• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.11
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• pp.324-334
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• 2019

This study investigates the characteristics of patients hospitalized at a convalescent hospital, by considering patient groups based on their medical record information. It further analyzes and correlates the factors, thus providing basic data required to improve the patient classification system at convalescent hospitals. The data includes total information of 213 medical records of patients discharged from a convalescent hospital in the Jeonbuk region during a period of one year, from January to December 2016. The study examines and correlates the days of hospitalization and the number of diseases, revealing a positive correlation having a correlation coefficient, thereby indicating that infliction with a greater number of diseases results in longer hospitalization. Based on these findings, the study raises the need to revise and supplement items on the patient assessment report to help determine the patient groups and identify medical efforts to be actually provided to patients. In addition, a proper care service system for each patient group based on their respective problems that are intensively managed according to the patient groups will be an essential element in the efficient management of convalescent hospitals. Furthermore, an important task addressed will be in managing the health of the elderly population at the national level.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.490-497
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• 2015

The aim of this study was to examine the quality of life (QOL) and its related factors in veterans with physical dysfunction. The survey data was collected from 412 patients with physical dysfunction managed at five veterans' hospitals in Seoul, Pusan, Daegu, Gwangju, and Daejeon city. The baseline for the quality of life was measured using the SF-36 (Short-Form 36), activities of daily living was measured using a Modified Barthel Index (MBI), pain level was determined using Quadruple Visual Analogue Scale (QVAS), and the depression level was assessed using Korean version of the Geriatric Depression Scale: Short-Form (SGDS-K). The SF-36 scores showed a significant correlation with age (r=-0.132), self-rated current health status (r=-0.545), active daily living (r=0.514), pain level (r=-0.243), and depression level (r=-0.565) (p<0.05). The most influential variables on the QOL were the depression level (B=-.969, p<0.001), QVAS (B=-0.163, p<0.001), and MBI (B=0.140, p<0.001). The results of this study showed that that depression, pain and activities of daily living are significant predictors of the QOL in veterans with a physical dysfunction. Therefore, healthcare providers need to consider these parameters for interventions to improve the QOL in veterans with a physical dysfunction.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2013.02a
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• pp.258-258
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• 2013

최근 건조 제품의 양질화, 고급화 및 편의화가 요구되어 이를 충족시키기 위한 새로운 건조방법이 계속 개발 되어 왔다. 이러한 방법들 중에서 저온과 진공하에서 건조가 이루어지는 진공 동결 건조는 가장 완벽한 건조 방법으로 최근 실용화 되고 있다. 진공동결건조란 건조의 한 종류로 수분을 함유한 시료를 동결시킨 후 진공펌프를 이용하여 수증기압을 3중점 이하로 낮추어 얼음을 직접 증기로 만드는 승화의 원리에 의해서 얻어진다. 분무진공동결건조의 특징은 (1) 물리적구조의 보존성, (2) 화학적인 안정성, (3) 생물학적인 활동의 보존성, (4) 제품의 높은 복원성 및 재생성이다. 따라서 분무진공동결건조 기술은 크게 진공, 분무, 동결, 건조, 멸균 등과 같은 요소기술의 복합기술이라 할 수 있다. 분말을 제조하기 위해서 진공동결건조 후 분쇄하는 방법을 사용하나 본 방법에서는 정밀화학품 제조를 위해서 분무진공동결건조 방식을 사용한다. 이를 통하여 적당한 크기인 5~10 um의 입경 제조가 가능하고, 공기동력학적인 입경이 기존 방식에 비해 작아서 허파까지의 운반효율이 1.5~2배 우수하다. 화학, 의학 분야에서의 분무동결 건조는 주로 민감한 제품, 즉 생물학적 고유성의 손상 없이 물을 제거하는데 사용되어 영구적으로 저장 가능한 상태로 보관할 수 있으며 물의 첨가로 원상태로 복구할 수 있어서 매우 각광을 받고 있다. 의약용 냉동건조 제품은 항생물질, 박테리아, 혈청, 백신, 검사 약물, 단백질을 포함하는 생물공학 제품들, 세포, 섬유, 화학제품 등이 있으며 주로 vial 또는 ampule 상태로 건조가 이루어진다.본 연구에서는 원료를 $-194^{\circ}C$의 액체질소에 분무시켜 동결된 미립자를 형성한 후 진공 및 저온상태에서얼음의 승화(sublimation)에 기반한 1차 건조와 수증기 탈착(desorption)에 기초한 2차 건조 과정으로 구성된 분무진공동결건조기를 개발하였다. 분무동결 과정의 해석을 통해 2유체식 노즐을 통해 분무된 미세 입경의 액적이 액체 질소 표면까지 도달하는 회수률, 분무 노즐의 위치, 운전 조건 및 용기의 설계의 최적화를 수행하였다. 초기 액적속도, 분무노즐의 높이, 흡입구 추가에 따른 액적 유동 및 회수의 특성을 제시하였으며 이를 통한 분사시스템 고도화 가능성을 제시하였다. 구형의 미세 입자가 적층된 제품의 동결건조 공정의 해석은 흡착승화 모델(sorption sublimation model)을 기반으로 다음과 같은 열전달, 물질전달, 상변화 모델을 고려하여 유도되었다. 분무노즐 및 냉동/진공 배기계 시작품을 개발하여, 표면의 고다공도를 갖춘 입경 3~20 m 정도의 시료를 얻을 수 있으며, 동역학적 입경 5 m 충족함을 확인하였다.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.17 no.10
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• pp.559-566
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• 2017

