• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.14-26
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• 2018

The Biotope Area Ratio (BAR) is a quantitative pre-planning index for sustainable development and an integrated indicator for the balanced development of buildings and outdoor spaces. However, it has been pointed out that there are problems in operations management: errors in area calculation, insufficiency in the underground soil condition and depth, reduction in biotope area after construction, and functional failure as a pre-planning index. To address these problems, this study proposes implementing LIM. Since the weights of the BAR are mainly decided by the underground soil condition and depth with land cover types, the study focused on the terrain and pavements. The model should conform to BIM guidelines and standards provided by government agencies and professional organizations. Thus, the scope and Level Of Detail (LOD) of the model were defined, and the method to build a model with BIM software was developed. An apartment complex on sloping ground was selected as a case study, a 3D terrain modeled, paving libraries created with property information on the BAR, and a LIM model completed for the site. Then the BAR was calculated and construction documents were created with the BAR table and pavement details. As results of the study, it was found that the application of the criteria on the BAR and calculation became accurate, and the efficiency of design tasks was improved by LIM. It also enabled the performance of evidence-based design on the terrain and underground structures. To adopt LIM, it is necessary to create and distribute LIM library manuals or templates, and build library content that comply with KBIMS standards. The government policy must also have practitioners submit BIM models in the certification system. Since it is expected that the criteria on planting types in the BAR will be expanded, further research is needed to build and utilize the information model for planting materials.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.49 no.5
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• pp.125-137
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• 2021

How can we explain the phenomenon of small, old alleyways in the city becoming rising commercial places attracting people from an aesthetic perspective? This research discusses distinctive aesthetic experiences of urban commercial alleyways, which are located on inner roads and consist of small-scale stores and explore the specific aspects of Sharosu-gil, located in Gwanak-gu, Seoul. The aesthetic experience of urban commercial alleyways is generated by the contrast with the refined urban fabric along main roads in terms of space, the gap between the old and the new, and the antagonism between the known and the less known. The approach to Sharosu-gil consists of the high-rise buildings along the main road built in the 2000s, then encountering low-rise buildings on inside roads built from the late 1970s to the present. Therefore, it is judged that the site has sufficient conditions to generate the aesthetic experience as an urban commercial alleyway. As a result of analyzing the street improvement projects, first, the official announcement of the name 'Sharosu-gil' was interpreted as an escape from the place specificity and garnered the acquisition of the characteristics of an alternative. Secondly, the improvement project for old-established signboards was interpreted as harmony between the new and the old and the loss of temporality. Thirdly, in the pedestrian priority road project, the pavement was interpreted as a reinforcement of the identity as an alleyway and the visualization of the area. Since the reality of urban commercial alleyways depends on the user's visiting, it is necessary to interpret alleyways from the perspective of the senses and aesthetics, not just from social phenomena or capital logic perspective. The study will cast implications for relevant schemes and data-driven research.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.25-38
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• 2020

For the purpose of recording Folk House Garden, this study was to review the historical value, location, space composition, Placememnt of the Building, garden composition, and management status of Folk House Garden designated as a cultural asset in Jeolla-do and to promote continuous maintenance and preservation in the future and enhance its value. The results of the study are as follows. First, most of them have been influenced by the trend of the times, such as the creation of a modern private garden and the spread of agricultural and commercial development through the garden components influenced by the royal, Japanese, and Western styles. Second, there are differences in the spatial composition of private households and the way they handle sponsorship, depending on the geographical location. When the geographical features were divided into flat and sloping areas, private houses located on flat land were divided into walls, walls were placed around the support area, and flower systems and stone blocks were created. The private houses located on the slope were divided into two to three tiers of space, and the wooden plant, flower bed, and stone bed were naturally connected to the background forest without creating a wall at the rear hill. Third, the size of the house and the elements of the garden have been partially destroyed, damaged, and changed, and if there is a lack of records of the change process, there is a limit to the drawing floor plan. There were many buildings and garden components that were lost or damaged due to changes in the trend and demand of the times, and some of them without records had to rely on the memory of owners and managers. Fourth, the species in Warm Temperate Zone, which reflects the climatic characteristics of Jeolla-do, was produced, and many of the exotic species, not traditional ones, were introduced. Fifth, fine-grained tree management standards are needed to prepare for changes in spatial function and plant species considering modern convenience.

