• (The)Study of the Eastern Classic
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• no.59
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• pp.359-386
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• 2015

To date, the study of the $jh{\bar{a}}peti$ is small. "Osamnanyasinhakbiyoung" was found in the Gumamodo University in 2006, research has gained a new opportunity. The '연약(練若)' of "Osamyunyaksinhakbiyoung(오삼연약신학비용)" is an abbreviation of ara?ya should be unified in "Osamnanyasinhakbiyoung(五衫練若新學備用)". The second volume contains the following information. Since the Buddhist ritual of ordinary people, this made according to fit the rules in accordance with the environment(隨方毗尼). Obok(五服) is called according to the meaning Osam(五衫) of dressed standard. Gamguhyodangdo is to install one incense and one lanterns to illuminate their own buddha, is where enshrines the relics(śarīra). Back to the article, which should show the face bitter and sad hearts. Over white paper it should represent an article. Posts containing the meaning of the sacrifice must necessarily meant to inform heaven as articles for the dead. Such "Osamnanyasinhakbiyoung" of structure and contents of the second volume was reflected in "Sungmoonsanguicho(釋門喪儀抄)". "Osamnanyasinhakbiyoung" written intent is reflected in the prolegomena of the "Sungmoonsanguicho" it influenced $Jh{\bar{a}}peti$-Rites during the Joseon Dynasty. "Osamnanyasinhakbiyoung" of prepare after death and "Sunksiyoram(釋氏要覽)" of funeral was incorporated as "Sungmoonsanguicho". It built the $st{\bar{u}}pa$ is a symbol of tranquility achieved a kind of enlightenment. Human life ends with death, and it completed the $Jh{\bar{a}}peti$-Rites in "Sungmoonsanguicho". The significance here is in. Tying the funeral and burial in one enshrine the relics will be shown on the top by the completion of life. In particular, Kankyungdogam(刊經都監) published in the $Jh{\bar{a}}peti$-Rites "Osamnanyasinhakbiyoung" were engraved production and dissemination. That it will have another significance.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.48-58
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• 2013

The results of this research to study forms, structure, changes, symbolic meanings of 16 Hahoe sceneries through analyses of "Hahwaesipyukgyeong" and "Hahwaenakgangsanghaildaedo" are as belows. The coherence of headword is not discovered in 16 Hahoe sceneries, but based on various variables and sense dependence, endemicity with original natural scenes, human's life and phenomena of riverside village are spread in 3km viewing areas within 200m from Gyeonamjeongsa(謙巖精舍) and Okyeonjeongsa(玉淵精舍). As the viewing points of Gyeonam and Okyeonjeongsa are symmetrically facing and separately independent, while viewing angles do not intersect at Wonjijeongsa (遠志精舍) and Binyeonjeongsa(賓淵精舍) because of Buyongdae(芙蓉臺), and crating each independent viewing area, we can see 16 Hahoe sceneries are perfect views by supplementing Gyeonam and Okyeon Jeongsa, as well as points of views from Wonji and Binyeonjeongsa. Meanwhile, as the view point of 16 Hahoe sceneries, Gyeomam, Okyeon, Binyeon, and Wonji Jeongsa are clearly described, and 12 natural sceneries, which are Hwasan(花山), Ipam(立巖), Maam(馬巖), Jando(棧道), Bangi(盤磯), Hoengju(橫舟), and Honggyo(虹橋), among landscape elements of 16 Hahoe sceneries that can be expressed on canvas in the Haoedo are realistically described, there is high possibility that Haoedo is the 'Mental Stroll about Nature(臥遊) of 16 Hahoe sceneries. The belted forest surrounding the village in the painting is assumed to be an erosion control forest, and considering row-expressed trees, the south belted forest may be a different broad-leaved forest from current Mansongjeong(萬松亭) pine forest. In 16 Hahoe sceneries, there is Neo-confucianism tendency, which connects the nature and human life, and moreover prioritize human life than the nature. Especially as seen in the 'Choljae(拙齋)', the pen name of 16 Hahoe sceneries' author park, the 16 Hahoe scenery poet suggests 'Beauty of Jolbak(拙撲美)' based on the simple life that upright classical scholars pursued as the basic emotion. The thinking system shown in the poet is interpreted as Neo-confucianism category including one's sense and emotion depended on natural features or phenomena. Ultimately, 16 Hahoe sceneries are landscape that reflects moral world views of Confucianism scholars who wanted to express ideal thoughts based on natural features and phenomena in reality at Jeongsa in Buyongdae and Hahoe Village.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.217-225
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• 2015