Despite the government operating various preventive programs to ward off accidents and diseases on business sites, diseases rates are not decreasing, unlike accident rates. In many cases, diseases caused by work have a latent period before symptoms appear or progress over a longer term, making it difficult for workers to prove the causal relation between their work and the diseases. Moreover, data related to the business site are mostly owned by the employer. Even if the employee has access to parts of such data, his lack of medical expertise limits his ability to identify the characteristics of the diseases and how it appears. In August, 2017 the Supreme Court did an about-face with its ruling on the case involving diseases caused by exposure to harmful substances in work environments, by easing the burden of proof on the employees. As such, this study focuses on the case to analyze cases involving diseases that have occurred in work environments and present their implications. In doing so, the study seeks to provide a basic set of data that can help secure the employees' labor rights and rights to health by complementing the current law in relation to recognizing industrial incidents caused by rare diseases and making work environments safer for employees.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.38-46
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• 2004

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the quality of life of staffs in a hospital. The results of the investigation were taken as a basic data of evaluating the quality of life of patients in psychiatric hospital and family members. Methods: The subjects of this study were Ankang Chungang Hospital staffs. The tool of this study was the Korean version of the SmithKline Beecham Quality of Life Scale. A total of 39 survey was returned. All answers were analyzed statistically by ANOVA or t-test. Results: Internal consistency was high, measuring 0.887 for the 23 items. Staffs have, statistically insignificant, relatively high quality of life. Indirect patient contact group and married group scored more higher than the other group. In so far as age, 30s and 40s scored more higher than the others averagely, the higher educated group, the higher quality of life, except factor competence and physical well-being. Conclusion: This study results support that the indirect patient contact group have higher quality of life in competence factor in quality of life. We recommend that the program that lift self-esteem and quality of life should be supplied for direct patient contact group who may have burnout syndrome. It will be necessary to evaluate the quality of life of patients in psychiatric hospital and patients' family members later.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.56-65
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• 2004

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the quality of life of caretaking family members who have a patient with psychiatric disorders. The results will be served as a basic data of ameliorating the quality of life of caregivers. Methods: 78 caretaking family members who have a patient with schizophrenia and 54 caretaking family members who have a patient with alcohol dependence, a total of 132 persons completed the questionnaire, and analyzed. The Korean version of the SmithKline Beecham Quality of Life Scale and the Family Burden Scale were applied. Results: There was no statistically significant correlation between burden and sex, age, income, and duration of living with patients before onset. The male caregiver showed higher quality of life than that of female. It showed statistically significant correlation between age and factor physical well-being and factor activity. 41% of variance of quality of life of caregivers were explained by the stress response, burden, and overall merits of the field of psychiatry, and the tension had the most explanatory power. Conclusion: The chronic illness may give a burden on caregivers, and that decrease the quality of life of caregivers. The longer duration of illness of patients, the lower quality of life of caregivers on competence factor. Therefore, the authors recommend the therapeutic modality must be offered to the caregivers who may experience the stress and burden.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.20 no.8
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• pp.65-74
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to analyze relationship between general characteristics of learners and learner-related variables such as learning flow, self-directedness and learner satisfaction, thereby find out effective online teaching methods and provide the necessary basic data for improving learning satisfaction. A total of 473 students of medical school in C region were the subjects of this study and surveyed for research in a self-reporting form. According to the study, proportion of 31 to 40 minutes (38.9%) of learning engaged time was the highest, 65.5% of the learners studied regularly, more than those who studied irregularly(34.5%), and the higher the grade, the higher the percentage of learners who studied regularly. Learning flow averaged 4.03 (±0.86), self-directedness averaged 4.49 (±0.97), and learner satisfaction averaged 4.38 (±1.01). There were significant differences in learning flow, self-directedness and learner satisfaction according to grade, learning engaged time, and learning regularity. the factors affecting learner satisfaction were grade, learning flow, and self-directedness, with 72.5% adjusted R-squared. This study is expected to be used to establish an online learning management system to improve learning satisfaction by identifying variables related to learning satisfaction in the online learning environment of medical students.

