• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.162-165
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• 1996

Various kinds of jeolpyon (cubed rice cake) differing in roasted soybean flour. content (0, 5, 10, 15, 20%) were prepared to study digestibility, degree of gelatinization and retrogradation rate. Digestibility slightly in creased as soybean content increased. Degree of gelatinization also increased as soybean content increased. Retrogradation rate obtained from the changes in hardness of soybean jeolpyon with the control was 0.528 day and time constant (1/k) was 1.89 days.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.916-922
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• 2010

The quality characteristics and antioxidant activities were evaluated for jams containing fructooligosaccharide (FTO) and FTOS (sucrose 50%+FTO 50%) substituted for sucrose. The endpoint of jam preparation was determined to be sweetness of $64^{\circ}Brix$. Moisture contents differed among the treatments, whereas acidity did not. Reducing sugar content and viscosity were highest in the FTO (0.144%, 126,800 cP), and the lowest in control (0.074%, 101,600 cP). Lightness (L value), redness (a value), and yellowness (b value) values of the Hunter color system were highest in the FTO sample. Hardness and springiness of textural properties were the highest in the FTO sample as well. Antioxidant activities were the highest in the FTO sample with the lowest $IC_50$ values (42.3 mg/g for DPPH and 22.4 mg/g for hydroxyl radical scavenging activities). Total phenolic content was the highest in the FTO sample among all treatments. The overall acceptance score of black garlic jam containing FTO was the highest. Based on these results, it is suggested that FTO was appropriate for achieving good qualities such as antioxidative activity in black garlic jam.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.156-162
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• 2009

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical usefulness of upper gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy in children with Henoch-Sch$\"{o}$nlein purpura (HSP). Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the clinical, endoscopic, and histopathologic records of children with HSP who had been admitted to the Department of Pediatrics of Gil Hospital and underwent upper GI endoscopy between January 2002 and June 2009. Patients were classified into the following two groups for statistical analysis: duodenal involvement (+) and duodenal involvement (-). Results: Fifty-one children with HSP underwent upper GI endoscopy; the mean age was 7.2${\pm}$2.9 years. The upper GI endoscopy showed abnormalities of the duodenum in 38 cases (74.5%), 22 of which had duodenal ulcers. Among the biopsy specimens obtained from the duodenum of 37 cases, 13 cases (35.1%) had leukocytoclastic vasculitis, neutrophil debri, and/or extravasation of RBCs. Steroid use was more frequent in the duodenal involvement (+) group (86.8%) than the duodenal involvement (-) group (53.8%; p=0.02). The mean length of hospitalization was 13.9${\pm}$8.43 days in the duodenal involvement (+) group and 8.1${\pm}$4.62 days in the duodenal involvement (-) group (p=0.003). The recurrence rate was significantly higher in the duodenal involvement (-) group than the duodenal involvement (+) group (p=0.027), whereas none of the other study parameters, such as the age of onset, renal involvement, and steroid use, led to significantly higher or lower recurrence rates. Conclusion: These results suggest that duodenal involvement can influence the clinical course and prognosis of HSP in children.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.143-154
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• 1990

Observations were made on the differences of cell-mediated responses in mice of three infectiorl groups di여erently scheduled in their severity with pathogenic Acanthamoeba culbertseni. Infections were done by dropping $5{\;}{\mu}l$ saline suspension containing $3{\times}10^3,{\;}1{\times}10^4,{\;}or{\;}1{\times}10^5$ trophosoites, respectively. Amoebae were cultured anenically in CGV medium and inoculated into the right nasal cavity of CSH/HeJ mice aging around 6∼8 weeks, under the anesthesia by intraperitoneal injection of secobarbital. Delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) responses in footpad and blastogenlc responses of mouse spleen cells using ($^3H$)-thymidine and the serum antibody titer were measured up to day 14 after infection, and natural killer cell activities were measured up to day, i after infection. The results obtained in this study were as follows: 1. The mice infected with $3{\times}10^3$ trophosoites showed mortality rate of 17%, and 345 in the mice infected with $1{\times}10^4$ trophozoites and 65% with $1{\times}10^5$ trophozoites. 2. In regard to DTH responses in all experimental groups, the level increased on day 7 and declined on day 14 after infection, but their differences could not be noted between infected and control groups. 3. The blastogenic responses of splenocytes treated with amoeba Iysates and lipopolysaccharides (LPS) showed no difference from the control group. The blastogenic responses of splenocytes treated with concanavalin A were declined significantly in the experimental group as compared with the control group, but the blastogenic responses of splenocytes treated with polyinosinic acid were not different from the control group. There was also no difference among three infected groups. 4. The cytotoxic activity of the natural killer cells was activated on day 1 after infection and declined to the level of control group on day 2 in all experimental groups. On day 5 after infection, the natural killer cell cytotoxicity was significantly suppressed as compared with the control groups. 5. The serum antibody titers of the infected mice increased after day 7, but there was no statistical difference between the three infected groups. In summary of the results, there was no difference in cell-mediated immune responses of three experimental groups scheduled with different infection intensities. But there was a significant difference in cell$.$mediated immune responses between infected and control mice. It is considered that cell-mediated immune responses should be involved in murine model infected with A. culbertsoni.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.13-18
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• 1994

