• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.29-52
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• 2011

A predictable and manageable output is desirable for most businesses. However, it is very difficult to control the quality and quantity of products in the food and agriculture business. Predictable outputs help managers plan their marketing, sales, and inbound and outbound logistics, but these are not easy to achieve in the food and agriculture business. Various industries have adopted different levels of automation and utilization of information systems for quality/quantity control; however e-Commerce of the food and agriculture industry is far behind those of other industries. Today, the food and agriculture industry is supposed to be more integrated than ever in order to reduce risks and improve processing costs, from farm to table. Since its operations including production, processing, storage, distribution, and management are dispersed all over the world, the food and agricultural industries now depend more on IT than other industries. This study attempts to develop a framework to analyze the current situation of agricultural product e-Commerce in Korea, and finds out the actual situation of the farmers operating on-line shopping systems through the developed framework and suggests some improvements.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.17 no.2 s.86
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• pp.171-177
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• 2005

Even though the cost associated with the repair and rehabilitation of existing structures are rapidly increasing, vast number of the repaired and rehabilitated structures do not function properly as expected during their remaining service lives. This paper focused on the flexural behavior of reinforced concrete slabs repaired and reinforced by PS strand and polymer mortar in the tension face. The slabs have the size of 700${\times}120{\times}$2200 m and 700${\times}120{\times}$1300 mm. Variables of experiment were space of strengthening, chipping, the number of strand, the kind of mortar in this experimental study. Attention is concentrated upon overall bending capacity, deflection, ductility and failure mode of repaired and reinforced slabs. Test results show that deflection of repaired and reinforced slabs reduced to approximately $40 \%$ comparison to standard slabs. Boundary cracking of chipping slab started ultimate load afterward. Concrete-mortar interface cracked 64.5 kN in repaired slab with AP mortar and 36.0 kN in repaired slab with general polymer mortar. Reinforcement effect increased with reducing space of strand. Also, Reinforcement effects are more by strand than by polymer mortar.

• Journal of the Korean Geosynthetics Society
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.29-40
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• 2018

Oil sands, which are largely distributed in Canada and Venezuela, are a mixture of crude oil and sandy soils. In order to extract crude oil from oil sands, construction of massive oil sand plants is required. Generally, the typically-used foundation types of the oil sand plant are driven piles and cast-in-place piles. Most of the oil sand plants are located in cold and remote regions. Installation of driven piles in frozen or organic surface soils is difficult due to high resistance and installation equipment accessability, while the cast-in-place pile has concrete curing problem due to cold temperature. Helical pile can be installed quickly and easily using rotation with a little help of vertical load. As the installation of helical pile is available using a small and light-weight installation equipment, accessibility of installation equipment is improved. The helical pile has an advantage of easy removal by rotation in reverse direction compared with that of installation. Furthermore, reuse of removed helical piles is possible when the piles are structurally safe. In this study, the behavior of helical piles varying helix pitch was analyzed based on the numerical analysis results. Numerical model was calibrated based on the results of model helical pile tests in laboratory. The ultimate helical pile loads, the displacement of each helix attached to the shaft of the helical pile, and the load sharing ratio of each helix were analyzed.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.8
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• pp.102-110
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• 2019

Today's professional sports teams are in a highly competitive environment with no prospects in sight. A that was considered the favorite to win a championship can suffer from a severe slump, a team that was expected to be at the bottom can achieve victory. This unexpected situation is continuing to repeat. It is also a sign of the need to look at the use of human resources and strategies in the sports industry. Accordingly, this study looks at Daegu FC soccer team, Korea's first team for citizens. A case study on human resources innovation was done. This study introduces an argument for ordinary resources (AOR) from Frey et al. (2015) for a theoretical review and a case analysis of domestic professional football. This study determines the direction of how Daegu FC should proceed. The results of the research are as follows: first, the success of harmonizing strategic and mundane resources, and second, belief in coaches. The main contribution of this research is that it presents the importance of human resources, which is one of basic tactics that sports teams should utilize. In the sports industry, where the temporality is underlined for its clear beginning and ending, teams are more likely to use diverse sports tactics to obtain superior grades, which enriches the basis of their tactics.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.114-125
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• 2019

The frequency of official injury of fire-fighting officers exposed to an extreme situation in disaster areas has been continuously increased. In spite of increase of injury, procedures of injury approval are complex, so the working environment of fire-fighting officers is very poor in terms of safety management. This study was, therefore, conducted to provide basic data for improvement of the injury management system for fire-fighting officers, by empirically analyzing the system for those in Busan city. The findings of the empirical analysis are as follows: first, the frequency of injury experienced by them is higher than that of other occupations; second, application for injury is not actively made; third, fire-fighting officers should bear the expense if injury is approved. On the basis of such an analysis on actual conditions, an analysis on policy factors for improving the injury management system shows; first, various high-risk matters should be considered in the review of application for injury, for improvement factors of the application for injury, while it is necessary to extend the benefit and support project for injured officers, for operation improvement factors of the injury management system, and the compensation act should be improved, for the improvement factors of the injury system. Second, it is urgent to develop damage prevention and coping education program for improving the injury management system. In addition, the simplification of administrative procedures of application for injury and the extension of benefit and support project for injured officers should be realized as soon as possible, moreover, the enhancement of directors' interest and support is also required.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.5-16
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• 2019

