• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.756-761
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• 1996

Influence of acetic acid on xylitol production from xylose using Candida parapsilosis KFCC 10875 was investigated at the different concentrations of acetic acid. Acetic acid was totally consumed below 1.0 g/l of its concentration, whereas partially consumed above 3.0 g/l and remained in the medium during xylitol fermentation. Cell growth, xylose consumption, and xylitol production decreased when acetic acid concentration was increased. Specific growth rate of cell and specific consumption rate of xylose also decreased with increasing the concentration of acetic acid. However, the xylitol yield from xylose and specific production rate of xylitol were maximum at 1.0 g/l of acetic acid. The inhibitory effect of acetic acid on xylitol fermentation increased when pH was decreased.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.33 no.9
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• pp.1552-1559
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• 2004

In order to evaluate the potential utilization value as a novel probiotic strain, the immunopotentiating activities of the cellular components from Lactobacillus brevis FSB-1 were examined. L. brevis FSB-1 isolated from kimchi were fractionated into the whole cell, cell wall, cytosol and extracellular preparation, and each fraction was examined on intestinal immune system modulating activity in vitro. The cell wall and cytosol preparation showed the relatively high bone marrow cell proliferating activity through Peyer's patch cell in a dose-dependent manner. But these preparations did not directly stimulate the bone marrow cell proliferation. The whole cell, cell wall and cytosol preparation also induced considerable levels of macrophage activation and mitogenicity of murine splenocytes in vitro. The anti-complementary activity (ITCH_(50)) of the cytosol fraction of L. brevis FSB-1 was the most potent in the cellular components, and the activity showed dose dependency. The complement activation by the cytosol fraction of L. brevis FSB-1 occurs via both alternative and classical pathways, which confirmed by the crossed immunoelectrophoresis using anti-human C3.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.120-125
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• 1997

Rhodotorula glutinis was inoculated in the medium containing 0 ($S_0$), 0.01 ($S_1$), 0.1 ($S_2$) and 1.0% ($S_3$) Ganodoma lucidum extract and incubated in a shaking incubator at $30^{\circ}C$ for 8 days and the cell growth, sugarity, lipid content, and fatty acid composition were measured to investigate the effects of G. lucidum extract on the growth and biosynthesis of fatty acids by oleaginous yeast, Rhodotorula glutinis. After the 8 day incubation, the cell growth of $S_1,\;S_2\;and\;S_3$ increased 1.6, 1.7 and 2.1 times, respectively, than that of $S_0$. Sugar consumption of incubating medium was decreased but the crude lipid content in R. glutinis was increased with increase of the amount of G. Lucidum extract. Myristic, palmitic, stearic, oleic and linoleic acids were identified by GC as the major fatty acids in the crude lipid produced by R. glutinis and the content of unsaturated fatty acids (38.6 mg/g) was greater than that of saturated fatty acids (22.3 mg/g). As the G. lucidum extract concentration increased, fatty acids contents were increased except myristic acid, and the most increase occurred at the addition of 0.1% while they were considerably decreased in the case of the addition of 1.0% G. lucidum extract.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.247-252
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• 2015

Aronia (Black chokeberry, Aronia melanocarpa) belonging to the Rosaceae family, is native to eastern North America. Aronia contain high levels of flavonoids, mostly anthocyanins and proanthocyanidins, which are known as condensed tannins. The dominant proanthocyanidins in aronia are (-)-epicatechin and (+)-catechin. The concentration of proanthocyanidins in aronia is higher than in other berries, however due to the astringent taste it is not desirable for consumption. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of aronia on the reduction in tannins by yeast isolated from regional Jeotgal. We isolated strains of yeast with high ${\beta}$-glucosidase activity from Jeotgal, with the MTY2 strains exhibiting a reduction in final tannin concentration according to thin layer chromatography (TLC) analysis. MTY2 was confirmed as Kazachstania servazzii using an 18S rDNA sequence and named as K. servazzii MTY2. K. servazzii MTY2 showed most significant growth when K. servazzii MTY2 was cultured in a solution of 10% (w/v) glucose, 3% (w/v) tryptone and 0.1% (w/v) sodium chloride. According to the high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis, the (+) - catechin peak is present, but (-) - epicatechin peak was reduced at culture condition added with 10% glucose in medium.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.333-337
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• 2002

