• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.233-242
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• 2012

Jehotang is a cold traditional Korean drink made with honey and several ingredients used in traditional Korean medicine. The ingredients include Fructus mume, Fructus amomi, Fructus tsaoko, Santalum album and honey. In this study, Jehotang and its ingredients were determined through the analysis of antioxidant activity, total phenolic content, ${\alpha}$-glucosidase and ${\alpha}$-amylase inhibitory activity. In addition, quality characteristics of Jehotang made by a traditional recipe(Yeonmil) and a modern recipe(double boiling and boiling) were also compared in terms of pH, color and sugar content. Total phenolic content of extract from Fructus ammomi was found to be 120.45 mg, and Yeonmil recipe was discovered 152.66 mg equivalent of gallic acid per g of extract. DPPH free radical scavenging activity were Feuctus amomi(93.13%) and Yeonmil recipe(56.44%). The Fructus amomi extract showed the highest ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibitory activity(89.51%) at the concentration of $100{\mu}g/mL$. ${\alpha}$-glucosidase and ${\alpha}$-amylase inhibitory activity of boiled Jehotang were 52.38% and 72.52%, respectively. These results suggest that extract of Fructus amomi has an antioxidant activity and antidiabetic effects. Yeonmil recipe is useful for antioxidant effects more than the others. Also, the double boiling recipe has an excellent antidiabetic effect.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.430-438
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• 2002

The aim of this study was to evaluate the resistance to degradation of four commercial composite resins-Prodigy(Kerr, USA), Vitalescence(Ultradent, USA), Z 250(3M, USA), Filtek flow(3M, USA)- in an alkaline solution. Resistance to degradation was evaluated on the basis of following parameters: (a) mass loss(%), (b) Si loss(ppm), (c) degradation depth($\mu}m$). The results were as follows: 1. There was no significant difference between Prodigy and Vitalescence, also Z 250 and Filtek flow. But, there was significant difference between former group and latter group. 2. The sequence of the degree of degradation layer depth was in descending order by Z 250, Filtek flow, Prodigy, Vitalescence. There was significant difference among the materials. 3. The sequence of the Si loss was in descending order by Filtek flow, Z 250, Prodigy, Vitalescence. There was significant difference among the materials. 4. The correlation coefficient between mass loss and degradation layer depth(r=0.714, p<0.05), mass loss and Si loss(r=0.770, p<0.05), and degradation layer depth and Si loss(r=0.930, p<0.05) were relatively high. 5. When observed with SEM, destruction of bonding was observed between resin matrix and filler. 6. When observed with CLSM, degradation layer depth of composite resin surface was observed.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.17-26
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• 1999

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of Zn and Fe levels on lipid metabolism and micromineral contents in high fat diet-induced obese rats. Male sprague-dawley rats weighing approximately 100g were fed a normal or high fat diet. After 10 weeks high fat diet, rats were fed different levels of Zn and Fe. Serum triacyglycerol and HDL-cholesterol were affected to Zn and Fe levels in normal group. The micromineral (Zn, Fe, Cu, Mn) contents in liver were significantly different in high fat diet group by Zn intake levels and in normal diet group by Fe intake levels. However, micromineral contents in kidneys were not affected to different levels of Fe in both obese and normal rats. There were no differences in spleens of obese rats fed high fat diet according to Zn and Fe intake levels. But in normal group, Mn content of spleen were exclusively affected to Zn levels.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.333-340
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• 1998

