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The Kinematical Analysis of Straddle Jump to Push up Motion on Sports Aerobics (스포츠 에어로빅스 Straddle Jump to Push up 동작의 운동학적 분석)

  • Kim, Cha-Nam
    • Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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    • v.12 no.2
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    • pp.77-90
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    • 2002
  • This study serves the purpose of understanding about correct jump and landing motion through Kinematical Analysis of Straddle Jump to Push up Motion at target by four elite sports aerobics athletes have more than four years career. And further more that make good assistance for coaches effective guidance through an offer basic data and correct diagnosis, evaluate of motions. It was picture-taked by two-video camera for Straddle Jump to Push up Motions. Camera speeds are 60 frame/sec. There are Kinematical Variation elements for analysis, the displacement of COG, each angle displacement left/right of shoulder-joint, each angle displacement left/right of knee-joint and each speed left/right of tip of the toes. Every each person accomplished severaly 3 times and we have acquired this conclusion. The conclusions were as follows; 1. Each situation for displacement of COG showed low height of COG by phase 1, 4, 5(79.05${\pm}9.07,\;46.41{\pm}3.65,\;18.66{\pm}0.54cm$) and It showed high height of COG by phase 2, 3($120.80{\pm}6.13,\;148.12{\pm}9.19cm$). 2. Each displacement left, right of shoulder-joint flexion by phase 1($91.07{\pm}8.30,\;90.77{\pm}5.72$deg/sec)and It showed maximal extension angles by phase 2($102.48{\pm}10.00,\;102.39{\pm}10.51$deg/sec). in part of phase 3, left of shoulder-joint angle($94.43{\pm}4.12$deg/sec) showed flexion phase 1, the other right shoulder-joint angle(88.38${\pm}$4.98deg/sec) showed more a little lower than phase 1, in last phase that showed most low by phase 4($70.58{\pm}13.72,\;54.24{\pm}11.58$deg/sec). 3. Each displacement left, right of hip joint showed maximal extent conditions by phase 2, 3($160.35{\pm}22.68,\;1534.77{\pm}5.40$deg/sec, $150.04{\pm}12.79,\;145.54{\pm}13.00$deg/sec) beside, ankle-joint showed minimal angle by phase 1, 4($93.59{\pm}18.92,\;85.37{\pm}13.23$deg/sec, $66.60{\pm}15.77,\;80.60{\pm}16.57$deg/sec). 4. Each displacement left, right of hip joint showed maximal extent conditions by phase 2($157.15{\pm}9.13,\;163.52{\pm}8.18$deg/sec), and right of hip joint showed minimal angle by phase 3($110.87{\pm}13.81,\;77.53{\pm}8.95$deg/sec) It showed alike condition of low angle by phase 1, 4($91.04{\pm}2.31,\;96.26{\pm}2.20$deg/sec). 5. Each displacement left, right of knee-joint showed maximal extent conditions by phase 1, 3, 4($173.46{\pm}2.95,\;171.51{\pm}5.44$deg/sec, $172.24{\pm}4.49,\;171.26{\pm}0.65$deg/sec, $162.78{\pm}2.13,\;164.10{\pm}5.97$deg/sec) but It showed flexion only left of knee-joint by phase 2($164.45{\pm}7.51,\;159.38{\pm}3.48$deg/sec). 6. Each speed left, right of the tip of the toes showed most fastest when someone jumped with lift up leges by phase 1, 2($321.32{\pm}67.91,\;316.90{\pm}41.97$cm/sec, $410.06{\pm}153.06,\;399.77{\pm}189.34$cm/sec), It showed more less speed than phase 1,2 by phase 3($169.74{\pm}67.17,\;150.00{\pm}63.80$cm/sec) and It showed most slow speed than phase 1,2,3 by phase 4($87.22{\pm}34.90,\;85.72{\pm}52.23$cm/sec).