To develope food preservative, antimicrobial activities of Pinus densiflora (PD) ethanol extract against Listeria monocytogenes Scott A. Listeria monocytogenes Brie I and Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 19111 were investigated. The ethanol extracts of PD showed strong antimicrobial activities on Listeria monocytogenes. The crude ethanol extracts of PD were further fractionated by ether, ethyl acetate and butanol. The ether fraction from ethanol extract showed the strongest antimicrobial effects on Listeria monocytogenes in tryptic soy broth containing 40 mg/mL ether fractions compared with other fractions. The effect of ethanol extract of pinus densiflora against Listeria monocytogenes culture for growth stage in tryptic soy broth at 35$^{\circ}C$ showed the strongest antimicrobial activites for lag phase. The morphological changes of the cells were observed with transmission electron microscope (TEM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) and the cells were injured by treatment of 40 mg/mL ethanol extract of Pinus densiflora.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.210-214
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• 1986

The culture conditions and cell composition of a hydrogen bacterica, Alcaligenes eutrophus ATCC 17697. were investigated. Optimum pH and temperature for cell growth under autotrophic condition ($H_2$ as energy source, $CO_2$, as crabon source) were around 7.0 and $30^{\circ}C$, respectively. Effect of oxygen partial pressure in the range of 0.059 atm and 0.27 atm on cell growth was also studied. Maximum specific growth rate $({\mu}max=0.31hr^{-1})$ was observed at 0.11 atm of oxygen partial pressure $(H_2:O_2:CO_2=7:1:1)$. The contents of crude protein, nucleic acid and ash in cells were 69.2%, 17.6%, and 3.62%, respectively.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Applied Microbiology Conference
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• 1978.04a
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• pp.98.4-98
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• 1978

방선균에서 RNA 분해효소력이 강한 균주를 토양으로부터 선별하여 이 균주의 RNA 분해산물을 검토하고 부산물로서 항생물질의 생성을 조사하였다. 먼저 동시 생성 생육조건을 검토한 결과, 유기 질소원으로서 soybean meal 1.5%, 무기 질소원으로서는 $KNO_3$ 0.05% 첨가하였을 때 효과가 있었고, 탄소원으로서는 가용성 전분 2% 첨가시가 조건이 좋았다. 무기염류를 배지에 첨가하였을 때 별 다른 영향이 없었고 오히려 $CuSO_4를$ 가하였을 때는 저해를 보였다. 최초 pH가 7.0, 배양 2일째에 균체증식, 효소생산 및 항생물질의 생산이 최대를 나타내었다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Applied Microbiology Conference
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• 1979.10a
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• pp.236-238
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• 1979

자연계에 배출되는 유기물함유폐수는 Figl 에 나타난 바와 같이 미생물의 생태적변동에 의해 정화된다. (표 1참조)이 자연현상을 인공장치에 의해 효율좋게 정화시키는 연구를 20수년전부터 개시하여 Test plant 및 Pilot plant을 작제하여, 검토하여 현재는 Fig. 2.에 나타난 바와 같은 실용화 plant가 다수, 가동하게 되었다. Fig. 2의 flow pheet를 개약설명한다. 먼저 폐수원액은 vibrating filter를 통과시키므로서 고형물은 제거된다. 이 용액을 구기조(Aeration tank)에 투입하여, 맹렬히 통기하면서, 호기분해를 행한다. 1 일간, 포기후, 호기성균체를 포함한 용액을 다음의 광합성세균배양조에 이행시켜, 4 일간 체류시키므로서 광합성세균등을 증식시킨다. 그후 응집침전제를 첨가하여, 광합성세균등의 Bacterial mass는 회수된다. 그 상맥부는 최종적으로 포기되고, (동기, 한랭에 있어서는 산포여상 Contact oxidation tower를 통과시킨다.) 소량의 침전제을 분리한 후 방류한다, 광합성세균이용에 의한 수처리기술의 특징은 1) 농후유기폐수를 희석하지 않고 정화처리할 수 있다. 2) 표3에 나타난 바와같이 적용할 수 있는 폐수의 종류는 많다. 3) 부산물로서 회수한 균체는 축산사료나 수산사료로서 이용할 수 있다. 표4 및 표5는 산난계 및 부화직후의 치어의 첨가사료 로서 이용한 일예이다.