Local heating system providing hot air locally to growing parts including shoot apex and flower cluster which were temperature-sensitive organs of cherry tomato was developed to reduce energy consumption for greenhouse heating without decline of crop growth. Growing part following local heating system was composed of double duct distributer which connected inner and outer ducts with hot air heater and winder which moved ducts up and down following growing parts with plant growth. Growing part local heating system was compared with conventional bottom duct heating system with respect to distributions of air and leaf surface temperatures according to height, growth characteristics and energy consumption. By growing part local heating, air temperature around growing part was maintained $0.9{\sim}2.0^{\circ}C$ higher than that of lower part of crop and leaf surface temperature was also stratified according to height. Investigations on crop growth characteristics and crop yield showed no statistically significant difference except for plant height between bottom duct heating and growing part local heating. As a result, the growing part local heating system consumed 23.7% less heating energy than the bottom duct heating system without decrease of crop yield.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.29 no.2 s.73
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• pp.147-156
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• 1999

Skeletal Cl III malocclusion is an orthopedic appliance mainly used for growing children with maxillary undergrowth, which largely entails skeletal Cl III malocclusion. It improves anterior crossbite and maxillary position and thus, enables patients to attain favorable Profile but often involves unfavorable profile with protrusive upper and lower lips. Therefore, if orthodontists have knowledge of which condition helps obtain favorable occlusion and profile, they are able to predict the prognosis and limitation of the treatment. This study was done in order to help obtain favorable Profile after treating growing skeletal Cl III children. In the study, we classified childern into two groups, the one with favorable profile(Group 1, n=12) and the other with unfavorable profile(Group 2, n=14) and, with retrospective study using pre- and post-treatment lateral cephalogram, drew the following conclusions. 1. As patients had more serious labioversion of upper incisors, they were more unlikely to have favorable profiles after the treatment. Protrusion of prosthion, which was related with maxillary incisors, also affected profiles. 2. As the NL-ML angle before the treatment was small, it was more likely to get favorable profile. 3. As the degree of lower lip protrusion was high, it was likely to have bialveolar protrusion after the treatment. 4. As the degree of downward and backward rotation of mandible was high, it was likely to get unfavorable profile.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.1083-1095
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• 2003

The analysis of drying stream characteristics for about 500 streams from field survey data with 19 items has been fulfilled. Also, a study area has been determined, and criteria of estimation has been established : criteria such as, available hydrological data, the size of stream lengths and basin areas and regional characteristics. Then they are applied to designated study areas. The final selected study areas are 8 basins. The analysis of drying stream characteristics using a GIS has been applied to 5 basins in which spacial data is comparatively implemented among the final 8 target catchments. The spacial analysis using a GIS is applied to stream slopes for upstream and downstram at weirs, overlaying the map of buffering stream networks and ground water pump stations map, sinuosity of drying stream. As a result of drying streams survey analysis, drying stream characteristics are followed; levee types are earth and natural, cross sectional shapes are trapezoid, stream bed materials are gravels and sands, facilities in streams are weirs. As a result of GIS analysis, stream slopes are comparatively larger downstream than upstream close to weirs. There are arranged ground water pump stations less than 500m from stream networks. Also the average of sinuosity for each drying stream is in the range of 1.229∼1.475, comparatively a serious.

• Progress in Medical Physics
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.196-202
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• 2003

In 3-dimensional conformal radiation therapy (3D-CRT) and intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT), many studies on reducing setup error have been conducted in order to focus the irradiation on the tumors while sparing normal tissues as much as possible. As one of these efforts, we developed an image enhancement and registration tool for simulators and portal images that analyze setup errors in a quantitative manner. For setup verification, we used simulator (films and EC-L films (Kodak, USA) as portal images. In addition, digital-captured images during simulation, and digitally-reconstructed radiographs (DRR) can be used as reference images in the software, which is coded using IDL5.4 (Research Systems Inc., USA). To improve the poor contrast of portal images, histogram-equalization, and adaptive histogram equalization, CLAHE (contrast limited adaptive histogram equalization) was implemented in the software. For image registration between simulator and portal images, contours drawn on the simulator image were transferred into the portal image, and then aligned onto the same anatomical structures on the portal image. In conclusion, applying CLAHE considerably improved the contrast of portal images and also enabled the analysis of setup errors in a quantitative manner.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.60 no.4
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• pp.369-377
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• 2021

Mass trapping of the western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis, has been considered as an option to control this pest. This study applied the commercial lures to the hot pepper-cultivating greenhouses and assessed the enhancement of the attracting efficiency by adding to sticky traps. There was no color difference in the attracting efficiency between blue and yellow sticky traps. However, the installation position of the traps was crucial in the greenhouses. The more thrips were captured within host cropping area than outside areas of the crop. In vertical trap position, it was the most optimal to install the traps at the crop crown. Using these installation parameters, the yellow sticky traps captured approximately 1% population of the thrips. To enhance the trapping efficiency, the commercial lures containing aggregation pheromone or 4-methoxybenzaldehyde were added to the yellow sticky traps. However, these commercial lures did not significantly enhance the trapping efficiency compared to the yellow sticky trap alone. In contrast, Y-tube olfactometry assays confirmed the high efficiency of the aggregation pheromone or another plant volatile (methyl isonicotinate) to attract the thrips. Interestingly, these lure components had lower attracting efficiencies compared to the hot pepper flowers. The high attractive efficiency of the flowers was supported by the observation that the commercial lure was effective to enhance the trapping efficiency of the yellow sticky trap against F. occidentalis in Welsh onion (Allium fistulosum) field without any flowers. This study indicates the limitation of the commercial lures in application to hot pepper fields for the mass trapping of F. occidentalis. It also suggests active volatile component(s) from hot pepper flowers to attract F. occidentalis.