The Legal Nature and Problems of Air Mileage (항공마일리지의 법적 성격과 약관해석)

  • Kim, Dae-Kyu
    • The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
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    • v.25 no.2
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    • pp.163-199
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    • 2010
  • A frequent flyer program is a loyalty program offered by many airlines. Typically, airline customers enrolled in the program accumulate frequent flyer miles corresponding to the distance flown on that airline or its partners. There are other ways to accumulate miles. In recent years, more miles were awarded for using co-branded credit and debit cards than for air travel. Acquired miles can be redeemed for free air travel; for other goods or services, such as travel class upgrades, airport lounge access or priority bookings. The first modern frequent flyer program was created Texas International Airlines in 1979. This program was also adopted in Korean Air in 1984. Since then, the mileage programs have grown enormously. As of June 2009, the total member of two national airlines in Korea had been over thirty million. However, accumulated miles could be burden of airlines, because the korean corporations should record the annual financial report the accumulate mileage on a liability account by 'the international financial report standards(IFRS)' next year. The korean airlines need to minimize the accumulated miles, so that for instance Korean Airlines SKYPASS-miles expire 5 years after being earned. It means that miles earned on or after July 2008 will expire after five years if unredeemed. Thus, this paper attempt to analyze the unfairness of the mileage rules of korean airlines by examining a specific portion of the conditions relating to consumer protection, because many mileage users has difficulties using mileage programs and complained the amendment of the mileage rules. In conclusion, the contemporary mileage rules in Korea are rather unsatisfactory, because airlines is not only recognizing a mileage into a kind of benefit but also denying inheritance of mileage and the legal nature of mileage as a property right. It is necessary to amend relevant mileage rules in view of consumer protection, because air mileage is not simple benefit but a right of mileage user.

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Factors associated with the attitude of South Korean adults toward food aid to North Korea (남한 성인의 대북식량지원에 대한 태도 관련 요인)

  • Nam, Youngmin;Yoon, Jihyun
    • Journal of Nutrition and Health
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    • v.53 no.2
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    • pp.215-229
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    • 2020
  • Purpose: This study examines the attitude of South Korean adults toward food aid to North Korea and factors associated with it. Methods: An online survey involving 1,000 adults aged 19-69 years was conducted between September-October 2019. Throughout South Korea, the subjects were proportionally distributed with respect to gender, age, and region, to represent South Korean adults. Results: A total of 44.6% of the respondents agreed (Agreement group), 36.7% disagreed (Disagreement group), and 18.7% neither agreed nor disagreed to food aid to North Korea. Compared to the Disagreement group, the Agreement group had a higher concern of food aid to North Korea and a more positive perception on the effect of it. The Agreement group selected "direct assistance from the government" whereas the Disagreement group chose "support through international organizations" as the most appropriate channel for food aid to North Korea. Logistic regression analysis revealed that South Korean adults showing a more positive perception on the effect of food aid to North Korea were more likely to agree to the aid (odds ratio [OR], 19.32). Moreover, compared to the conservatives, the progressives were more likely to agree to food aid to North Korea (OR, 5.94). South Korean adults in their 40-50s were more likely to agree to food aid to North Korea than those in their 20-30s (OR, 2.81). South Korean adults with a higher concern of food aid to North Korea (OR, 3.93) and a greater positive perception on Korean unification (OR, 1.88) were more likely to agree to food aid to North Korea. Conclusion: The most important factor associated with the attitude of South Korean adults toward food aid to North Korea was their perception on the subsequent effect. As strategies to draw social consensus on food aid to North Korea, we recommend systematizing the monitoring process on the effect of providing food aid to North Korea and informing the public of the outcomes.

Genetic Variations of Chicken MC1R Gene and Associations with Feather Color of Korean Native Chicken (KNC) 'Woorimatdag' (토종 '우리맛닭' 부계 및 실용계에서 MC1R 유전자 변이 및 모색과의 연관성 분석)

