• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.55-64
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• 1990

Soybean fatty acid, the largest byproduct in the production of soybean oil, was formulated for hand cream, oil in water emulsion base, to improve the suppleness and elasticity of skin. The stability of emulsion observed by a macroscopic method was used as a characteristic index for deciding an optimum formula of hand creams. The optimum formula of the most stable hand cream was obtained from polynomial regression equation, contour graphs and partial derivative graphs. The values of soybean fatty acid and stearyl alcohol in the obtained optimum formula were 9.75 and 14.75 w/w%, respectively, and sodium lauryl sulfate was not needed. Experimental value for the stability of hand cream prepared according to the optimum formula was 76,14 days, and the prediction value by computation method was 73.25 days. From the results of accelerated tests by elevated temperature, the stability of hand cream by optimum formula was 1.7 year at room temperature $(25^{\circ}C)$. The hand cream containing soybean fatty acid was found to be free of primary irritant substance to the skin by Draize technique.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.52 no.3
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• pp.143-148
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• 2021

This study was performed to elucidate the inhibitory effects of Alveopora japonica extract on melanin synthesis by measuring the levels of cell viability, mRNA expression, tyrosinase activity, and melanin production in the B16F10 cell line. The effects of A. japonica extract on tyrosinase-related protein 1 (TYRP1), TYRP2, tyrosinase (TYR), and microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) mRNA expression levels and melanin content were determined. Quantitative real-time RT-PCR show that A. japonica extract decrease the mRNA expression levels of TYRP1, TYRP2, TYR, and MITF in B16F10 cell line, resulting in lower levels of melanin production compared to α-MSH-treated B16F10 cells. Tyrosinase activity assays reveal that A. japonica extract decrease melanin production in B16F10 cells. These results demonstrate the whitening effects of A. japonica extract on B16F10 cells; thus, A. japonica extract is a potent ingredient for skin whitening. Further research is needed on the mechanism of action of A. japonica extract. Such research will benefit not only cosmetics, but also the health food and medical industries.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.52 no.1
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• pp.13-18
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• 2021

This study was performed to clarify the whitening effects of anthricin on the B16F10 cell line. In order to elucidate the whitening effects of anthricin on the B16F10 cell line, cell viability, messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) expressions, tyrosinase activity assay, and melanin production assay were measured. The effects of anthricin on tyrosinase-related protein 1(TYRP1)/TYRP2/tyrosinase (TYR)/microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) mRNA expressions and melanin content were determined. Quantitative real-time RT-PCR showed that anthricin decreased the mRNA expression level of TYRP1/TYRP2/TYR/MITF genes and melanin production contents than α-MSH-treated B16F10 cells. The tyrosinase activity assay revealed that anthricin decreased the melanin production on the B16F10 cells. These data show that anthricin increases the whitening effects on the B16F10 cells; thus, anthricin is a potent ingredient for skin whitening. Thus, further research on the mechanism of action of anthricin for the development of not only cosmetics, but also healthy food and medicine should be investigated.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.52 no.2
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• pp.99-104
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• 2021

This study was performed to elucidated the inhibitory effects of 6,8-diprenylorobol on melanin synthesis by measuring the levels of cell viability, mRNA expression, tyrosinase activity, and melanin production in the B16F10 cell line. The effects of 6,8-diprenylorobol on tyrosinase-related protein 1 (TYRP1), TYRP2, tyrosinase (TYR), and microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) mRNA expression levels and melanin content were determined. Quantitative real-time RT-PCR shows that 6,8-diprenylorobol decreases the mRNA expression levels of TYRP1, TYRP2, TYR, and MITF in B16F10 cell line, resulting in lower levels of melanin production compared to α-MSH-treated B16F10 cells. Tyrosinase activity assays reveal that 6,8-diprenylorobol decreases melanin production in B16F10 cells. These results demonstrate the whitening effects of 6,8-diprenylorobol on B16F10 cells; thus, 6,8-diprenylorobol is a potent ingredient for skin whitening. Further research is needed on the mechanism of action of 6,8-diprenylorobol. Such research will benefit not only cosmetics, but also the health food and medical industries.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.83-89
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• 2012

Purpose: This article was to study the optical and surface properties of soft contact lenses (SCL) exposed to eye make-ups. Methods: Rates of the light transmission of etafilcon A (HEMA based hydrogel lens) and lotrafilcon B (silicone based hydrogel lens) exposed to four different cosmetics over time were investigated. After cleansed with multi-purpose solution (MPS), rates of the light transmission and surface change of lens that were exposed to the cosmetics for 7 consecutive days were analyzed. Results: Visible light transmissions of all lenses exposed to cosmetics decreased to 93.35% (HEMA based hydrogel lens) and 90% (silicone based hydrogel lens) compared with those of the fresh SCLs, such as 97.8% and 96.4%, respectively. It was found that cosmetic residues from powder eye shadow and mascara attached to the lenses were not removed completely when cleansed with MPS. Especially with silicone based hydrogel lens, we found a decrease in visible light transmission of the lens and noticeable particles on lens surface imaged by SEM. Conclusions: Depending on types of eye make-ups and contact lens materials, make-ups were not completely eliminated with current cleansing methods and that caused a decrease in optical property and a change in surface property of the lenses.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.46 no.8
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• pp.952-956
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• 2017

