• Korea journal of population studies
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.83-112
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• 1998

The unemployment rate in Korea increased sharply since the deep economic depression. The rapid increase of unemployment rate is attributed, in part, to economic shock, but more basically to the structural problem of labor market. Moreover over 2-3 years later, the labor market perspective looks dismal. To overcome the labor market crisis, the fundamental reforms aimed at improving the labor market function is required. Thus the focus of policy should shift from reducing unemployment to increasing employment.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.47-96
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• 1997

실업률은 실업의 빈도와 실업기간의 복합체로 결정된다. 따라서 동일한 실업률하에서도 다수의 실업자가 단기실업을 경험할 수 있는 반면, 소수의 실업자가 장기의 실업을 경험할 수도 있다. 실업의 경제비용이란 측면에서 볼 때, 전자의 실업은 부문별 수요변화에 따라 신속한 인력 재배치가 진행됨을 의미하는 반면, 후자의 실업은 구조적인 인력 수급 불균형을 반영하고 있어 높은 경제비용을 수반할 가능성이 높다. 본 논문은 우리나라의 경우 실업률의 지속적인 하락에도 불구하고 1990년대에 들어 실업기간이 장기화되고 있음을 보이고 있다. 이러한 실업 장기화 현상은 노동공급 측면에서 비교적 경제활동이 낮았던 저학력 및 청년, 그리고 여성 근로자층의 구직활동이 적극화된 점과, 노동수요 측면에서는 수요의 고학력화에 따른 장년층 및 저학력 실업자의 구직난을 반영하고 있는 것으로 평가된다. 이러한 결과는 현 경제위기에서 많은 장기실업자가 발생할 가능성이 높음을 시사하고 있어 실직자 지원의 효율적 확대와 직업훈련 효율성 제고의 필요성이 높다고 사료된다.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.94-110
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• 2008

This study examines the unemployment and labor market demand dynamics as well as their implication for social exclusion in the metropolitan areas of Korea since the financial crisis of 1997. The unemployment research containing significant implication for social exclusion is a key area to be explored with the research of skill and income polarization due to structural economic transformation. Skill polarization usually results in the job loss for some people, which most likely leads to the economic deprivation and social exclusion. The unemployment rate and its regional disparity began to fall since 2000, but the disparity reversed to increase after 2005. The labor market dynamics of the metropolitan areas are turned out to be related with the size of the city and the relative shares of both manufacturing and service sectors. In addition, the employment growth is turned out to be related with the changes of both output and productivity. It is also found that the unemployment is affected with the job change and the tertiarization of the economy. However, it is of more significance to recognize that the dynamics and patterns of the labor market in the metropolitan areas are quite spatially differentiated and the differentiation is likely determined by the factors such as industrial structure, employment dynamics and job demand changes.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.1-16
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• 2001

This paper is to examine the trends and structures of unemployment as well as its spatial patterns in Germany. Germany once achieved a well-developed employment system and full employment. Since 1970, however, unemployment has been one of the major issues in Germany. During the last three decades the unemployment rate has risen to unprecedented levels and stayed high. After the German unification, especially, labor market is characterized by the mass unemployment and the structural selective process of unemployment to be imposed on German workers. And regarding to the spatial patterns of massive unemployment, this study shows critical disparities between South and North Germany being overlapped with new disparities between East and West Germany. We can explain the regional differentiation of unemployment on the base of typical mismatch of labour market allocation. It is also shown that massive unemployment is related not only to policy shifts in labor market but also to structural transformation after the unification.

• Journal of the Korean Regional Science Association
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.3-17
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• 2023

This study aims to comprehensively assess the phenomenon of structural unemployment, with a specific emphasis on unemployment resulting from spatial mismatch, while also exploring potential solutions. Spatial mismatch unemployment presents a unique challenge distinct from unemployment stemming from demand deficient, thus requiring a more multifaceted approach beyond the efforts of individual businesses and national economic recovery policy. To underscore the importance of addressing spatial mismatch, this research seeks to quantify its contribution to overall unemployment. Additionally, we evaluate the effectiveness of local labor markets, a prominent mechanism for alleviating spatial mismatch, categorized by occupation, to assess their effectiveness for addressing this issue. Through this analysis, our study advocates for the development of comprehensive policies within the realm of job-related initiatives, including spatial alignment through inter-regional collaborations, in conjunction with region-specific policies and strategies for job creation.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.201-210
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• 2008

The government employment statistics show the close comovement of the whole domestic unemployment rate with the youth unemployment rate for the past 10 years, implying the dominant influence of the unemployment of the youth age. This study investigates the structure of the short-run variation and the process of the long-run adjustment in the unemployment rates of the youth and middle ages by formulating the dynamic equation system. The estimation result consistently reflects the vulnerability of the youth class in the aggravation of the employment condition. The effect of exogenous changes is found to be persistent in the unemployment rates of both ages, which appear to have similar structures of the long-run time path. However, the youth unemployment rate turns out to have a relatively long adjustment process to the long-run equilibrium.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.1043-1051
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• 2013

We use a structural vector error correction model of the labor market to investigate the effect of shocks to Korean unemployment. We associate technology, labor demand, labor supply, and wage-setting shocks with equations for productivity, employment, unemployment, and real wages, respectively. Subsequently, labor demand and supply shocks have significant long-run and contemporaneous effects on unemployment, respectively.

