• 대한간호학회지
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.321-328
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• 2009

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of Dehydroepiandrosterone(DHEA) administration alone or exercise combined with DHEA before steroid treatment on rat hindlimb muscles. Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned to one of three groups: a steroid group(S, n=10) that had no treatment for 7 days before steroid treatment; a DHEA-steroid group(DS, n=8) that had 0.34 mmol/kg/day DHEA injection once a day for 7 days before steroid treatment and an exercise+DHEA-steroid group(EDS, n=9) that ran on the treadmill combined with 0.34 mmol/kg/day DHEA injection for 7 days before steroid treatment. At 15 days all rats were anesthetized and soleus, plantaris and gastrocnemius muscles were dissected. Body weight, food intake, muscle weight, myofibillar protein content and cross-sectional area of the dissected muscles were determined. Results: The DS group showed significant increases(p<.05) as compared to the steroid group in body weight, and muscle weight of gastrocnemius muscles. The EDS group showed significant increases(p<.05) as compared to the S group in body weight, muscle weight, myofibrillar protein content, and Type II fiber cross-sectional area of soleus, plantaris and gastrocnemius muscles. Conclusion: Exercise combined with DHEA administration before steroid treatment prevents steroid induced muscle atrophy, with exercise combined with DHEA administration being more effective than DHEA administration alone in preventing muscle atrophy.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.49-56
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• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of anorexia induced by consecutive low-dose and high-dose of cisplatin (CDDP) on the hindlimb muscles of rats. Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned to three groups: Control group (C) received a saline (the same dose and duration as the low CDDP group), the high-dose cisplatin (High CDDP) group received a single 5 mg/kg dose of cisplatin, the consecutive low-dose cisplatin (Low CDDP) group had 1 mg/kg of cisplatin administered for five consecutive days. On the 8th day the soleus and gastrocnemius muscles were dissected. Body weight, food intake, activity, muscle weight, Type I, II fiber cross-sectional area (CSA) of the dissected muscles were measured. Results: Body weight, food intake, muscle weight and Type I, II fiber CSA of the High CDDP and Low CDDP groups were significantly less than the C group. The High CDDP group showed significant decreases, compared to the Low CDDP group, in body weight, food intake, activity score, muscle weight and Type I, II fiber CSA. Conclusion: Hindlimb muscle atrophy occurs due to anorexia induced by both consecutive low-dose and high-dose cisplatin. The muscle atrophy induced by consecutive low-dose cisplatin is less apparent than high-dose cisplatin.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.371-377
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• 2017

Muscle atrophy is characterized by a decrease in the mass of the muscle. With an increase in life expectancy and chronic illnesses, the incidence of muscle atrophy is increasing and the quality of life of patients is decreasing. Thus, reducing muscle atrophy is of high clinical and socio-economic importance. Mistletoe is a semi-parasitic plant that has been used as a traditional medicine in many countries to treat various human illnesses. It has been reported that Korean mistletoe extract (KME) has diverse biological functions including anti-tumor, anti-oxidant, anti-diabetic, anti-obesity properties, and extension of lifespan. Especially, we have recently reported that KME improves exercise endurance in mice, indicating its beneficial roles in enhancing the capacity of skeletal muscle. In this study, we investigated whether KME could activate the signaling pathway related to protein synthesis in a mouse model of muscle atrophy. Interestingly, KME efficiently activated the Akt/mTOR pathway, and Akt and mTOR are important signaling hub molecules for the acceleration of protein synthesis in muscle cells. In addition, KME also increased the activity of S6 kinase which is involved in the regulation of muscle cell size. Moreover, the ERK activity, required for transcription of ribosomal RNA for protein synthesis, was also enhanced in KME-treated mouse muscle. These data support the idea that KME increases muscle mass via increased protein synthesis. Our findings also suggest that Korean mistletoe might be a promising candidate for the development of functional foods that are beneficial for preventing muscle atrophy.

