• Journal of forensic and investigative science
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.5-19
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• 2006

Data mining is an information extraction activity to discover hidden facts contained in databases. Using a combination of machine learning, statistical analysis, modeling techniques and database technology, data mining finds patterns and subtle relationships in data and infers rules that allow the prediction of future results. Typical applications include market segmentation, customer profiling, fraud detection, evaluation of retail promotions, and credit risk analysis. Law enforcement agencies deal with mass data to investigate the crime and its amount is increasing due to the development of processing the data by using computer. Now new challenge to discover knowledge in that data is confronted to us. It can be applied in criminal investigation to find offenders by analysis of complex and relational data structures and free texts using their criminal records or statement texts. This study was aimed to evaluate possibile application of data mining and its limitation in practical criminal investigation. Clustering of the criminal cases will be possible in habitual crimes such as fraud and burglary when using data mining to identify the crime pattern. Neural network modelling, one of tools in data mining, can be applied to differentiating suspect's photograph or handwriting with that of convict or criminal profiling. A case study of in practical insurance fraud showed that data mining was useful in organized crimes such as gang, terrorism and money laundering. But the products of data mining in criminal investigation should be cautious for evaluating because data mining just offer a clue instead of conclusion. The legal regulation is needed to control the abuse of law enforcement agencies and to protect personal privacy or human rights.

• The Korean Journal of Franchise Management
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.95-110
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• 2011

As global economic conditions are getting uneasy and polarization of our economy is intensified, the economic sentiment of small businesses is still low and unstable. The collapse of worldwide banking systems due to sub prime crisis in 2007 became the catalyst that shakes financial industries in each country in the world; the most sentiment people, small businesspersons, also have hard time facing survival way out, facing a great crisis. All organizing powers including manufactures, wholesales and retails are being gradually greater in mutual relations and dependence, and unstable factors about risks are also increasing. For exterior environmental and physical risk factors which cannot make small businesses survive themselves by developing ways out are eventually increasing, those who cannot cope with these factors face a great crisis. Although the government tries hard to overcome this situation conducting many ways, the effect does not continue. It is the real state that independent business markets including overall employment and establishing business have vicious cycle that they cannot be improved, due to increase of employment centered on short-term labors which lack durability in creation of employment and decline of household income. Recently, growth shows indication of slowdown because of multinational risk factors including financial crisis in each country in Europe, the death of Kim Jung-il, relationship with North Korea, and unstability of war situation in the Middle East Asia. Experts expect that growth rate will be about 4%, and independent business that ordinary people feel is still gloomy. It's reality that there is no adequate alternative for lack of jobs, unstable employment and a means of living after retirement. Also, the fact that large companies enter the market which is narrow and in the excessive competition should be an environmental factor that makes the situation worse. The business concept, a franchise, is the part we should think about whether it is the institutional solution that can guarantee independent businessmen stable life. Major companies are frightfully entering the market today, breaking the barrier to entry and shouting of a win-win with independent businesses. It's the small businesspersons who go through painful domestic recession, cannot predict the future and manage confusing and unstable independent business. It's very important to restore the domestic economy through wisely boosting consumption as soon as possible. It's also important to lead the situation by gathering powers of the government and related organizations, agonizing, suggesting solutions, and establishing accurate directions. The purpose of this study, therefore, is to suggest ways to strengthen competitiveness of small businesspersons by examining small business support policies which are currently implemented.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.133-138
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• 2016

This research is a study on the welfare satisfaction of radiological technologists in university hospital, and was conducted in order to analysis of welfare factors and improvements. The survey was conducted on radiological technologist of a university hospital in Gyeongnam from July 14th 2014 to August 14th 2014, and we analyzed 121 of the questionnaire, which was retrieved by distributing. As a result, we looked at the welfare level of satisfaction by welfare hospital factors, each of the satisfaction scores were living welfare supports($2.83{\pm}0.43$), financial supports($4.25{\pm}0.65$), housing supports($2.28{\pm}0.46$), educational supports($2.58{\pm}0.50$), health medical supports($3.02{\pm}0.56$), culture and leisure supports($2.79{\pm}0.45$), other welfare supports($2.70{\pm}0.48$) points. The level of satisfaction with the hospital welfare support factors of average score level it was analyzed. It is important that is providing effective hospital welfare through survey for hospital welfare needs and benchmarking of welfare system of general corporate.