• Journal of the Daesoon Academy of Sciences
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• v.32
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• pp.109-136
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to look at the concept of Gaebyeok as used by Kang Jeungsan (姜甑山) from a civilizational perspective. The combination of East Asian civilization during the period of Korea's port-opening and the subsequent inflow of Western powers with material civilization all at the forefront in the late Joseon Korea, served as the driving force for a new civilizational transition. Unlike the Chuk-sa Party and the Gae-hwa Party, modern Korean religions that emphasized Gaebyeok also responded to Western civilization and suggested a new view of civilization. Kang Jeung-san, resisting discrimination and oppression, presented a civilization built upon mutual beneficence while criticizing Western civilizations which centered on reason. Amid this process of the spread of modern Western civilization, Jeungsan declared the construction of a new civilization to the people who were negatively impacted by various social factions, such as class and gender discrimination, political corruption, exploitation via political corruption, and the inflow of Western powers. Jeungsanist Thought developed criticisms of materialism and human alienation, and this resulted in the claim of Gaebyeok. This was an expression of efforts to build a new civilization that aimed to harmonize, integrate, and thrive. The new civilization envisioned by Jeungsan was that of a society run according to mutual beneficence, and it can be summarized as a 'Civilization of Harmonious Union' that integrates philosophical thought and civilizational models of both East and West. This could also be referred to a 'Civilization of Public-commons and Harmony between Divine Beings and Human Beings (神人公共).' The life of Jeungsan was a life spent in the service of curing the world to save the lives of humanity. Since then, his 'movement of mutual beneficence' as observed in Mugeuk-do and Taegeuk-do were also efforts to build the new civilization envisioned by Jeungsan.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.171-179
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• 2022

In this study, the characteristics of algae mitigation according to dam operation were quantitatively analyzed for Uiam Lake, where the Chuncheon Dam is located upstream of the main stream, Uiam Dam is located downstream, and Soyang Dam is located in the tributary stream. Nine dam operation scenarios were applied to the event of the summer of 2018 (at that time an algae alert occurred) using the EFDC model, which is capable of calculating three-dimensional hydrodynamics and water quality levels such as those associated with chlorophyll-a. The dam operation scenarios were set to generate a flushing effect via discharges in the form of pulse waves from the upstream dams and by lowering the water level at the downstream dam. At Uiam Lake, the flushing effect was different depending on the operation of the dam, and the amount of algae reduction at each point was different owing to topographic characteristics and the different base water temperatures from BukHan River and Soyang River. With regard to a point located on the left bank, it was predicted that the peak level of chlorophyll-a would be reduced by approximately 50 % or more upon pulsed discharge at 50 m³/s for three days at Soyang Dam. However, for the right bank, the amount of discharge from Soyang Dam had little effect on algae mitigation. Therefore, an appropriate dam operation could be effective for algae mitigation at specific points in the water body where large dams exist upstream and downstream, such as at Uiam Lake, in an emergency situation in which algal blooms rapidly.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.41-61
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• 1999

The purpose of this article is to investigate Lee Je-rna'os viewpoint of Morpho-Image. In the first place, I will define the viewpoint of Morpho-Image as the the structure of recognition and study it through bibliographic study on Lee Je-ma's work. The conclusions summarized as follows; 1. The structure of recognition, represented in "Gyukchigo(格致藁)" "Dongyi Soose Bowon Sasang Chobonkyon(東醫壽世保元四象草本卷)", is based on Taigi(太極), Liangyi(兩儀), Sasang(四象). There are the mind of Taigi(太極), the mind of Liangyi(兩儀) separated from Taigi(太極), the mind of Sasang(四象) separated from Liangyi(兩儀). The mind of Taigi(太極) is the mind of center, the mind of Liangyi(兩儀) is the mind of the mind and body(or the wisdom and action). Two axis, the mind(or wisdom) and the body(or action), cross and make Sasang(四象), affair-mind-body-object which classifies all affairs and objects of humans, society, and the universe as four types. 2. Lee Je-ma summarized everything in view of Sasang(四象), Sasang(四象) in view of Liangyi(兩儀), Liangyi(兩儀) in view of Taigi(太極). 3. The procedure of recognition above is described in , , . Such is transformed in terms of human body and described in .