DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Characteristics and Policy Implications of Private Development Parks in Japan

일본 민설공원 제도의 특성과 시사점

  • Kim, Hyun (Dept. of Landscape Architecture, Dankook University)
  • 김현 (단국대학교 녹지조경학과)
  • Received : 2016.02.17
  • Accepted : 2016.02.23
  • Published : 2016.02.29

Abstract

Urban park planning has become difficult due to the lack of municipal funds. Thereupon, a special scheme was imposed for city park planning. Since then, a legal amendment was made for economical improvement and more active participation. However, there are a lot of questions about whether it was a suitable direction for parks and where it should be emphasized for public interest. Base on these concerns, this study examined the basis and characteristics of location, creation, and maintenance of private development parks in Japan, which was the policy model of Korean private parks. Location and space planning of private development parks was made up considering an effective green network and disaster prevention function, and a minimum area was about 1.42ha. The minimum area, 1ha, was established on the basis of considering realistic possibilities, disaster protection, and universal validity. It was also amended to consider the standard of type two mid- to high-rise exclusive residential areas and consultation with regional governance. Finally, it was built on the lowest limit of ordinance of the relevant city; for example, 100% of the floor area ratio, 30% of the building coverage ratio, and the maximum height of 11 stories, etc. For maintenance, private and public sectors were working together. Maintenance fees for 35 years (based on $300yen/m^2$ per month) were paid en bloc by the licensee. However, the city was paid for facilities that accompanied excessive maintenance costs. Meanwhile, it seemed difficult to introduce attractive profit facilities because of the limitations in location, usage permission, and introduction equipment; furthermore, there were problems with management authority, and the burden of expenses was deducted. For creating private Korean parks, this study suggested that we should build priority of creating city parks and select appropriate locations first; also, we need to make criteria for location, creation, and standard management rules that are relevant to the whole nation of Korea.

민간자본으로 도시공원을 조성하기 위한 특례제도가 도입된 이후, 보다 매력적인 인센티브를 부여하기 위하여 법률 개정이 이루어졌다. 본 논문에서는 민간공원의 취지에는 적극 찬성하지만 공익성을 강조해야 하는 공원에서 과연 적절한 조치가 이루어지고 있는지에 대한 의문을 바탕으로, 민간공원의 정책모델이었던 일본의 민설공원제도의 배경과 함께 입지, 조성, 관리의 기준이 책정된 근거와 특성을 분석하고 문제점을 고찰하였다. 민설공원은 녹지 네트워크 구축과 방재 기능에 유효하도록 입지와 공간계획이 이루어졌으며, 최소면적은 약 1.42ha였다. 공원과 같은 공간의 최소 면적인 1ha는 방재성과 실현가능성, 사회적 수용가능성을 감안한 수치였으며, 건축 부문은 제2종 중고층 주거전용지역의 기준과 지역 거버넌스와의 협의절차를 거쳐 최종적으로는 용적율 100%, 건폐율 30%, 최고높이 11층 등 허용한도의 최저 수준으로 건설되었다. 관리비는 월 300엔/$m^2$을 기준으로 35년간 소요되는 비용을 사업자가 일괄 납부하였으나 과다한 관리비가 수반되는 시설에 대해서는 시가 비용을 지출하여 민관이 함께 관리하는 형태를 취하고 있었다. 한편 입지, 허용용도, 도입시설의 한계로 매력적인 수익시설 도입이 어려우며 관리주체와 비용부담등의 문제점이 도출되었다. 우리나라 민간공원에 대해서는 도시공원 조성의 우선순위를 선정한 후 민간공원의 적정입지를 선정하고, 국민적 합의를 이룰 수 있는 수준의 입지, 조성, 관리 기준 정립 등의 개선과제를 제안하였다.

Keywords

References

  1. Jung, J. K.(2014) A Study on the Private Capital Utilization Method and Characteristics of Private Development Parks in Japan. Master Degree Thesis, Hankyung National University, Ansung, Korea.
  2. Kawai, M. and O. Yokoyama(2009) Practical using of the Ppen Space in the city center and its effectiveness: A case study of use for the event in Osaka(Chuo-ku and Kita-ku). Urban Planning, Building Economics and Housing Problems 2009: 805-806.
  3. Kawasaki, Y.(2014) Study on the redevelopment of suburban amusement parks which railroad companies managed. Journal of the City Planning Institute of Japan 49(3): 273-278.
  4. Kim, H.(2012) A management characteristics of the national government park in Japan. Journal of Korea Society of Environmental Restoration Technology 15(5): 1-17. https://doi.org/10.13087/kosert.2012.15.5.001
  5. Kim, J. W.(2011) Uses of case-oriented policy research and suggestions for its development: Focusing on the methodological discussions of comparative social sciences. The Korea Association for Governance 18(3): 1-20.
  6. Land and Housing Institute(2012) A Study on the System of Park on Leased Land.
  7. Minai, N.(2006) Planning issue of closed amusement parks: Study on publication of public used private land. Urban Planning, Building Economics and Housing Problems 2006: 697-698.
  8. Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism(2015) Guideline for planning and design of disaster prevention parks(draft), Technical note of NILIM, No.857.
  9. Parks & Open Space Association of Japan(2014) Guideline of Urban Park Law.
  10. Shimomura, Y.(2013) Amendment of urban park act, article 5 and park facilities set up by non-governmental sectors. Journal of the Japanese Institute of Landscape Architecture 76(5): 697-702. https://doi.org/10.5632/jila.76.697
  11. Soda, O.(2004) A study on getting the basic principles in public space. Journal of Architecture and Building Science 119(1520): 36-39.
  12. Tajima, K.(2010) Public-private partnerships for parks and open spaces in New York city. Rikkyo Economic Review 63(3): 51-69.
  13. Tsuji, Y., N. Nakai andM. Numata(2014) Astudy on the implementation of the system of park on leased land. Journal of the City Planning Institute of Japan 49(3): 255-260.
  14. Uemura, M., H. Tsuchida and H. Inoue(2014) Study on the open space of the city as seen from the spatial analysis of the privately owned public space. Summaries of Technical Papers of Annual Meeting 2014, 285-286.