Background: Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer over the world. P53 alteration is by far the most common genetic defect in lung cancer. The mutation of p53 protein involves the loss of inhibitory function of p53 related tumor suppressor gene and resultant oncogenesis. The analysis of p53 alterations consists of immunohistochemical stain, PCR based assay, or serologic ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay). Methods : Serum levels of p53 mutant protein were measured in 69 cases of lung cancer (adenocarcinoma n=29, epidermoid n=16, small cell n=13, large cell n=1, undifferentiated n=1, undetermined n=9) and 42 controls of respiratory disorders using ELISA. Immunohistochemical stain in tissue was performed using monoclonal antibody of p53 in lung cancer subjects. Results: Both serum p53s in nonsmall cell cancer ($0.28{\pm}0.44ng/ml$) and in small cell cancer ($0.20{\pm}0.14ng/ml$) were not different from controls ($0.34{\pm}0.20ng/ml$). Also there was no significant difference in serum p53 according to tumor stages. P53 immunohistochemical stain showed 50% positivity overall in lung cancer. There were no close correlation between serologic level and positivity of immunohistochemical stain. Conclusion: The serologic determination of p53 mutant protein is thought to have no diagnostic role in lung cancer. Immunohistochemical stain in lung cancer specimen shows 50% positivity.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.211-217
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• 1984

To study affinity of proteolytic enzymes to soy proteins, the physicochemical and functional properties of enzymatically modified protein products, kinetic parameters and degree of hydrolysis were measured using trypsin, alcalase (serine type protease) and pronase. Bacterial alcalase and pronase showed much greater affinity to soy protein than animal intestinal trypsin. This effect was very significant when unheated soy isolate was used as a substrate. Specific activities of these enzymes decreased with the increment of substrate concentration (over 2.0%, w/v) when heat denatured soy protein was used as a substrate. However, the decrease in specific activity was negligible at substrate concentrations lower than 2.0%. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic results showed that the pattern of 2S protein band changed distinctly in alcalase hydrolysis as compared with those of trypsin and pronase. Protein solubilities of alcalase and pronase hydrolyzates increased by 25-30%, at their pI (pH 5.0) over the control. Virtually no change was observed in solubility by trypsin hydrolysis. Heat coagulability and calcium-tolerance of the protein increased by enzymatic hydrolysis. No clear tendency, however, was observed for emulsion properties, foam expansion and the amount of free -SH groups. The enzyme treatment considerably decreased foam stability.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.235-241
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• 1984

Two fractions of pectinesterase from Chinese cabbage were isolated by ammonium sulfate fractionation, ion exchange chromatography on DEAE-cellulose and Sephadex G-150 gel filtration. The fraction F-A and F-B were purified approximately 340- and 10-fold. The similar salt effects and pH optima (pH 7.5-8.0) were obtained for the two pectinesterase fractions. The maximum activity of both two. fractions were obtained at 20-50mM of divalent rations and at 250mM of monovalent rations. The apparent Michaelis constant of the F-A was 0.01% for citrus pectin. The temperature optima for F-A and F-B were $48^{\circ}$ and $55^{\circ}C$, respectively and both fractions were stable in the region of pH 5.0-8.0 at room temperature. The thermal inactivation of the two fractions followed the first order reaction kinetics. From D and Z-values obtained the thermal resistance of the two fractions were characterized.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.27 no.9
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• pp.1086-1095
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• 2017

There is growing interest in groundwater resources to overcome the loss of surface water resources due to climate change. An understanding of the microbial community of aquifers is essential for monitoring and evaluating groundwater contamination, as well as groundwater management. Most microorganisms that inhabit aquifer ecosystems are attached to sediment particles rather than planktonic, as is the case in groundwater. Since sampling aquifer sediment is not easy, groundwater, which contains planktonic microorganisms, is generally sampled in microbial community research. Although many studies have investigated microbial communities in contaminated aquifers, there are only a few reports of microbial communities in uncontaminated or pristine aquifers, resulting in limited information on aquifer microbial diversity. Such information is needed for groundwater quality improvement. This paper describes the ecology and community structure of groundwater bacteria in uncontaminated aquifers. The diversity and structures of microbial communities in these aquifers were affected by the concentration or distribution of substrates (e.g., minerals, organic matter, etc), in addition to groundwater characteristics and human activities. Most of the microbial communities in these uncontaminated aquifers were dominated by Proteobacteria. Studies of microbial communities in uncontaminated aquifers are important to better understand the biogeochemical processes associated with groundwater quality improvement. In addition, information on the microbial communities of aquifers can be used as a basis to monitor changes in community structure due to contamination.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.152-158
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• 2016