• The Journal of the Korean life insurance medical association
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• v.25
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• pp.79-102
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• 2006

1. 서론 o 연구배경 05년 4월에는 생손보 공통의 신체장해분류표 개정시행 및 표준약관개정이 있었으며 05년도까지는 어떤 형태로든지 장애인차별금지법안이 입법화될 것이라고 한다. 따라서 장애인의 보험이 거절되었을 경우 입증책임은 보험회사에 있게 될 것이다. 생명보험업계로서는 공 통 인수지침마련을 통해 민원소지 최소화를 위해 노력했으나 오히려 장애인차별이라는 비난을 받게 되었다. 이에 개정신체장해분류표에 대한 연구 및 언더라이팅적 시각에서의 개선방안 모색이 필요하게 되었다. o 연구방향 신체장해제도는 보험회사 뿐만 아니라 각종 법규 및 정부기관에서 다양하게 운영되고 있다. 이들에 대한 연구 및 특히 보험청약시에 주로 접하게 되는 복지장애(장애인복지법하(下))에 대해 주로 연구하여 이와 개정신체장해분류표를 비교분석 하도록 한다. 그리고 개정신체장해분류표에서 향후에 발생가능한 문제에 대해 업계경험을 토대로 개선점을 강구하도록 한다. 2. 신체장애등급의 이론적 배경 o 신체장애제도의 종류 o 국내법상의 신체장애제도 o 신체장애평가제도 근거법규 o 해외주요국의 신체장애평가제도 3. 우리나라의 장애보장제도 현황 o 국가장애등급과 생명보험 실제지급경험의 연구를 통해 신체장해비교를 통해 장애1급의 주요원인이 질병원인에 있으며 재해원인은 상대적으로 낮은 수준을 보이고 있다. 특히 질병장애의 경우 05년 3월까지 등록된 복지장애에서보다 생명 보험 지급경험에서 훨씬 높은 비율을 나타내고 있음이 05년$1{\sim}5$월 생명보험 장애1급 지급 건의 연구결과 나타났다. 문제는 복지장애와 생명보험약관상의 신체장애의 평가기준이 상이하여 등급간 정도와 신체장해물의 정도의 비교에 표준화된 이론적 근거나 tool이 없다는 것이다. 이에 대해 외국사의 경우에는 장애의 결과보다는 원인질병에 의거하여 그에 따른 후유장애로 나뉘어 인수지침을 두고 있다. o 우리나라의 신체장해 평가방법을 보면 각종 법규나 정부기관에서 사용하는 평가방법을 포함하여 대략 신체장애등급방식과 신체장해율 방식으로 나눌 수 있다. 복지장애는 독자적인 신체장애등급방식으로 장애를 평가하고 있으며 생명보험약관은 05넌4월개정시부터 손해보험의 장기보험에서 기(旣)시행중인 신체장해율방식을 쓰고 있으며 이는 미국의 A.M.A법에 근간을 두고 있다. 상호간의 판정기준이 상이한 상황에서 언더라이팅은 장애의 원인은 고려되지 않은 결과물에 해당되는 신체장해율표만 가지고 인수지침을 세우기 어려우므로 A.M.A법에 대한 연구가 필요할 것이다. 또한 손해보험경험에서 이미 문제로 대두되고 있는 한시장해와 기타 제도적 개선방향을 모색해야 할 것이다. 4. 결론 우리나라에서 운영되고 있는 장해는 원인에 대한 고려나 선천성과 후천성의 구별이 없이 운영되고 있다. 또한 신체장해 평가기준이 너무나 다양하게 운영되고 있어서 기초통계축적에도 어려움이 많다. 보험회사의 사회적 책임의 한계도 존재한다. 따라서 장해의 결과보다는 원인에 대한 연구가 더욱 필요할 것이며 이에 대한 국민의 관심 및 공감대형성이 필요할 것이다.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.18 no.4 s.31
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• pp.155-165
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• 2005