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.169-186
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• 2010

This study aims to reveal the ways to sharpen the edges of Korean companies through the relativity analysis between knowledge management and innovational cluster in environmental changes in resent Busan. That is, according to the knowledge management approach, the methods and directions of strengthening industrial competition were established, while the strategy of innovational clusters was suggested as a way of expanding and encouraging knowledge management. The key words of innovational cluster are in this research are the framework of Cluster theory, the importance of innovational cluster, and the change of managerial strategy paradigm. This study provide the several implication for the practice of knowledge management and the researchers. Based on these theories of knowledge management and industrial clusters, their close relationships were analyzed. As a result, industrial clusters were found to be effectively utilized to enlarge and deepen knowledge management. In addition, this suggests the efficient operation guideline of knowledge management. this study indicates both knowledge and innovational cluster should be operated and handled together in the managerial strategy. but this research has limitations in generaling the study result because it collects data from local firms only in Busan.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.99-145
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• 2003

Quasi-fiscal activities (QFAs) refer to those activities that public corporations carry out to achieve policy objectives of the government. QFAs often lead to the understatement of the government involvement in the economy and the overstatement of its financial balance, thereby lowering fiscal transparency and hiding fiscal risks. Central banks, as public corporations, perform various QFAs in many countries. I define QFAs in this case as those activities that are not directly related to the intrinsic function of central banks, whose responsibility lies in the administration of monetary policy and the provision of banking services for the government and commercial banks. In Korea, the Bank of Korea (BOK) has been an active source of QFAs. Of particular importance are the policy loans to commercial banks to promote their lending to small- and medium-sized enterprises and others. The outstanding stock of policy loans increased rapidly in the aftermath of the recent economic crisis, and stood at 7.6 trillion won (20 percent of the reserve money) at the end of 2002. Another important QFA by BOK stems from the transfer of part of its profits to the central government. The accumulated transfer during 1998-2002 amounted to 9.9 trillion won. My calculation shows that if these and other QFAs had been carried out by the government as explicit fiscal activities, the consolidated central government financial balance would have been below the actual balance by about 0.5 percent of GDP in each year since the economic crisis. It is suggested that the QFAs by BOK be reduced in coming years not only to enhance fiscal transparency but also to expand the flexibility of BOK's reserve management. Abolishing policy loans and minimizing transfers to the government would be the first step in this direction. BOK should also consider paying interest on the government deposit held in BOK.

• Journal of Ginseng Culture
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• v.2
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• pp.27-38
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• 2020

Gaesung was the Mecca of Korean ginseng. Factors that Gaesung has been a leading brand of Korean ginseng were multiplicative. Those were natural conditions and huge commercial capital, red ginseng factory, creative business systems and etc. We can quote BongSang Son, SungHak Kong and JeongHo Kim as a famous Gaesung' ginseng merchants. They, as leaders modern ginseng industry had supplied the method of cultivation, prevention of phyto-diseases, excellent ginseng seed, and prepayment system of farming capital. The Gaesung merchants also adopted modern marketing techniques : commercial advertisement, made-order sales, changing package of the ginseng products. The book 'The Dictionary of Korean Companies and Stores' which was published in 1927 introduces BongSang Son as a great businessman in Gaesung. He was not only merchants but also educator and social worker. He practiced the spirit of entrepreneurship. BongSang Son's role of pioneer contributed to the development of Korean ginseng and Gaesung. Due to such efforts of Gaesung merchants, Korean ginseng industry were took a great step forward. This article considered the development of Korean ginseng industry through the life and achievement of the ginseng magnate BongSang Son who was a representative one of Gaesung merchants.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.16 no.12
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• pp.8424-8436
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• 2015

