• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.375-383
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of exercise training on health-related physical fitness and osteoporosis after 12 weeks of combined training for adults with intellectual disabilities diagnosed with obesity and osteoporosis. The subjects conducted a combined training program consisting of aerobic exercise and strength training twice a week for 12 weeks. Body composition and bone mineral density were measured before exercise, 6, 12 weeks, and health-related physical fitness was measured before and after exercise. Body weight and body fat decreased after exercise and bone density increased after exercise compared to before exercise. Muscle strength, muscle endurance and flexibility were improved after exercise compared to before exercise. It was confirmed that the 12 week compound training increased the leg strength and improved the functions such as walking and running, and increased the health-related fitness and increased bone mineral density.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.167-177
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• 2004

This study was performed to explore the effects of aqua-exercise program on back pain, flexibility. time of exercise and self-efficacy in the women with chronic back pain. The design of this study was a equivalent pre-post test experiment. The subjects consisted of 31 women living in seoul. They underwent tests of back pain. flexibility. time of exercise and self-efficacy as baseline data before aqua-exercise program. The aquatic exercise was based on the Back hab and was consists of 60minutes session, 2 times a week for 5 weeks. Data were analyzed with percentage, mean, standard deviation, t-test and pearson correlation coefficient using SAS program. The results were as follows. 1. The back pain has significantly decreased after aqua-exercise program. 2. The dorsal flexibility has significantly increased after aqua-exercise program. 3. The time of exercise has significantly increased after aqua-exercise program. 3. The Self-efficacy has significantly increased after aqua-exercise program. The findings showed the aqua-exercise program could be effective in decreasing the back pain and effective in increasing the flexibility, time of exercise and self-efficacy. It can be suggested the aqua-exercise is effective in the health promotion of the women with chronic back pain.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.72-83
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• 2023

Background: Normal-weight obese women have a normal weight with relatively low muscle mass resulting from high body fat. We aimed to investigate the effects of core exercise on body composition, abdominal muscle thickness, trunk muscular endurance, and psychological factors in normal-weight obese women. Design: One group pre-, mid-, and post-test design. Methods: A total of 20 normal-weight obese women were recruited voluntarily. Core exercises were performed for 30 minutes, three times a week for 4 weeks. InBody measurements, ultrasound imaging, and clinical tests were used to assess body composition, abdominal muscle thickness, trunk and core muscular endurance, and psychological condition(satisfaction with appearance and self-esteem). The dependent variables were measured three times: before the intervention (pre-test), 2 weeks after the intervention (mid-test), and 4 weeks after intervention (post-test). One-way repeated measures ANOVA and Friedman test were used for statistical analysis. Results: Although there was no change in the body composition (p>0.05), thickness of the transversus abdominis and internal and external oblique muscles, endurance of the trunk flexors and extensors and core muscles, and psychological condition showed significant differences after the intervention (p<0.05). Conclusion: Our findings will help develop exercise programs for normal-weight obese individuals that utilize the beneficial effect of core exercises.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.665-670
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• 2012