  • Park, Mi Na;Kim, Tae-Hun;Lee, Hyun-Jeong;Choi, Jin Ae;Heo, Kang-Nyeong;Kim, Chong-Dae;Choo, Hyo-Jun;Han, Jae-Yong;Lee, Taeheon;Lee, Jun-Heon;Lee, Kyung-Tai
    • Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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    • v.40 no.2
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    • pp.139-145
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    • 2013
  • There are several loci controlling the feather color of birds, of which one of the most studied is Extended black (E) encoding the melanocortin 1-receptor (MC1R). Mutations in this gene affect the relative distribution of eumelanin, phaeomelanin. The association of feather color and sequence polymorphism in the melanocortin 1-receptor (MC1R) gene was investigated using Korean native chicken H breed (H_PL) and 'Woorimatdag' commercial chickens (Woorimatdag_CC). In order to correlate gene mutation to Korean native chicken feather color, single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) from MC1R gene sequence were investigated. A total of 307 birds from H_PL and Woorimatdag_CC were used. H_PL have black, black-brown feather color and Woorimatdag_CC have black with brown spots or brown with black spots. There are 6 SNPs in MC1R gene, locus T69C, C212T, A274G, G376A, G636A, T637C. 3 SNPs are nonsynonymous that change amino acid. But it is difficult to find correlation of feather color and polymorphisms. It will be needed to increase the population of Korean native chicken H breed and correlation analysis of genetic variation with feather colors.

Radiation Absorbed Dose Calculation Using Planar Images after Ho-166-CHICO Therapy (Ho-166-CHICO 치료 후 평면 영상을 이용한 방사선 흡수선량의 계산)

  • 조철우;박찬희;원재환;왕희정;김영미;박경배;이병기
    • Progress in Medical Physics
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    • v.9 no.3
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    • pp.155-162
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    • 1998
  • Ho-l66 was produced by neutron reaction in a reactor at the Korea Atomic Energy Institute (Taejon, Korea). Ho-l66 emits a high energy beta particles with a maximum energy of 1.85 MeV and small proportion of gamma rays (80 keV). Therefore, the radiation absorbed dose estimation could be based on the in-vivo quantification of the activity in tumors from the gamma camera images. Approximately 1 mCi of Ho-l66 in solution was mixed into the flood phantom and planar scintigraphic images were acquired with and without patient interposed between the phantom and scintillation camera. Transmission factor over an area of interest was calculated from the ratio of counts in selected regions of the two images described above. A dual-head gamma camera(Multispect2, Siemens, Hoffman Estates, IL, USA) equipped with medium energy collimators was utilized for imaging(80 keV${\pm}$10%). Fifty-nine year old female patient with hepatoma was enrolled into the therapeutic protocol after the informed consent obtained. Thirty millicuries(110MBq) of Ho-166-CHICO was injected into the right hepatic arterial branch supplying hepatoma. When the injection was completed, anterior and posterior scintigraphic views of the chest and pelvic regions were obtained for 3 successive days. Regions of interest (ROIs) were drawn over the organs in both the anterior and posterior views. The activity in those ROIs was estimated from geometric mean, calibration factor and transmission factors. Absorbed dose was calculated using the Marinelli formula and Medical Internal Radiation Dose (MIRD) schema. Tumor dose of the patient treated with 1110 MBq(30 mCi) Ho-l66 was calculated to be 179.7 Gy. Dose distribution to normal liver, spleen, lung and bone was 9.1, 10.3, 3.9, 5.0 % of the tumor dose respectively. In conclusion, tumor dose and absorbed dose to surrounding structures were calculated by daily external imaging after the Ho-l66 therapy for hepatoma. In order to limit the thresholding dose to each surrounding organ, absorbed dose calculation provides useful information.

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The Short Term and Intermediate Term Results of using a T-tube in Patients with Tracheal Stenosis (기관 협착 환자에서의 T-튜브의 중단기 결과)