• Korea Science and Art Forum
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.239-250
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• 2019

Along with changes in the industrial structure, revitalizing decrepit or abandoned industrial-age infrastructures are actively under way on a global scale. This study was motivated by an interest in investigating currently idle industrial infrastructures and revitalizing the abandoned passenger ferry terminal in Geoje's Jangseungpo and surrounding areas. The main aims of this study were to examine regional features for the purpose of establishing urban renewal plans and field opinions of the local residents on how to proceed with the restoration of the passenger ferry terminal. To this end, this paper looked into previous case studies of converting decrepit industrial infrastructures into new cultural venues, depending on each region's special circumstances. This paper's findings are as follows: First, as a result of this investigation, the author found that in all cases in Korea and elsewhere revitalization focused on creating modern cultural spaces appropriate for the region while retaining its traditional value. At the same time, they sought sustainable cultural and economic revival. Second, as a result of the investigation on Geoje City's local characteristics, the author found that the surrounding areas' commercial districts were depressed after the terminal's closure. At the time of the investigation, the city government was trying to reopen the terminal as a major port offering multiple international ferry destinations while attracting tourists. Third, as a result of the surveys on the local residents, it was found that more than half of the residents were in agreement with the city government's plan to reopen the terminal and expressed their wishes that they want the terminal to have other uses such as cultural venues. Based on these research results, the author makes proposals, including expanding the passenger ferry terminal and offering cultural spaces within and near the terminal, based on the local residents' opinions and in reflection of local circumstances. As part of this effort, the author also recommends a new brand name and design plan for the new passenger ferry terminal so that Geoje City can improve its local community value.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.1609-1623
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• 2014

A number of studies have been conducted recently regarding the development of automation systems for the construction sector. Much of this attention has focused on earthwork because it is highly dependent on construction machines and is regarded as being basic for the construction of buildings and civil works. For example, technologies are being developed in order to enable earthwork planning based on construction site models that are constructed by automatic systems and to enable construction equipment to perform the work based on the plan and the environment. There are many problems that need to be solved in order to enable the use of automatic earthwork systems in construction sites. For example, technologies are needed for enabling collaborations between similar and different kinds of construction equipment. This study aims to develop a construction system that imitates collaborative systems and decision-making methods that are used by humans. The proposed system relies on the multi-agent concept from the field of artificial intelligence. In order to develop a multi-agent-based system, configurations and functions are proposed for the agents and a framework for collaboration and arbitration between agents is presented. Furthermore, methods are introduced for preventing duplicate work and minimizing interference effects during the collaboration process. Methods are also presented for performing advance planning for the excavators and compactors that are involved in the construction. The current study suggests a theoretical framework and evaluates the results using virtual simulations. However, in the future, an empirical study will be conducted in order to apply these concepts to actual construction sites through the development of a physical system.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.2583-2591
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• 2013

A number of cities have been constantly decreasing their residents by the low quality of life and environment. A creative industry is being noticed for not only securing the competitiveness of the city but also increasing the number of population. Thus, the urban structure for inducing creative industry population becomes to major issue to the most of local governments. This study aims to suggest the relationships between urban structure and creative industry population based on different urban sizes. To measure the population of creative industry, this study used the 'National Business Survey' by the National Statistical Office, which classified the statistical data of industrial places on a basis of city, district, and borough. Based on the results of expert questionnaire surveys, it conducted an analysis on the importance of urban structure and drew some critical factors that have an important effect on attracting the population of creative industry. The relationships between creative industry population and urban structure evaluated by multiple regression analysis. This study found out that the cultural factors like cultural space or culture events were drawn as very significant factors that have a positive effect on the population of creative industry population. It is judged that the creation of culture environment, which can enrich the creative industry, is needed to strengthen the competitiveness of the cities.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.119-128
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• 2016