With the recent concentration of urban populations, the constructions of large structures are increasing, along with the development of foundations for large structures. PHC Piles have been used in many structures ever since Japanese introduced the technology at the end of the 20th century. Recently, many studies on the use of the PHC Pile have been carried out as earth retaining using the merits of PHC piles. In this study, static axial compression tests were conducted on the PHC-W piles constructed as column-type in building underground additional wall using the PHC-W earth retaining wall. The end bearing capacity of pile was calculated using the axial load transfer measurement that was obtained from the static axial compression test result. Since end bearing capacity of the PHC-W pile embedded in weathered rock showed a different behaviour from the conventional PHC pile, the calculation method of end bearing capacity for column-type PHC-W piles would be proposed. The unit ultimate end bearing equation proposed for single and group PHC-W pile embedded in weathered rock is $q_b=13.3N_b$ and $q_b=6.8N_b$.

• Journal of the Korean Geosynthetics Society
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.21-32
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• 2020

As the global large-scale infrastructure construction market expands, the construction of civil engineering structures in extreme environments such as cold or hot regions is being planned or constructed. Accordingly, the construction of the pile foundation is essential to secure the bearing capacity of the upper structure, but there is a concern about loss of stability and function of the pile foundation due to the possibility of ground deformation in extreme cold and hot regions. Therefore, in this study, a new type of pile foundation is developed to respond with the deformation of the ground, and the ground deformation that can occur in extreme cold and hot region is largely divided into heaving and settlement. The new type of pile foundation is a form in which a cylinder capable of shrinkage and expansion is inserted inside the steel pipe pile, and the effect of the cylinder during the heaving and settlement process was analyzed numerically. As a result of the numerical analysis, the ground heaving caused excessive tensile stress of the pile, and the expansion condition of the cylinder shared the tensile stress acting on the pile and reduced the axial stress acting on the pile. Ground settlement increased the compressive stress of the pile due to the occurrence of negative skin friction. The cylinder must be positioned below the neutral point and behave in shrinkage for optimum efficiency. However, the amount and location of shrinkage and expansion of cylinder must comply with the allowable displacement range of the upper structure. It is judged that the design needs to be considered.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.210-221
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• 2020

This research was executed to select beneficial antagonists from digestive organ of Allomyrina dichotoma larva that can be put on environment friendly control against phytopathogenic fungi. We screened 38 bacterial strains inhibiting mycelial growth against eight plant pathogens through dual culture assay. The 10 strains among 38 bacterial strains were selected as beneficial microbes showing antifungal activity against Botrytis cinerea, Plasmodiophora brassicae, Colletotrichum acutatum and Phytophthora capsici through under greenhouse pot trials. The 10 bacterial strains that shown strongest antifungal activity were classified into 3 genera and 10 species, and identified as the genus Bacillus (DM146, DM152, DH2, and DH16), Paenibacillus (DF30, DH14, and DM142) and Streptomyces (DF137, DM48, and DH92) by morphological characteristics and 16s rRNA gene sequence. The 10 bacterial strains had solubilizing activity of insoluble phosphates, production of IAA (indole-3-acetic acid), β-1,3-glucanase and protease. Among the 10 bacterial strains, DM152 strain was produced significant enhancement of all growth parameters of chili pepper and tomato seedlings under greenhouse condition. Thus, this study demonstrated that gut microbes of Allomyrina dichotoma larva will be useful as a potential biocontrol agent against plant pathogens and biofertilizer.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.12
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• pp.772-781
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• 2020

A direct shear member resists external forces through the shear transfer of reinforcing bars placed at the concrete interface. The current concrete structural design code uses empirical formulas based on the shear friction analogy, which is applied to the horizontal shear of concrete composite beams. However, in the case of a member with a large amount of reinforcing bars, the shear strength obtained through the empirical formula is lower than the measured value. In this paper, the limit state of newly constructed composite beams on an existing concrete girder is defined using stress field theory, and material constitutive laws are applied to gain horizontal shear strength while considering the tension-stiffening and softening effects of concrete struts. A simplified method of calculating the shear strength is proposed, which was validated by comparing it with the related design code provisions. As a result, it was confirmed that the method generally shows a similar tendency to the experimental results when the shear reinforcing bar yields, unlike the regulations of the design code, where differences in the predicted value of shear strength occur according to the shear reinforcement ratio.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2021

Concrete structures gradually age due to deterioration of materials or excess loads and environmental factors, and their performance decreases, affecting the usability and safety of structures. Although external tension construction methods are widely used among the reinforcement methods of old bridges, it is insufficient to identify the effects and effects of reinforcement depending on the level of aging. Therefore, in this study, a four-point loading experiment was conducted on the subject with the non-reinforced and external tensioning method to confirm the reinforcement effect of the external tensioning method, assuming the aging of the structure as a reduction in the compressive strength and tensile reinforcement of concrete, to analyze the behavior of the reinforcement and confirm the reinforcement effect. As a result of the experiment, it was difficult to identify the amount of reinforcement in the extreme condition due to early elimination of the anchorage. Therefore, compliance with the regulations on anchor bolts is required when applying the external tension reinforcement method. Crack load and yield load increased depending on whether external tension was reinforced, but before the crack, the stiffness before and after reinforcement was similar, making it difficult to confirm the reinforcement effect.