• The Microorganisms and Industry
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.63-68
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• 1992

방선균에서 항생물질을 발효 생산하기 위해서는 이와 관련된 방선균의 생리학적 및 생화학적 특성을 고찰해 볼 필요가 있다. 우선, 항생물질은 방선균의 2차 대사산물로써 이의 생산은 미생물의 성장과는 거의 연계되어 있지 않다. 즉, 방선균의 발효 과정을 살펴보면, 일반적으로 균체가 성장하는 증식 단계(trophophase)와 항생물질이 생산되는 발효 단계(idiophase)로 구분할 수 있다(2). 다시 말해서, 항생물질과 같은 2차 대사산물은 균체의 성장이 어느 정도 완료되어진 이후에 생합성되어지기 시작하며, 이는 방선균의 생활 주기상의 분화과정과도 밀접한 관계를 갖고 있는 것으로 알려져 있다. 또 하나의 특징은 한 종류의 방선균으로부터 유사한 화학적 골격을 지닌 여러 종의 항생물질들이 동시에 생산되어지는 경우가 많으며, 외부 환경에 따라 그 생산량이 크게 영향을 받는다는 사실이다. 따라서 방선균에서 목적하는 항생물질만을 과량생산하기 위해서는 배지의 조성을 비롯하여 pH, 발효온도, 통기, 점도 등 여러가지 발효 조건들을 잘 조절해 주어야 한다. 이러한 관점에서 방선균을 이용한 항생물질 발효에 있어서 그 생산량을 증대시키기 위해 고려해 주어야 할 사항들을 고찰해 보기로 한다.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.1-11
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• 1973

In order to obtain the basic informations on the production of single cell protein from ethanol, 145 yeast strains utilizing ethanol as a sole carbon source were isolated from 32 soil samples in Korea. A yeast strain showing the highest cell yield among the isolated strains was selected and identified. The optimum culture condition, utilization of other carbon sources and the cultural characteristics for the selected yeast, and the chemical analysis of the yeast cell composition, and utilization of ethanol by the selected yeast were investigated. All the culture was carried out in the shaking flasks. The results obtained were as follows: 1. The selected yeast strain was identified as Debaryomyces nicotianae-SNU 72. 2. The optimum composition of the medium for the selected yeast is : Ethanol 40 ml, Urea 0.5 g, Potassium phosphate (dibasic) 0.5 g, Ammoium phosphate (monobasic) 0.15 g, Magnesium sulfate 0.05 g, Calcium chloride 0.01g, Yeast extract 0.005 g, Tap water 1000 ml. 3. The optimum pH was 5.0-5.5, the optimum temperature $30-33^{\circ}C$ and the aerobic state was unimportant. 4. Utilization of methanol, n-propanol, iso-propanol, n-butanol, iso-butanol, tert-amyl alcohol and acetic acid by the selected yeast was very weak. So substitution of the subtrate was thought to be impossible. 5. Studies on the propagation of the yeast cells showed that the lag phase of the yeast cells lasted 16 hours, and the logarithmic growth phase extended 16 to 28 hours. The specific growth rate was about $0.19\;hr^{-1}$ and the doubling time was 3.6 hours during the logarithmic growth phase. 6. As the result of the chemical analysis of the dry yeast cells, the content rate of the crude protein was 55.19 %, the content of others was similar to the average content of the yeast component. 7. After 34 hours cultivation, under the optimum culture condition investigated, the dry cell yield against the amount of the added ethanol was 53.4 % (W/V%), the dry cell yield against the amount of the utilized ethanol was 73.6 % (W/V%), the evaporation rate of ethanol was about 19.1 %.