  • Sa, Young Jo;Moon, Seok-Whan;Kim, Young-Du;Jin, Ung;Park, Jae-Kil;Kim, Jae Jun;Kim, Chi-Kyung;Jo, Keon Hyon;Park, Chan Beom;Yim, Hyeon Woo
    • Journal of Chest Surgery
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    • v.42 no.1
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    • pp.63-71
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    • 2009
  • Background: The treatment of tracheal stenosis includes less invasive bronchoscopic intervention and more invasive segmental resection & anastomosis. Depending on the patient's clinical features, sometimes all these methods are inappropriate. Silicone T-tube stenting has recently been used as an alternative, safe management of tracheal stenosis. We studied the short term and Intermediate term results of using T-tubes in patients with tracheal stenosis, and this tracheal stenosis was caused by various underlying diseases. Material and Method: We retrospectively reviewed 57 patients with tracheal stenosis and who were treated with T-tubes between Jan 1997 and Apr 2007. Based on the patient's medical records and the imaging studies, we evaluated the clinical findings and status of T-tube removal. Result: There was no T-tube related morbidity or mortality in this series. On follow-up, one patient underwent sleeve resection and end-to-end anastomosis. The T-tube could be successfully removed from 13 patients (13/57, 22.8%) without additional interventions. For another four patients, a T-tube was again inserted after removal of the first T-tube due to tracheomalacia or recurrent stenosis. Four patients died of underlying disease and cancer. The patients' gender and previous tracheostomy significantly affected T-tube removal. By contrast, multiple logistic regression analysis identified gender as a predictor of successfully removing a T-tube. Gender (p=0.033) and previous tracheostomy (p=0.036) were the two factors for success or failure of T-tube removal. Conclusion: A T-tube provided reliable patency of a stenotic airway that was caused by any etiology. We have proven that using a T-tube is safe and effective therapy for patients with tracheal stenosis for the short term or the intermediate term.

Estimation of the Accuracy of Genomic Breeding Value in Hanwoo (Korean Cattle) (한우의 유전체 육종가의 정확도 추정)

  • Lee, Seung Soo;Lee, Seung Hwan;Choi, Tae Jeong;Choy, Yun Ho;Cho, Kwang Hyun;Choi, You Lim;Cho, Yong Min;Kim, Nae Soo;Lee, Jung Jae
    • Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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    • v.55 no.1
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    • pp.13-18
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    • 2013
  • This study was conducted to estimate the Genomic Estimated Breeding Value (GEBV) using Genomic Best Linear Unbiased Prediction (GBLUP) method in Hanwoo (Korean native cattle) population. The result is expected to adapt genomic selection onto the national Hanwoo evaluation system. Carcass weight (CW), eye muscle area (EMA), backfat thickness (BT), and marbling score (MS) were investigated in 552 Hanwoo progeny-tested steers at Livestock Improvement Main Center. Animals were genotyped with Illumina BovineHD BeadChip (777K SNPs). For statistical analysis, Genetic Relationship Matrix (GRM) was formulated on the basis of genotypes and the accuracy of GEBV was estimated with 10-fold Cross-validation method. The accuracies estimated with cross-validation method were between 0.915~0.957. In 534 progeny-tested steers, the maximum difference of GEBV accuracy compared to conventional EBV for CW, EMA, BT, and MS traits were 9.56%, 5.78%, 5.78%, and 4.18% respectively. In 3,674 pedigree traced bulls, maximum increased difference of GEBV for CW, EMA, BT, and MS traits were increased as 13.54%, 6.50%, 6.50%, and 4.31% respectively. This showed that the implementation of genomic pre-selection for candidate calves to test on meat production traits could improve the genetic gain by increasing accuracy and reducing generation interval in Hanwoo genetic evaluation system to select proven bulls.

A Study on the Sanitary Management Procedures of University and Industry Foodservice Operations in Pusan (부산지역 대학 및 사업체 급식소의 위생관리 수행 수준에 관한 연구)

  • 김소희;이용우
    • Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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    • v.16 no.1
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    • pp.1-10
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    • 2001
  • The levels of sanitary management procedures in university and industry foodservices, in pusan, were investigated. The questionnaires were administed to ninety three dietitians who managed university (n=21) and industry (n=72) foodservices and then the data were statistically analyzed. When sanitary management procedures were evaluated by 5 scales method of Likers, total mean scores of time-temperature management in the process of meal production, personal hygiene, equipments and facilities hygiene in university and industry foodseryice operations were 3.48, 3.76 and 3.27, repectively. In time-temperature management, the scores for storage, purchasing and receiving, pre-preparation, cooking, assembly and service, and hot or cold holding were 3.77, 3.74, 3.55, 3.54, 3.28, 3.05, respectively, in descending order. The management levels for personal hygiene, equipments and facilities hygiene of foodservices had biger serving scale (over 901) were significnatly higher than those of lower sclaled foodservices(below 900). The scores of foodservices managed by higher aged dietitian(over 31 years) were significantly higher than those of foodservices conducted by lower aged group(below 25 years) in the management procedures of time-temperature, personal hygiene, equipments and facilities hygiene(p<0.05). The dietitian group had the regular sanitary education showed significantly higher scores than irregularly educated group in the management of time-temperature and personal hygiene.