Glutamate is one of the major excitatory neurotransmitters in the central nervous system of vertebrates. Human GDH (hGDH) is the enzyme that regulates the glutamate metabolism and its expression is higher in the brains of schizophrenia patients than in normal subjects. This study examined the changes in the hGDH enzymatic activity caused by antipsychotic drugs (haloperidol, risperidone, (${\pm}$)-sulpride, chlopromazine hydrochloride, melperone, (${\pm}$)butaclamol, domperidone, clozapine) related to schizophrenia. First of all, hGDH isozymes (hGDH1, hGDH2) were synthesized by genetic recombination. As a result of the enzyme assay, haloperidol, (${\pm}$)-sulpride, melperone and clozapine had an inhibitory effect on the hGDH isozymes. In addition, haloperidol showed a non-competitive inhibition against the substrate, 2-oxoglutarate. In contrast, it showed an uncompetitive inhibition against another substrate, NADH. The inhibitory effect of haloperidol on hGDH2 was abolished by the presence of L-leucine, an allosteric effector of hGDH, but by not other antipsychotic drugs. These results revealed the inhibition of enzyme activity by psychotropic drugs in hGDH isoenzymes (hGDH1 and hGDH2) and the possibility that haloperidol may be used to regulate the GDH activity and glutamate concentration in the central nervous system.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.189-193
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• 1999

The response of ameloblast to long term (3 weeks) exposure to fluoride was examined in continuously erupting mandibular incisors of pregnancy rats as compared to control rats receiving a similar diet (Teklad L-356) but no sodium fluoride in there drinking water. Rats were started on water containing 0 ppm, 100 ppm, 200 ppm, and 300 ppm NaF at the beginning of pregnancy. To examine on the ultrastructural changes of the ameloblast, electron microscopy was used. The results indicated that rat incisors expressed two major changes in normal amelogenesis that could be attributed to chronic fluoride treatment. The fluoride produces marked alteration in the fine structure of ameloblast from teeth of young rats, such as large confluent distensions of the endoplasmic reticulum and swelling of isolated mitochondria, in particular on the morphology of the rough-surfaced endoplasmic reticulum. A graded series of alterations to these organelles were produced, and the severity of the changes would seem to be dependent on dose and time. This experimental data suggested that exposure prolonged of animal to high level of fluoride appears to induce morphological changes in the normal appositional growth and initial mineralization of enamel created during amelogenesis.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.11-17
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• 2014

Selenium is an essential trace element for mammals, but it is very toxic. Therefore, the control of selenium concentrations should be precisely and effectively monitored. Selenium is naturally obtained through foods and seleno-L-methionine (LSeMet) is a major form of selenium. It has been reported that L-SeMet is only converted into Se-adenosyl-L-SeMet. However, a recent study suggested that L-SeMet was directly metabolized into methylselenol ($CH_3SeH$) in mouse liver extract by the reaction of cystathionine ${\gamma}$-lyase (CGL). The canonical reaction of CGL was known to catalyze the cleavage of L-cystathionine to L-cysteine, ${\alpha}$-ketobutyrate and $NH_3$. In the present study, we found that L-SeMet could be directly converted to $CH_3SeH$ using purified homogenous human CGL instead of mouse liver cytosol. Authentic $CH_3SeH$ was prepared by reduction of dimethyldiselenide with sodium tetrahydroborate. The gaseous product of the enzymatic reaction with L-SeMet was analyzed by GC/MS spectrometry. The GC/MS data was identical to that of authentic dinitrophenyl selenoether. We also analyzed the kinetic parameters for the formation of $CH_3SeH$ from L-SeMet by human and mouse CGL. These results suggest that human CGL is a critical enzyme which is responsible for L-SeMet metabolism.