This study investigated the effect of endurance exercises on blood pressure, angiogenesis, and the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression in the skeletal muscle of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Five week old SHRs and Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY) were randomly divided into 3 groups: Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY, n=9), SHR control (SHR-C, n=9), and SHR endurance exercise training (SHR-E, n=9). Endurance exercise training was performed on a treadmill (12-20 m/min, 0% grade, 60 min/day, 5 days/week, 16 weeks). Systolic blood pressure was monitored with the tail-cuff method. The expression of VEGF protein and capillary density were identified using western blotting and H&E staining in the soleus muscle, respectively. Systolic blood pressure was reduced by endurance exercise in SHR ($p$ <0.05). The capillary density of skeletal muscles in SHR-C was lower than in WKY ($p$ <0.05), but it was recovered by endurance exercise training (SHR-E) compared to SHR-C ($p$ <0.05), and VEGF protein was also increased by endurance exercise training compared to SHR-C ($p$ <0.05). These data suggest that the enhancement of capillary density via an increase of VEGF expression in skeletal muscles by endurance exercise training could be an important factor to inhibit blood pressure elevation in SHR.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.563-575
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to investigate differences in craniofacial characteristics of professional sportsmen who have practiced since their prepubertal periods. From the standardized lateral and P-A cephalograms of 137 sportsmen, 7 angular, 19 linear, 4 ratio, and 2 index measurements were measured and evaluated by means of statistical methods. The samples were divided into three groups: Group 1; ice hockey(n=17), foot-ball(n=27), basketball(n=16) Group 2; baseball(n=16), gymnastics(n=13), and Group 3; judo(n=18), ssireum(n=10), weight lift(n=20). The results were as follows: It seemed obvious that the cephalic indices of the 3 groups exhibited brachycephalic headform (Group 1; $0.85{\pm}0.04$, Group 2; $0.84{\pm}0.04$, Group 3; $0.83{\pm}0.06$) and there was no statistical difference among the groups (p>0.05). The facial indices of the Group 1 ($0.93{\pm}0.05$) and Group 2 ($0.93{\pm}0.04$) exhibited definite leptoprosopic facial forms while the Group 3 ($0.90{\pm}0.04$) showed more or less euryprosopic facial form, and there appeared significant difference between the Group 1 and 3 (p<0.05), and also between the Group 2 and 3 (p<0.05). There appeared strong relationships between the facial indices and the facial axis angle, mandibular plane angle, total craniofacial height, total facial height, upper anterior dental height, lower anterior dental height, mandibular length, lower anterior facial height ratio, and especially with lower anterior facial height (p<0.001). It seemed that most of the vertical facial measurements of the Group 1 and 2 appeared to be larger than those of the Group 3.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.145-152
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• 2000

Pcak torque. angle of peak torque occurrence. total work, average power. endurance of the ankle plantar flexors were studied with the knee positioned $0^{\circ}\;and\;90^{\circ}$ flexion. Plantar flexors of 20 students were tested on Cybex 6000 dynamometer. The results were as fallows ; 1. The peak torque values were significantly higher with knee extension than knee $90^{\circ}$ flexion. 2. The angle of peak torque occurrence were earlier with knee extension than knee $90^{\circ}$ flexion, but no significant. 3. The total work were significantly higher with knee extension than knee $90^{\circ}$ flexion. at$30^{\circ}/sec$, but no significant at $90^{\circ}/sec$ 4. The endurance ratio were higher significantly with knee $90^{\circ}$ flex ion than knee extension 5. The mean average power were significantly higher with knee extension than knee $90^{\circ}$ flextion

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.41 no.10
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• pp.1409-1416
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• 2012

This study examined the effects of four herbal sports drinks containing Prunus mume, Liriope platyphylla, and Acanthopanax senticosus fruit extracts on body fat and endurance of rats trained by a progressive loaded exercise program. Forty male Sprague-Dawley rats (6 weeks old) were divided into five groups and fed experimental diets for 6 weeks according to the following protocol: C, exercise-trained control group (n=8); A, exercise group with Acanthopanax senticosus extract (n=8); L, exercise group with Liriope platyphylla extract (n=8); PA, exercise group with Prunus mune fruit extract plus Acanthopanax senticosus extract (n=8); PL, exercise group with Prunus mune fruit extract plus Liriope platyphylla extract (n=8). Endurance was measured by a progressive loaded exercise test using a treadmill. PA and PL supplementation significantly extended time to exhaustion compared to the control group (p<0.05). Further, the four herbal sports drinks all significantly reduced epididymal and interscapular white adipose tissue weights compared to the control group (p<0.05). Plasma triglyceride concentration was significantly lower in the A group compared to the control group. Plasma free fatty acid concentration was higher in the A group compared to the control group. On the other hand, Acanthopanax senticosus fruit extract supplementation tended to reduce the plasma glucose concentration compared to the control group. PA and PL supplementation significantly increased gastrocnemius muscle LDH activities compared to the control group (p<0.05). These results show that sports drink containing Acanthopanax senticosus improved endurance capacity, plasma lipids, and glucose concentrations. Sports drink with Prunus mume and Liriope platyphylla or Acanthopanax senticosus was synergistically improved endurance.