An high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis method was developed for standard determination of coixol as a functional cosmetic material in Coix lachryma-jobi var. ma-yuen roots extract. HPLC was performed on a $C_{18}$ Unison US column ($4.6{\times}250mm$, $5{\mu}m$ column) using a gradient elution of 0.1% (v/v) trifluoroacetic acid and acetonitrile at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min at $30^{\circ}C$. The analyte was detected at 290 nm. The HPLC method was validated in accordance with the International Conference on Harmonization guideline of analytical procedures with respect to specificity, precision, accuracy, and linearity. The limit of detection and quantitation were 0.07 and 0.25 mg/mL, respectively. Calibration curves showed good linearity ($R^2$>0.9995), and the precision of analysis was satisfied (less than 0.29%). Recoveries of quantified compounds ranged from 98.36 to 100.30%. This result indicates that the established HPLC method is very useful for the determination of a marker compound in C. lachryma-jobi var. ma-yuen roots extracts.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.144-151
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• 2017

This study examined the anti-inflammatory and whitening effects of Amaranth (Amaranthus spp L.) seed extract. Amaranthus spp L. seeds were extracted using 70% ethanol and then fractionated sequentially with n-hexane, dichloromethan, ethyl acetate and butanol. For the study of anti-inflammatory activity in RAW 264.7 cells, EtOAc fraction of Amaranthus spp L. seeds significantly inhibited nitrogen oxide production as well as the protein level of iNOS. Furthermore, EtOAc fraction of Amaranthus spp L. seeds inhibited expression of $TNF-{\alpha}$, PGE2 and the protein level of COX-2 in a dose-dependent manner. Inaddition, the tyrosinase inhibitory activities of the Amaranthus spp L. seed 70% ethanol extract and subfractions were also measured to see if these extracts can be used as an ingredient for whitening cosmetics. Tyrosinase is an oxidase that is a rate-limiting enzyme for controlling the production of melanin. Therefore, tyrosinase inhibitors have become increasingly important in cosmetics and medical products with regards to hyperpigmentation. EtOAc fraction of Amaranthus spp L. seeds showed mushroom tyrosinase inhibitory activity in a dose-dependent manner. This activity was more potent than that of a positive control cynandione A. These results suggest that Amaranthus spp L. seeds may be a valuable natural ingredient for the food and cosmetics industries.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.24 no.11
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• pp.1193-1199
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• 2014

The aim of this study was to show the antioxidant properties of chestnut (Castanea crenata) bur extracts fermented by Lactobacillus casei. The chestnut has been used as a cosmetic material in Korea for many years. This study showed that reactive oxygen species (ROS) were inhibited by the fermentation materials of chestnut bur extracts. The antioxidant activities were analyzed and expressed as EDA, ABTS, reducing power, SOD-like activity, hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity, superoxide anion radical scavenging activity, and nitric oxide scavenging ability. The antioxidant activities of fermentation materials from L. casei of chestnut bur extracts were higher than those of butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), and ascorbic acid (AA). Therefore, we expect that fermentation materials from L. casei of chestnut bur extracts are valuable resources as natural antioxidants and functional cosmetics ingredients.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.32 no.3 s.58
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• pp.173-180
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• 2006

Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.), one of the oldest oilseed crops, has been known to posses antioxidative and inflammatory effects. This seed contains lignan compounds such as sesamin, sesamol, sesaminol, sesaminol diglucosides (SDG), and sesaminol triglucosides (STG). Sesamin, a major lignan in sesame, displayed several biological activities including a protective effects against oxidative damage in the skin. In the present study, we investigated the effect of sesamin, sesamol, sesaminol, SDG, and STG, on nitric oxide (NO) induction and inducible nitric oxide synthane (iNOS) and cyclooxygenases-2 (COX-2) expression in lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-treated RAW 264.7 cells. The results showed that sesamol and sesaminol significantly inhibited NO generation but they were also cytotoxicity however, sesamin effectively inhibited NO production ($IC_{50}: 64{\mu}M$) without my cytotoxic effect in LPS-stimulated macrophage RAW 264.7 cells. In further study, it was founded that sesamin inhibited the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase but not COX-2 expression. These results suggest that sesamin may be useful for improvements of the inflammatory diseases.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.75-82
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• 2012

Natural moisturizing factors (NMFs) are hydrophilic and water-soluble components in stratum corneum of the skin. NMFs absorb water from outer environment and enhance the water-holding capacity of stratum corneum and thereby, prevent the dryness and increase flexibility and plasticity of skin. NMFs are mainly composed of amino acids and their metabolites that are produced from the degradation of filaggrin. Here we established a simultaneous quantification method for 22 amino acids in tape-stripped stratum corneum samples using UPLC-PDA. With this method, we analyzed amino acid contents from tape-stripped stratum corneum samples of forearm and forehead regions from 15 healthy volunteers. Amino acid contents of inner (or upper) region were higher than outer (or lower) region of stratum corneum. Amino acid contents of stratum corneum of forearm were higher by 1.5 fold than forehead region. Of note, total amino acid contents were significantly and inversely correlated with trans-epidermal water loss (TEWL), an index for skin barrier function. Especially, Ser, Glu, Gly, Ala and Thr were determined to positively affect skin mositurizing activities. In conclusion, we could demonstrate that amino acid contents of stratum corneum are closely linked with skin barrier and moisturizing function, providing an important and fundamental methodology for the study of amino acids in skin physiology.