• 대한한의학방제학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.499-508
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• 2017

Objectives : Skeletal muscle atrophy occurs in response to a variety of conditions. The unloading to muscle occurs clinically in limb immobilization, bed rest, spinal cord injury and peripheral nerve damage, resulting in significant loss of muscle mass and force production. Muscle disuse is accompanied by an increase in apoptotic signaling, which mediates some of the responses to unloading in the muscle. In this study we tested the hypothesis that Daeyeoung-jeon extract would improve muscle recovery after reloading following disuse. Method : Twenty young male Sprague-Dawley rats were used for the studies. The hindlimb immobilization was performed with casting tape to keep the left ankle joint in a fully extended position. No intervention was performed on the right leg and used as intact region. The Rats in Daeyeoung-jeon treated group (DYJ) were orally administrated Daeyeoung-jeon water extract, and rats of Control group were given with saline only. After 2 weeks of immobilization, all animals were sacrificed, and the whole gastrocnemius muscles were dissected from both legs. The morphology of right and left gastrocnemius muscles in both DYJ and Control groups were assessed by hematoxylin and eosin staining. Moreover, to investigate the immobilization-induced muscular apoptosis, the immunohistochemical analysis of Bax and Bcl-2 was carried out. Results : Daeyeoung-jeon represented the significant protective effects against the reductions of the left gastrocnemius muscles weight and average cross section area to compared with Control group. The treatment with Daeyeoung-jeon extract significantly reduced the immunoreactivity of BAX and increased the immunoreactivity of Bcl-2 in gastrocnemius muscle compared with Control group. Conclusion : Daeyeoung-jeon has protective effects against immobilization-induced muscle atrophy by regulating the activities of apoptosis-associated BAX/Bcl-2 proteins in gastrocnemius muscle.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.61-67
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• 1988

1. 저자들은 1986년 11월부터 1988년 2월까지 경골간부 골절 8례를 나사못 맞물림법을 이용한 골수강내 금속정을 사용하여 치료하였다. 2. 술 후 방사선 소견상 골유합 기간은 평균 약 15주였다. 3. 환자의 입원기간은 평균 5.5주로서 비교적 짧은 입원기간을 보여주었으며 아울러 사회복귀 및 적응이 빨랐다. 4. 술 후 조기운동이 가능하였고 평균 4.3주 경과 후 목발보행을 시작하였다. 5. 술 후 관절강직, 근위축등의 합병증은 거의 없었다. Hamza등에 의한 술후 평가방법에 따르면 Excellent 7례, Good 1례로 결과는 만족스러웠다.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.81-90
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• 2007

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of daily exercise before steroid treatment on mass, the type I and II fiber cross-sectional area, and myofibrillar protein content of hindlimb muscles in a rat model. Method: Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to one of three groups: a control group(n=10) that had a normal saline injection for 7days, a steroid group(n=10) that had a steroid injection for 7days, and an exercise-steroid group(n=10) that ran on the treadmill for 7days before a steroid treatment. Body weight and food intake were measured every day. At 15 days all rats were anesthetized and the soleus, plantaris and gastrocnemius muscles were dissected. Result: The exercise-steroid group showed significant increases as compared with the steroid group in body weight, muscle weight of the soleus and gastrocnemius, type II muscle fiber cross-sectional area of plantaris, and myofibrillar protein content of the soleus, plantaris, and gastrocnemius. As compared with the control group, the steroid group showed significant decreases in body weight and diet intake, muscle weight, the type II fiber cross-sectional area and myofibrillar protein content of the soleus, plantaris, and gastrocnemius muscles. Conclusion: Daily exercise before steroid treatment attenuates hindlimb muscle atrophy, with type II muscle changes more apparent than type I muscle changes.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.665-675
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• 2001

The aim of this study was to compare features of muscle atrophy induced by cast fixation. denervation and suspension of rat hindimb. Muscle mass and glycogen of the soleus and plantaris muscles were studied after 3, 7, or 14 days of cast fixation, denervation and suspension. The results as follows: 1. Body weight of rats decreased significantly after 3 days and showed gradually increase after 7 and 14 days of hindlimb cast fixation, denervation and suspension. Particularly hindlimb suspended rats showed a rapid decrease after 3 days in body weight. 2. Relative weight of soleus and plantaris musclcs decreased significantly by hindlimb cast fixation, denervation and suspension, particularly after 7 days. The decrease rate was the lowest in suspended rats. 3. Glycogen content of soleus muscle decreased significantly after 14 days of hindlimb cast fixation, denervation and suspension. Also glycogen content of plantaris muscle decreased significantly after 14 days of hindlimb cast fixation and denervation, but not significantly after hindlimb suspension. These results indicate that suspension of hindlimb muscles causes less atropy than cast fixation or denervation, likely due to maintainment a few activities during hindlimb suspension. We concluded that the decrease in mechanical strains imposed on the muscle during inactivity was the main factor for the development of atrophy. These basic data suggest that some experimental conditions such as electrostimulation or stretching, participate in countermeasure programmes.

