• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
• /
• v.25 no.2 s.95
• /
• pp.133-143
• /
• 2007

Previous studies on the transit assignment hardly show its achievement in research but have many limitations not only in theory but also in practice. This paper presents an integrated transit assignment model taking into account cost functions of multiple modes, such as auto, bus and subway, which represent an integrated network. An integrated transit network including cost functions and in-vehicle congestion needs to be developed. In addition, a link fare calculation model needs to be developed and applied to the model to calculate path travel costs. Based on these sub-models, a path-based traffic assignment model, which considers in-vehicle congestion and an integrated distance-based fare system in the integrated traffic network, is developed.

• Conservation Science in Museum
• /
• v.4
• /
• pp.57-61
• /
• 2003

From the stupa of Sujongsa-Temple, located in Yangpyeong, Gyeonggi-do province, was excavated a celadon jar with lid, a gilt-bronze nine-storied miniature pagoda and a silver-plate hexagonal miniature shrine, etc. Among them, the gilt-bronze miniature pagoda has been known as a gilt-bronze product since most of its surface has copper tint and the base part has bronze corrosion. Its formal title registered on the Cultural Properties Administration also begins with "a gilt-bronze". However, it was supposed to be a gold product in many aspects: the color and status of the surface, degree of the bronze corrosion creation and the metal thread joining the wind bell. So the necessity to prove its material by a scientific analysis was raised. We examined it with nondestructive method. The results were traces of open-working on many parts of the surface, but no traces of gilding. Moreover, as we perform an XRF analysis, the main component were gold and silver(16%) and some impurities such as copper and iron were found. Therefore, it could be inferred that this miniature pagoda is a gold product.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
• /
• v.49 no.4
• /
• pp.265-288
• /
• 2015

This study analyzed the contracts for library remuneration, amount of the remuneration, average amount of the remuneration in relation to kinds of libraries, distribution of the remuneration, and types and publication year of the works to be collected remuneration based on the data during 2004~2014 from the KORRA. As results, current library remuneration system has limitations for libraries to digitize and transmit to the public their collections, Also, there are some limitations to the protection for copyright holders because the amount of the remuneration collected from libraries has declined and non distribution remuneration has been so high. This study suggested that the library remuneration system needs to be revised considering the scope of library materials to be digitized and predicted frequency of use. Also, the better practical solution to protect copyright holders is not a raise of the library remuneration but the efficient use of the non distribution remuneration.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
• /
• v.22 no.1
• /
• pp.25-38
• /
• 2023

Seoul Metropolitan Urban Railroad has an undecided route that does not estimate the passenger transportation route. For this reason, the fare of the urban railroad is calculated by the assumption that passengers pass through the minimum distance. Therefore, if a transfer station on the urban railroad is added, the trip shortest distance could be decreased and the fare also reduced. In this study, this phenomenon defines the fare paradox(Shin, 2022) and estimates the impact of the fare paradox by opening the GTX-A. For this purpose, a scenario before and after the opening of the GTX-A has been established, and an additional fare has been estimated by proportional planning of the Seoul Metropolitan Integrated Distance Based Fare Policy. Fare Paradox was analyzed to about 0.024 % of daily income. It is expected to be used as a plan to determine a rate policy, such as the establishment of a GTX-A, B, C, D, and a light rail line.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
• /
• v.11 no.1
• /
• pp.125-143
• /
• 1989

본(本) 연구(硏究)에서는 우리나라 화물자동차운송산업(貨物自動車運送産業)에 대한 각종 정부규제(政府規制)의 문제점(問題點)과 개선방안(改善方案)을 제시하였다. 주요 개선방안으로서는 사업구성제한(事業區城制限)의 폐지(廢止), 사업공탁금제도(事業供託金制度)의 도입(導入)을 통한 면허제도(免許制度)의 개선(改善), 톤급에 의한 업종구분(業種區分)의 폐지(廢止) 등을 제시하였다. 종합적으로 고찰해 볼 때, 현재의 업계관항(業界慣行)은 이미 높은 경쟁상태에 도달하여 있으며, 정부의 비현실적인 규제가 오히려 건전한 경쟁질서(競爭秩序)의 확립에 장애(障碍)가 되고 있다고 할 수 있다. 따라서, 정부규제(政府規制)가 현실의 시장상황(市場狀況)과 사업자들의 합리적(合理的) 사업욕구(事業欲求)를 따라가지 못하고 있다고 말할 수 있으며, 화물자동차운송산업(貨物自動車運送産業)에 있어서의 정부규제개선(政府規制改善)이란 정부규제(政府規制)의 현실화(現實化)로 표현할 수 있을 것이다. 또한, 지입제(持?制)의 억제(抑制), 직관기업화(直管企業化)의 추진(推進)등의 정책목표(政策目標)의 타당성(妥當性)과 정책수단(政策手段)의 실효성(實效性)에 대한 근본적인 재검토가 필요하다고 하겠다.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
• /
• v.24 no.3 s.89
• /
• pp.113-123
• /
• 2006