Chronic Clonorchis sinensis (CS) infection Is etiologically related to cholangiocarcinoma (CHCA) in human and animals. This study was carried out to clarify the role of CS Infection on dimethylnitrosamine (DMN)-induced cholanglocarcinogenesis. Fifteen hamsters were administered with 15 ppm DMN for 4 weeks and one week later, the hamsters were infected with 15 metacercariae of CS (DMN→CS group). The other 15 hamsters were infected with CS and after 5 weeks they were treated with the drug, praziquantel. Again one week later, the hamsters were administered with DMN (CS→DMN group). The other IS hamsters were adulnistered with DMN and CS simultaneously (CS + DMN group) . Histopathological examination of the livers showed CHCA with papillary or adenomatous hyperplasia of bile ductules in 3 of 15 hamsters of DMN→CS group and in 11 of 15 hamsters of DMN + CS group. These results suggest that CS infection to hamsters may have a promoting effect on the development of CHCA.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.7-11
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• 2006

To see effect of marine rock powder and fungal culture supernatant, we analyzed the biodegradation rates of harmful marine dinoflagellate, Heterosigma akashiwo and Prorocentrum minimum for developing the effective control methodology of algal bloom. Relatively low removal rates were observed in the treatment of marine rock powder or buffer solution alone. However, the lysis of H. akashiwo and P. minimum was enhanced in the combined treatments of marine rock powder with fungal supernatant. The effective concentration and exposure time of fungal supernatant for the lysis of H. akashiwo and P. minimum were 5 ml/l and 30 minutes, respectively. These results suggest that the fungal supernatant may be a biocontrol agent for the control of algal blooms in seawater.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.52 no.3
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• pp.298-305
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• 2016

Previously our laboratory showed that Pseudomonas alkylphenolica KL28 possesses two different lap and pcu gene clusters for p-cresol catabolism. In this study, additional gene cluster (pchACXF-pcaHG-orf4-pcaBC) has been identified to encode enzymes necessary for catabolism of p-cresol to ${\beta}$-carboxy-cis,cis-muconate. This gene cluster showed almost identical nucleotide sequence homologies to those in the plasmid of Pseudomonas putida NCIMB 9866 and 9869, British origins, indicating the possibility of a horizontal gene transfer. Through mutagenesis of each gene cluster and gfp-based promoter reporter assays, it has been shown that the three gene clusters are functionally operated and pch genes are induced by p-cresol. Furthermore, the pcu gene cluster of the three was shown to be dominantly expressed in utilization of p-cresol. Mutation of the pcu gene was defective in aerial structure formation under p-cresol vapor, indicating the utilization rate of carbon source is one of key elements for the multicellular development of this strain.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.48 no.5
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• pp.666-675
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• 2020

This study investigated mechanical characteristics of pine trees in Yeongdong (Goseong-gun), Yeongseo (Hongcheon-gun), and Yeongnam (Bonghwa-gun) to define differences in the material quality among pine trees of the three regions. The compressive strength, hardness and shear strength of pine trees of each region were measured. There were no differences in the compressive strength of the juvenile woods among the regions, while the heartwood and sapwood in Bongwha generally showed the highest compressive strength followed by those in Hongcheon and in Goseong. The hardness of the cross-section of pines in Bonghwa was the highest, and in terms of the hardness of the radial and tangential sections, pines in Goseong topped the list.. There were no difference among heartwoods of each region in terms of the shear strength, but, but sapwood from Bonghwa had higher shear strength than those of the other two regions, which may be attributed to differences in tracheid length and microfibril angle among pines in each region. This study identifies the quality differences among pines of different region, and therefore, is expected to add value by helping choose the domestic pine tree material effectively and selectively, and also select a plus tree.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.685-692
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• 2005

This study summarizes our findings on the effect of pine needle powder and water extract on the quality characteristics of wet noodle and the changes of microbial count during storage. The lightness of wet noodles was significantly decreased with increasing amounts of PN powder and water extract added in the noodles(p<.001), whereas the redness and yellowness of the noodles were significantly increased(p<.001). Texture evaluation showed that springiness was the highest in the noodle prepared with 5% PN extract, whereas brittleness was the lowest in 1% PN extract. At the beginning period of storage, there were significant differences of microbial cell count in PCA and PDA among the samples, but a significant decreasing was observed after 6 days. In the relationship between sensory and mechanical properties, a negative correlation was observed between color and sleekness, while there was a positive correlation with redness and yellowness. Sensory evaluation showed that odor, taste, texture and overall acceptability were the best in noodles processed with 3% PN extract.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.688-695
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• 2012

The effect of soybean flour (0, 5, 10, and 15%) on the quality characteristics (moisture, color, water absorption, solid content, texture properties, and sensory properties) of Topokkidduk stored for two days was studied. The moisture content of Topokkidduk increased with increasing soybean flour concentration at all the storage times. The moisture contents of SF15 (soybean flour 15%) on storage days 0, 1, and 2 were 46.30, 46.30, and 45.00%, respectively. SF15 had the highest moisture content among all the samples. The color of Topokkidduk (L value) decreased whereas its a and b values significantly increased with increased soybean flour concentration (p<0.05). The cooking properties (e.g., water absorption and solid content) resulted from the opposite conditions. Thus, the water absorption decreased and the solid content increased with increasing soybean flour concentration. The texture analyzer revealed that the hardness, chewiness, and cohesiveness of Topokkidduk decreased and that its adhesiveness increased with soybean flour addition, but there were no significant differences in these according to the soybean powder concentration. The taste, flavor, color, hardness, springiness, and overall acceptability values of Topokkidduk containing SF5 (soybean flour 5%) after two storage days, obtained through a sensory test, were highest among all the samples. These results suggest that soybean flour may be utilized as a functional and valuable ingredient in Topokkidduk.