This research recognizes the importance of the study on leadership for the management of enterprises. Among the financial institutes, the employees at the banks were targeted in this study to empirically analyze the effects of superiors' leadership (transformational leadership, transactional leadership, and servant leadership) on the subordinates' self-leadership and organizational effectiveness (organizational commitment and organizational citizenship behavior). In particular, this study analyzed the influencing relationship between the superior's leadership style and the subordinates' self-leadership, to identify the leadership style most suitable for enhancing the subordinates' self-leadership and to further determine if it can lead to the enhancement of organizational commitment and organizational citizenship behavior. The employees at approximately 50 branches of domestic large corporate banks located in Seoul and Gyeonggi area were targeted, and the survey was conducted in the form of self-response questionnaire. The statistical analysis was conducted on a total of 338 valid data by using structural equation modeling analysis. The result of the analysis was as follows. The transformational and servant leadership of the superior had a positive effect on the self-leadership of the subordinate, and transactional leadership did not show a significant effect. Furthermore, self-leadership was shown to have a positive effect on organizational commitment and organizational citizenship behavior.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.1-15
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• 2015

During global recessions, such as the 2008 financial crisis, Korean shipping companies have been undergoing a liquidity crisis that is comparably worse than other shipping companies worldwide. One of the reasons behind this repetitive vicious cycle can be the lack of ability to foresee the future by analyzing and understanding the volatile shipping market. Traditionally, in order to assimilate the shipping market, larger Korean shipping companies have been purchasing market reports published by Europe-based research companies and shipping brokers, leading to a digital divide by company size. To resolve this issue, the Maritime Exchange Information Center (MEIC) has been publishing shipping market reports that include essential shipping information such as freight rates by different routes; commodity trends for iron ore, grain, and coal; ship-building trends for new-building, second-hand, and demolition markets; as well as bunker price and port congestion. This research was conducted to analyze the effectiveness of four variables-information usefulness, market reflection, information composition, and latest information-on information satisfaction. If the information satisfaction was found to be adequate, the analysis of actual proof was used to determine if the customers would be willing to purchase MEIC's report when it is chargeable. All the four variables were found to have positive effects on information satisfaction. In particular, latest information was found to directly affect the intention to purchase. Furthermore, high information satisfaction was related to the intention to purchase.

• 대한공업교육학회지
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.108-130
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• 2020

In order to cope with the rapid changes in science and technology and various societies and complex economies with the advent of the 4th Industrial Revolution, intellectual property education is essential above all. In this study, therefore, intellectual property and the required competences were derived and verified for each field. As for the research method, Delphi technique was used twice for literature review and experts, and the conclusions of the research are as follows. First, the field of intellectual property required in the era of the 4th Industrial Revolution was classified, through literature review and Delphi technique, in eleven sections such as IP-R & D consulting, IP information search analysis, IP entitlement, IP strategic planning, IP transaction, IP finance, IP value evaluation, IP management, global IP management, IP commercialization, and IP disputes, of which validity was verified. Second, It was analyzed that the validity of required competencies derived from each field of intellectual property was reliable. Third, it is generally appropriate to nurture manpower in each field of intellectual property in universities or graduate schools. In addition, it is judged that regular job training of industries such as enterprises and public institutions is necessary regardless of the field.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.643-665
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• 2014

We study the optimal policy of the contracual arrangement in raising the debt-to-equity ratio for oil, gas and mining project finance deals. We investigate the impact of the optimal contractual relationship between counterparties on the soundness of projects, differing in output price volatility and country risk. Key findings are: first, the existence of EPC sponsors and off-takers generally raises the debt-to-equity ratio. In particular, EPC sponsors and off-taking sponsors jointly mitigate the credit risk caused by counntry risk. Seocond, off-taking and EPC contracts jointly help mitigate the credit risk caused by the country risk, rather than the price volatility. Indeed, the contractual structure raises the debt-to-equity ratio.