• Exercise Science
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.183-190
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• 2012

This study is to evaluate the availability of cardiorespiratory fitness measurement by 20 m shuttle run test based upon energy contribution rates of elite athletes in different sports type. Sixty-seven elite athletes attending K national university participated in this study. They were divided by three groups based upon sports type, composed of Anaerobic Group (sprint, jumps, weightlifting, throw; n=35), Aerobic Group (medium-long distance; n=9), and Combat Sport Group (judo; n=23). 20 m shuttle run test was conducted by Leger et al.(1982) method and calculating acceleration using measured shuttle run repetitions was conducted by Brewer et al.(1988) method. To test the usefulness of VO₂max, graded exercise treadmill test was conducted and standing long jump and 50 m run were measured as power fitness factors. Z-jump was used for measuring power, agility, and muscular endurance. Standing long jump and 50 m run of Anaerobic Group (AnG) was significantly higher than that of Aerobic Group (AeG) and Combat Sport Group (CG) (p<0.05). However, Z-jump of CG was significantly higher than that of AnG and AeG(p<.05). There was a higher correlation of 20 m shuttle run test and VO₂max in AnG(r= 0.577, p<.0001) and CG(r= 0.760, p<.0001). Otherwise, there was a low correlation of 20 m shuttle run test and VO₂max in AeG. There was no significant group difference to test the availability of 20 m shuttle run test and there was a reduced error when converting 20 m shuttle run results into VO₂max. This study examined the usefulness of 20 m shuttle run test by converting 20 m shuttle run repetition results into VO₂max calculation, which showed reduced error. Therefore, this study confirmed that it would be needed to convert 20 m shuttle run results into VO₂max for universal and practical use in the field without dividing sports type.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.85-93
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to investigate a relationship among Taekwondo, soccer and gymnastic athletes their balance ability and lower extremity muscle strength, muscle endurance and also whether these variables show differences by sports type. For this purpose, 10 Taekwondo athletes, 10 soccer athletes and 10 gymnastic athletes that is a high school in I area were selected and their balance ability, isokinetic muscle strength and muscle endurance were measured by using force platform (AMTI) and isokinetic measurement (HUMAC NORM). Then the following results were obtained by conducting pearson product-moment correlation analysis and one-way ANOVA. In case of both right and left foot one-leg standing with open-eyes, there was a relation between both knee extension maximal muscle strength of Taekwondo, soccer, gymnastic athletes and balance ability, and in case of right foot one-leg standing with open-eyes, there was a relation between that is right plantar flexion and dorsi flexion maximum muscle strength and muscle endurance of Taekwondo, soccer, gymnastic athletes and their balance ability. Furthermore, in case of left dorsi flexion maximum muscle strength, there were significant differences in order of Taekwondo, gymnastics and soccer, and for isokinetic plantar flexion maximum muscle endurance, both right and left showed significant differences in order of Taekwondo, gymnastic and soccer.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.261-269
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to determined the converge effects of Kaatsu treatment on body compositions, physical fitness and dynamic and static balance during unmilled rice dumbbell exercise in older women. They are divided into three groups(Kaatsu treatment+exercise, n=12, non-Kaatsu treatment+exercise, n=11, Control, n=12). In this study, there were a no significant differences on body weight and lean body mass and body mass index between the group, but there was a significant differences on percent of body fat between the group(P<.001). There was a significant differences on left grip strength between the group, and significant differences on flexibility and agility after the unmilled rice dumbbell exercise training. There were a significant differences on the dynamic and static balance between the group after the unmilled rice dumbbell exercise training(respectively P<.001, P<.05).