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Analgesic Effect of Sugar Solution in Infantile Colic (설탕물이 영아 산통의 통증 감소에 미치는 영향)

  • Kim, Jong Seok;Kwon, Kyung Ho;Lee, Young A;Kim, Hyeon Jeong;Lee, Kyun Woo
    • Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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    • v.45 no.6
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    • pp.712-718
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    • 2002
  • Purpose : Infantile colic is one of the most commonly encountered problems, characterized by excessive crying in apparently healthy young infants within the first 3 months of life. It is commonly assumed that the infant with colic has distress and possible pain. In recent investigations, it has been found that sucrose has an analgesic effect in newborn infants. The purpose of this study is to examine if sugar solution as sucrose also has an analgesic effect on infant colic. Methods : This prospective randomized, double-blind placebo controlled study examined healthy term infants aged 4 to 12 weeks with colic. A total of 40 infants were randomly assigned into two groups who visited Daedong Hospital from June 1999 to June 2001. Each group received sugar solution or sterile water. All data from parental diaries and interviews were recorded and analysed blindly. Results : The daily crying time and the colic improvement score were significantly better in sugar solution group as compared with the control(P=0.019, 0.045). No significant differences were noted between groups regarding the number of night wakenings(P=0.173). Conclusion : We conclude that sugar solution has an analgesic effect on infantile colic.

Binocular Vision Corrective Spectacle Lenses Reduce Visual Fatigue in 3-D Television Viewing (양안시 교정안경의 3차원 텔레비전 시청 중 발생한 안정피로 감소)

  • Yoon, Jeong Ho;Kim, Jae-Do
    • Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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    • v.19 no.3
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    • pp.363-369
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    • 2014
  • Purpose: Three-dimensional (3D) displays are very useful in many fields, but induce physical discomforts in some people. This study is to assess symptom type and severity of asthenopia with their habitual distance corrective spectacle (HDCS) and their binocular vision corrective spectacle lenses (BVCSL) in people who feel physical discomforts. Methods: 35 adult subjects (ages $32.2{\pm}4.4$ yrs) were pre-screened out of 98 individuals to have the highest symptom/asthenopia scores following 65 minutes of 3D television viewing with HDCS. These 35 individuals were then retested symptom/asthenopia scores during they watched 3D television for 65 minutes at a distance of 2.7 m with wearing BVCSL of horizontal, vertical or base down yoked prisms. A 4-point symptom-rating scale questionnaire (0=no symptom and 3=severe) was used to assess 11 symptoms (e.g., blur, diplopia, etc.) related to visual fatigue/visual discomfort. Distance and near lateral phoria were measured using Howell phoria card and vertical phoria were measured using Maddox rod. Symptoms induced by watching 3D TV were compared between wearing HDCS and BVCSL. Results: Asthenopia in watching 3D TV with wearing BVCS was significantly lower than wearing HDCS at 5, 25, 45, and 65 minutes (all p < 0.001, paired t-tests). In only refractive error power correction power group, all asthenopia was not significantly different between HDCS and BVCSL (all $p{\geq}0.05$, paired t-tests). In prism correction groups for binocular imbalance, symptoms of asthenopia, however, was significantly lower for when wearing BVCSL than when wearing HDCS (all p < 0.05). Conclusions: Correction of phoria/vergence-based binocular vision imbalance can reduce asthenopia during 3D television viewing. An individual with binocular vision imbalance need corrected/compensated glasses with appropriate prisms prior to prolonged viewing of 3D television displays to reduce asthenopia/visual fatigue.