• 대한한의학방제학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.29-39
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• 2020

Objectives : Glucoraphanin is one of the well-known natural glucosinolates found in cruciferous plants. In the present study, we investigated the effects and molecular mechanism of glucoraphanin in dexamethasone-induced skeletal muscle atrophy in vitro model. Methods : The cytotoxic effects of glucoraphanin on C2C12 myoblasts or myotubes were evaluated by MTT assay. The glucoraphanin was evaluated effects in dexamethasone-induced skeletal muscle atrophy in C2C12 myotubes using a real-time PCR, western blots analysis, and immunofluorescence staining of myosin heavy chain. Result : Glucoraphanin had no cytotoxicity on both C2C12 myoblasts or myotubes. Dexamethasone markedly induced muscle atrophy by up-regulating muscle-specific ubiquitin E3 ligase markers, atrogin-1 and MuRF1, and down-regulating MyoD, a myogenic regulatory factor whereas co-treatment of glucoraphanin and dexamethasone dose-dependently inhibited it. Furthermore, decreased expressions of p-Akt, p-FOXO1, and p-FOXO3a induced by dexamethasone were reversed by co-treatment with glucoraphanin and dexamethasone. In addition, dexamethasone obviously reduced myotube diameters, while co-treatment of glucoraphanin and dexamethasone increased those to a similar level as control. Conclusions : These results show that glucoraphanin suppresses dexamethasone-induced muscle atrophy in C2C12 myotubes through activation of Akt/FOXO signaling pathway.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제40권5호
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• pp.611-619
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of exercise on muscle weight and Type I and II fiber cross-sectional area of affected and unaffected hindlimb muscles in rats with neuropathic pain induced by unilateral peripheral nerve injury. Methods: Neuropathic pain was induced by ligation and cutting of the left L5 spinal nerve. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to one of two groups: The Pain+Exercise (PE) group (n=21) and the Sham+Exercise (SE) group (n=20). All rats had 28 sessions of treadmill exercise at grade 10 for 30 minutes, twice/day at 10 m/min for 14 days. Body weight, food intake and activity were measured every day. At 15 days all rats were anesthetized and soleus, plantaris and gastrocnemius muscles were dissected. Muscle weight and Type I, II fiber cross-sectional area of the dissected muscles were measured. Results: The PE group showed significant increases (p<.05), as compared to the SE group for body weight and total diet intake, muscle weight of the unaffected soleus and plantaris, and in Type I and II fiber cross-sectional area of unaffected three muscles and affected plantaris. Conclusion: Exercise for 14 days attenuates unaffected soleus, plantaris and gastrocnemius muscle atrophy in neuropathic pain model.

• 대한한의학방제학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.311-321
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• 2016

Chronic or acute alcohol abuse often leads to liver injury associated with alcoholic hepatitis, liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, and liver cancer. In addition to the liver, alcohol abuse also induces a variety of other tissue injuries including pancreatitis, cardiomyopathy, neurotoxicity and muscle loss. Chronic skeletal muscle myopathy, independent of peripheral neuropathy, is well recognised in alcoholic patients. Several mechanisms may be involved in the pathogenesis of alcoholic myopathy. Ethanol is a potent inhibitor of muscle protein synthesis. Gastrocnemius and plantaris muscles are Type II fiber-predominant and usually considered representative of the musculature as a whole. Whereas, soleus muscle is Type I fiber predominant. Shihosogan-san is a traditional Korean medicine that is widely employed to treat indigestion and liver diseases. Muscle diseases are often related to liver diseases and conditions. We therefore tested the hypothesis that treatment with Shihosogan-san could ameliorate the ethanol-induced changes in muscle protein synthesis. Young male Sprague-Dawley rats were orally given 25% ethanol (5ml/kg, body weight) daily with Ethanol for 28 days. Normal group was similarly administrated with saline. In Shihosogan-san treated group, rats were orally administrated Shihosogan-san extract, and rats of EtOH group were given with the vehicle only. After 4 week, the morphology of gastrocnemius and plantaris muscles were assessed by hematoxylin and eosin staining. For comparative purposes, liver function was also investigated. The muscles from rats of EtOH group displayed a significant reduction in average cross section area compared to Normal group. Shihosogan-san treated group had increased fiber compared to the EtOH group. Moreover, Shihosogan-san treated group compared with EtOH group showed significantly decreased pro-apoptotic BAX expression and increased anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 expression. In conclusion, Shihosogan-san extract showed ameliorating effects on chronic alcohol toxicity in skeletal muscle.