Urban park planning has become difficult due to the lack of municipal funds. Thereupon, a special scheme was imposed for city park planning. Since then, a legal amendment was made for economical improvement and more active participation. However, there are a lot of questions about whether it was a suitable direction for parks and where it should be emphasized for public interest. Base on these concerns, this study examined the basis and characteristics of location, creation, and maintenance of private development parks in Japan, which was the policy model of Korean private parks. Location and space planning of private development parks was made up considering an effective green network and disaster prevention function, and a minimum area was about 1.42ha. The minimum area, 1ha, was established on the basis of considering realistic possibilities, disaster protection, and universal validity. It was also amended to consider the standard of type two mid- to high-rise exclusive residential areas and consultation with regional governance. Finally, it was built on the lowest limit of ordinance of the relevant city; for example, 100% of the floor area ratio, 30% of the building coverage ratio, and the maximum height of 11 stories, etc. For maintenance, private and public sectors were working together. Maintenance fees for 35 years (based on $300yen/m^2$ per month) were paid en bloc by the licensee. However, the city was paid for facilities that accompanied excessive maintenance costs. Meanwhile, it seemed difficult to introduce attractive profit facilities because of the limitations in location, usage permission, and introduction equipment; furthermore, there were problems with management authority, and the burden of expenses was deducted. For creating private Korean parks, this study suggested that we should build priority of creating city parks and select appropriate locations first; also, we need to make criteria for location, creation, and standard management rules that are relevant to the whole nation of Korea.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.83-92
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• 2019

This study aims to examine at the garden characteristics of salt merchant in Yangzhou, China during the Ming and Qing Dynasties, I looked at the background of garden formation through the literature. In addition, analyzed the garden design method and components of salt merchants. The results were as follows; First, the Yangzhou area in the past has achieved cultural and economic development with the establishment of the ancient Grand Canal. Salt merchants accumulated wealth through trade, and created many gardens under the background of securing materials for create garden through trade, forming political forces through the cultivation of students, and inflow of foreign cultures. Second, salt merchants in Yangzhou asked garden experts to design and create the garden as a place for exchange and relaxation. Also, through the production of landscape changes using Gasan(假山) and a long corridor(長廊), clear classification of spaces using architectural elements, and the placement of buildings in scenic areas adjacent to the water, the gardens with practical and aesthetic functions were owned. Third, the gardens of Yangzhou Salt Merchants have a building-oriented commercial space on the front, and a garden-centered design characteristic on the back. The garden of the commercial zone was built in a simple form using pots, oddly shaped stone, bamboo and fence patterns in the remained space, focusing on the front of the building. The garden at the back formed a curved waterway connected to the canal is refracted across the garden. The garden also features piled stones(疊石), stone bridges and ship-shaped stone building(石舫). In addition, the design reflected the introduction of trees that take into account the climate and color contrast of Yangzhou province, pavement of various materials and patterns.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.8
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• pp.55-63
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• 2017

Due to spatial problems and system size,conventional measurement methods used to acquire the information needed for existing electrical energy and management have been limited to new buildings or areas where replacement is possible. This electric load management method is problematic when applying it to energy and safety management of vulnerable areas or existing homes or offices. The problem with installing a measurement module in every branch is that the system is too large. Even if the measurement module is installed, the type of load is not recognized, and efficient management is not performed. In particular, it is very difficult to apply it to traditional markets and backward facilities in Korea. In this paper, we apply NIALM technology and arc detection technology to solve these problems and verify the feasibility of NIALM for normal arc generation. Also, based on the verification results, we propose a new smart home safety management system that can effectively manage electrical safety and that can be applied to conventional market and existing home safety management systems. The proposed system conducts a comparative performance test with an existing safety management system. In addition, it achieves 95% or more load recognition for four loads, which is impossible in 40% of the existing systems, and the arc detection function was confirmed.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.96-106
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• 2021

The PC structure based on the OSC (Off-Site Construction) is mentioned as a representative method of innovation in the construction industry that converts the existing construction environment from site-centered to factory production-transportation-site assembly. However, recent research on PC method has focused on improving the functions of subsidiary materials and improving the production system to increase productivity and institutional / policy R&D that can be universally applied to the life-cycle stage of ordering / design /construction is insufficient. In particular, the absence of standardized cost calculation standards makes it difficult to calculate and verify of objectified appropriate construction cost. So which is an obstacle to the activation of the PC method. In this study, the standards for construction costs of domestic and foreign PC method were surveyed and similar Construction Standard Production Rates were analyzed to confirm the product structure suitable for PC method. Subsequently, the construction procedures and input resources for each PC subsidiary materials were identified through on-site surveys to derive component for subsidiary materials, and the factors of change in the product according to the construction characteristics(height, weight of subsidiary material) were verified. As a result the standard product calculation system suitable for the site installation of the PC method for apartment was presented.