4. In cases of L5/S1 HIVD level, there was the evidence that the prevalence of HNP in men was 0.64 times as lower than that in women. Conclusions In single-segment lumbar HIVD patients, limited left internal rotation of hip joint decreases risk of HIVD of L4/5 and excessive right internal rotation of hip joint mainly leads to L5/S1 HIVD.