진당시기대상한론치법적연구유(晋唐時期對傷寒論治法的硏究有): 왕숙화운용당시성행적(王叔和運用當時盛行的)‘한(汗), 토(吐), 하(下), 온(溫), 구(灸), 자(刺), 수(水), 화(火)’등팔법(等八法), 귀납료상한론적증치경험(歸納了傷寒論的證治經驗); 손사막근거자기적임상경험(孫思邈根據自己的臨床經驗), 파상한론적태양병편진행료(把傷寒論的太陽病篇進行了)‘이방명법(以方名法), 안법류증(按法類證)’, 저시해시기대상한론육경병치법적대표성적연구(這是該時期對傷寒論六經病治法的代表性的硏究), 저종연구유원시화력사적국한성(這種硏究有原始和歷史的局限性), 종중국의학대상한론육경병치법적연구력사고려(從中國醫學對傷寒論六經病治法的硏究歷史考慮), 저성위료후세적치법연구적선구자(這成爲了後世的治法硏究的先驅者), 구유비상대적영향(具有非常大的影響). 재송대대상한론치법적연구상(在宋代對傷寒論治法的硏究上), 기관건작용적의가유방안시화주굉(起關鍵作用的醫家有龐安時和朱肱). 타문대상한론치료원칙적천발(他們對傷寒論治療原則的闡發), 대륙경병적분석귀납(對六經病的分析歸納), 이급제시구체적치법상(以及提示具體的治法上), 도주출료공헌(都做出了貢獻). 방안시주장료응안인(龐安時主張了應按人), 지(地), 시제정치료적사상(時制定治療的思想); 주굉이(朱肱以)‘병유표본(病有標本), 치유선후(治有先後)’위치료원칙(爲治療原則), 여상한론상결합진행치료(與傷寒論相結合進行治療), 대후세의가산생료영향(對後世醫家産生了影響). 도료금원대성무기(到了金元代成無己), 류완소(劉完素), 왕호고등(王好古等), 대내경내용각자이사상관점(對內經內容各自以思想觀点), 분별안변증론치총결료육경병적치료규율(分別按辨證論治總結了六經病的治療規律), 동시대증후화방약진행료분석(同時對證候和方藥進行了分析), 천명료구체적육경병치법적병리전귀(闡明了具體的六經病治法的病理轉歸), 도유기독창성(都有其獨創性). 성무기용내경해석료상한론(成無己用內經解釋了傷寒論), 총결해기(總結解肌) 발한(發汗) 중제발한(重劑發汗) 해표행수(解表行水) 화해(和解) 공비 지열(止熱) 삼설등치법, 위후세대상한론치법적연구개벽료도로, 인이갱가명확화해적개념(因而更加明確和解的槪念), 병응용지금(幷應用至今). 류완소제창료주화론(劉完素提倡了主火論), 중시료상한론한(重視了傷寒論汗), 토(吐), 하삼법적연구(下三法的硏究), 창립료신량해표법(創立了辛凉解表法), 대후세온병치료적발전대래료흔대영향. 왕호고작위이수학파(王好古作爲易水學派), 운용장부적한열허실이론결합약미효능(運用臟腑的寒熱虛實理論結合藥味效能), 탐색료상한론육경병적치료규율(探索了傷寒論六經病的治療規律), 강조료양명병적익진액적치료원칙(强調了陽明病的益津液的治療原則), 대후세연구상한론치법급여료흔대적계발. 이상대상한론치법연구(以上對傷寒論治法硏究), 불근성위당시임상의학적선도(不僅成爲當時臨床醫學的先導), 이차성위료후세연구상한론치법적기초(而且成爲了後世硏究傷寒論治法的基礎).

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.7
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• pp.283-304
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• 2018

mankind has evolved to stand upright a million years ago. However entering an industrial society, much has changed in only a few decades. Human beings spend more time sitting down and working, which negatively affects their bodies. Leading medical studies have shown that the prolonged working conditions have significantly affected the causes of adult illnesses that we have known. Human beings have evolved in a moving direction. So, like modern societies, sitting or standing in one space for long periods of time without movement brings various side effects to the body. Reflecting this background, this study has led to think of work in an environment that is taking the evolutionary biology perspective from a traditional standing, standing work environment. They also plan to conduct an experiment to handle work with smartphones in the hopes of expanding their mobile office environment to use smartphones in the field, which is a type of smart work. The study could help build and establish a mobile office environment, a type of smart work. In addition to using smartphones, a working environment can be created that works by moving around. Furthermore, the paradigm of the work environment of businesses and students could be changed.