This article evaluates the effects of eight traffic safety policies such as traffic accident reduction campaign, the seat belt law, three strike out driving while intoxicated, rewarding for reporting traffic offenders on the number of accidents and fatalities. Intervention analysis of time series is used to compare the monthly accident and fatalities with the before and after reinforcement. The results indicate that no significant impact of the traffic enforcement measures on reducing the number of accidents and fatalities.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
• /
• 2003.05a
• /
• pp.611-614
• /
• 2003

이동전화 시장의 팽창으로 인하여 이동전화 사업자간 서비스 경쟁은 치열해지고 있다. 이동전화 사업자들은 시장점유율에서 우위를 유지하기 위해 다양한 요금상품과 요금차별화를 통해 가입자수를 극대화하려 한다. 이동전화 서비스의 요금에는 이부요금제와 선택요금제, 기본료가 없는 선불요금제가 있다. 요금구조는 국가별로 다양한 환경에 따라 차이를 보이고 있다. 영국 규제기관인 Oftel에 의하면, 5개국(프랑스, 독일, 이탈리아, 스웨덴, 영국)을 대상으로 요금수준을 비교한 결과 영국과 프랑스의 이동전화 요금수준은 유사한 평균 수준이였으며 독일과 스웨덴에 비해서는 4-6% 정도 비싸고 이탈리아에 비해서는 27% 정도 저렴한 것으로 나타났다.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
• /
• 2011.07a
• /
• pp.604-605
• /
• 2011

본 논문은 스마트그리드 환경에서 경제성 기반의 수요반응 효율을 얻기 위한 EMS 알고리즘 개발에 관한 것이다. EMS 시스템은 전력의 정확한 비용을 소비자에게 노출시킴으로써 전력 사용에 대한 소비자의 사용 패턴을 변화시키고 더 나아가 전력 자원을 효율적으로 배분하고자 한다. 경제성 수요반응은 전기요금의 시간대별 차등 책정을 특징으로 하며 개발된 EMS시스템은 RTP요금제를 바탕으로 실시간(RealTime), 양방향(Two-way), 상시(Economic)측면에서 전력회사와 소비자 모두에게 효율적인 인프라와 서비스를 제공하고자 개발되었다. 본 논문은 AMI기반 제주 수요반응 사업 과제로 개발된 EMS 시스템이며, 주택용(HEMS), 상가용(SMES), 빌딩용(BEMS)로 나누어 전력 소비자에 따른 EMS 알고리즘을 제시하고자 한다.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
• /
• 2011.07a
• /
• pp.624-625
• /
• 2011

역률요금제도에서 가장 중요한 것이 합리적으로 할인 할증률을 설정하는 것이다. 할인 할증률을 통해 고객은 전기요금을 추가 또는 감액 받게 되므로 합리적인 근거에 따라 적정 할인 할증률을 선정해야만 전력회사와 고객간에 공정한 무효전력 거래가 가능하다. 오늘날 전기공급약관에서는 고객 역률 ${\pm}1%$ 변동시 기본요금에 연동하여 ${\pm}1%$를 가감하고 있다. 그러나 할인 할증률 즉 기본요금 ${\pm}1%$ 가감에 대한 이론적 근거가 찾기 힘들고 연구된 바도 없다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 현재의 역률요금제도상의 할인 할증률의 이론적 기반을 명확히 하고 오늘날의 전력계통 여건을 반영한 합리적인 할인 할증률을 제안하고자 한다.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
• /
• v.19 no.3
• /
• pp.1-9
• /
• 1981

The object of this study lies in reviewing of the western costume history in the light of the negative regulations concerning costumes and adornments. Readings related with the subject lead to the following findings; 1. the principal purpose of the sumptuary laws has relationship with the social stratification of the feudalism and the frequency of their occurrence is related with the formation of feudal system, its decline, the appearance of imperial regimes and the start of civil revolutions. 2. Sumptuary regulations spread westward with the flow of civilization, eg., in the sequence of Italy, swiss, France, Britain and new world. 3. Sumptuary laws are also found in abundance in the english colonies of America, and their object seems to be rather of the moral concern than class distinction of economical restriction.4. The reviewed sumptuary regulations are concerned with : A. Material gold or silver clothes, silks, ermine, marten or miniver furs, velvets, laces and embroies. B. Colors-Purple, scarlet and red. Other colors do not show consistent pattern of color-status symbol; C. Form-Length and width of headdresses, shoes, collars, trains or hoops. E. numbers of dresses allowed to be worn.