• Journal of Labour Economics
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.1-29
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• 1999

한국은 지난 1960년대 이후 실업률이 추세적으로 하락하여왔기 때문에 실업구조, 직업탐색에 대한 관심이 비교적 적었으나 최근의 고 실업률은 이에 대한 연구의 필요성을 제고시키고 있다. 기존의 연구들은 저 실업률 시기의 자료를 사용한 것이므로 1998년의 고 실업률 자료를 활용한 연구는 다른 연구결과를 가져올 것이다. 이 글은 고 실업률 시기로 진입한 지 1년이 되는 98년 11월말 광주광역시에서 실시된 상시고 실직자에 대한 설문조사자료를 이용하여 고 실업률 시기의 실직자의 직업탐색과 실업기간을 분석하였다. 본 연구결과는 기존의 연구결과와 많은 부분에서 일치하지만 한국에서 대량실업은 처음 겪는 상황이므로 이전의 연구결과와 다르거나 새로 확인된 사실들도 몇 가지 있다. 연구결과를 요약 정리하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 비자발적 이유에 의한 실직자가 약 70%를 차지하고 구인배율이 아주 낮아 최근의 실업은 수요부족에서 발생한 것이라고 할 수 있다. 따라서 임금을 낮추고 희망하지 않는 직종 산업 종사상 지위로 하향 구직을 하고 있었다. 둘째, 고실업률이 장기화되면서 나타난 현상으로는 구직경로가 다양해졌고, 유보 임금 및 수락임금이 전직임금보다 약 20% 하락함으로써 임금이 신축적임을 보여 주었다. 그러나 고실업 사태를 급작스럽게 맞이하면서 이전임금에 대한 집착이 강하여 하락폭은 충분히 신축적이었다고 보기는 어렵다. 셋째, 실업보험수급자는 유보임금 하락률이 높았고 실업 탈출률도 높았다. 이것은 직업탐색이론과 상반된 결과로 노동수요부족사태를 처음 겪으면서 노동시장에 대한 정보가 모든 실업자에게 동일하지 않고, 실업보험수급자가 보다 완전한 정보를 가지고 있으며, 실업보험지급에 따른 구직독려 때문인 것으로 생각된다. 넷째, 기존 연구들과 마찬가지로 유보임금은 전직 임금에 크게 의존하였으며 실업기간에 대한 해자드 분석에 의하면 유보임금의 대리변수인 전직임금이 낮을수록, 구직을 적극적으로 할수록 탈출률일 높았다. 인적속성으로는 인적자본축적이 많고 다양한 취업정보를 접할 수 있는 고학력자의 탈출률이 높았다. 다른 나라에 대한 기존 연구의 근속기간이 긴 남성 실업자는 실업기간이 길었지만 여기서는 반대의 결과가 나왔다. 그것은 기업의 도산 등에 따른 실직자의 경우 유용한 인적자본 보유자가 많고 축적된 자산으로 자영업으로 탈출할 확률이 높기 때문인 것으로 해석된다.

• Journal of Labour Economics
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.1-25
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• 2000

This paper investigates why is the unemployment outflow rate into employment so high and why do the precarious workers have short unemployment spell after the economic crisis. Using the matched panel data of the Economically Active Population Survey. This paper points out that, in spite of the fact that most spells of unemployment are quite short, a very substantial portion of the unemployed experiences multiple unemployment spells over a period of time. Also recurrent unemployment leads to very long total durations of unemployment. This evidence implies recurrent unemployment is as important as long-term unemployment under the poor social safety net system.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.3-62
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• 2004

This paper estimates Korea's natural rate of unemployment using various estimation methods such as pure time-series methods, reduced-form methods, and structural form methods, with discussion about relative advantages and disadvantages of each estimation method. This paper also provides the confidence interval of the estimated natural rate of unemployment by the Monte Carlo integration method. Though multivariate unobserved component model exhibits better performance in many aspects than other estimation methods, awareness should be raised for a potential misspecification problem of a multivariate unobserved component model. Considering that each method has its own advantages and disadvantages, it is recommended to make an inference on the natural rate of unemployment based on common results among various methods. Korea's natural rate of unemployment was estimated to be around 3.8~4.0% on average in the period of 1979:I~1987:IV, and to decline to 2.5~2.9% in the period of 1988:I~1997:IV. During the Asian crisis, it is estimated to peak at near 4.8% and to have been on a downward trend since then.