• The Journal of Korea Institute of Information, Electronics, and Communication Technology
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.340-345
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• 2018

The Compared to general sentences, the Equation uses a complex structure and various characters and symbols, so that it is not possible to input all the character sets by simply inputting a keyboard. Therefore, the editor is implemented in a text editor such as Hangul or Word. In order to express the Equation properly, it is necessary to have the learner information which can be meaningful to interpret the syntax. Even if a character is input, it can be represented by another expression depending on the relationship between the size and the position. In other words, the form of the expression is expressed as a tree model considering the relationship between characters and symbols such as the position and size to be expressed. As a field of character recognition application, a technique of recognizing characters or symbols(code) has been widely known, but a method of inputting and interpreting a Equation requires a more complicated analysis process than a general text. In this paper, we have implemented a Equation recognizer that recognizes characters in expressions and quickly analyzes the position and size of expressions.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.439-444
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• 2021

This study investigates the relationship between syntactic complexity and English proficiency for Korean college students, using the recently developed TAASSC(the Tool for the Automatic Analysis of Syntactic Sophistication and Complexity) program. Essays on the ICNALE(International Corpus Network of Asian Learners of English) corpus were employed and phrasal complexity indices and clausal complexity indices, respectively were used to predict English proficiency level for Korean students. Results of stepwise regression analysis showed that indices of phrasal complexity explained 8% of variance in English proficiency, while indices of clausal complexity accounted for approximately 11%. That is, indices of clausal complexity were slightly better predictors of English proficiency than indices of phrasal complexity, which contradicts Biber et at.(2011)'s claim that phrasal complexity is the hallmark of writing development.

• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.114-129
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• 2006

Ontology mapping is the task of finding semantic correspondences between two ontologies. In order to improve the effectiveness of ontology mapping, we need to consider the characteristics and constraints of data models used for implementing ontologies. Earlier research on ontology mapping, however, has proven to be inefficient because the approach should transform input ontologies into graphs and take into account all the nodes and edges of the graphs, which ended up requiring a great amount of processing time. In this paper, we propose a multi-strategic mapping approach to find correspondences between ontologies based on the syntactic or semantic characteristics and constraints of the topic maps. Our multi-strategic mapping approach includes a topic name-based mapping, a topic property-based mapping, a hierarchy-based mapping, and an association-based mapping approach. And it also uses a hybrid method in which a combined similarity is derived from the results of individual mapping approaches. In addition, we don't need to generate a cross-pair of all topics from the ontologies because unmatched pairs of topics can be removed by characteristics and constraints of the topic maps. For our experiments, we used oriental philosophy ontologies, western philosophy ontologies, Yahoo western philosophy dictionary, and Yahoo german literature dictionary as input ontologies. Our experiments show that the automatically generated mapping results conform to the outputs generated manually by domain experts, which is very promising for further work.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.12
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• pp.32-41
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• 2017

This study examined the arrangement attribute of each component based on the relationship among the components using space syntax at the entire complex level when analyzing the outdoor space of an apartment complex in Cheonan and as a preliminary study. The accessibility change in the access space to each space and to the facilities were examined based on a resident walking in the perspective that the outdoor spaces of the apartment complex are one spatial structure connected together. The space was divided into a total of 5 periods and the access space to the facilities and spaces located in outdoor space of the apartment complex were established as the unit space. In this study, a total of 6 analysis items were established: main complex access space, main building access space, shopping mall within complex, control office/center for senior citizens, children's playground, and resident sports facilities. In the analysis, the following conclusion was obtained. First, the accessibility to the main complex access space was high over almost all periods and the main building access space generally showed low accessibility. Second, the shopping mall showed a tendency that the closer the period, the more the accessibility is increased. Third, the control office/center for senior citizens, which can be considered as a common resident space and the children's playground out of the resident sports facilities, showed an exceptional tendency, the integration order was constantly high without a large change by the period and the control office/center for senior citizens showed the tendency for a high integration order, indicating that it is planned mainly in a location with good accessibility.

• Journal of Elementary Mathematics Education in Korea
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.501-525
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• 2015

This study analyzes arithmetic word problem of multiplication and division in the mathematics textbooks and workbooks of 3rd grade in elementary school according to 2009 revised curriculum. And we analyzes type of the problem solving ability which 4th graders prefer in the course of arithmetic word problem solving and the problem solving ability as per the type in order to seek efficient teaching methods on arithmetic word problem solving of students. First, in the mathematics textbook and workbook of 3rd grade, arithmetic word problem of multiplication and division suggested various things such as thought opening, activities, finish, and let's check. As per the semantic element, multiplication was classified into 5 types of cumulated addition of same number, rate, comparison, arrayal and combination while division was classified into 2 types of division into equal parts and division by equal part. According to result of analysis, the type of cumulated addition of same number was the most one for multiplication while 2 types of division into equal parts and division by equal part were evenly spread in division. Second, according to 1st test result of arithmetic word problem solving ability in the element of arithmetic operation meaning, 4th grade showed type of cumulated addition of same number as the highest correct answer ratio for multiplication. As for division, 4th grade showed 90% correct answer ratio in 4 questionnaires out of 5 questionnaires. And 2nd test showed arithmetic word problem solving ability in the element of arithmetic operation construction, as for multiplication and division, correct answer ratio was higher in the case that 4th grade students did not know the result than the case they did not know changed amount or initial amount. This was because the case of asking the result was suggested in the mathematics textbook and workbook and therefore, it was difficult for students to understand such questions as changed amount or initial amount which they did not see frequently. Therefore, it is required for students to experience more varied types of problems so that they can more easily recognize problems seen from a textbook and then, improve their understanding of problems and problem solving ability.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.8 no.11
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• pp.412-425
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• 2008

One of the important elements for improving academic achievement of learners in education through e-learning is to support learners to study by finding questions they want with providing various evaluation questions. However, most of question retrieval systems usually depend on keyword search based on only a syntactical analysis and/or a hierarchical browsing system classified by the topics of subjects. In such a system it is not easy to find integrative questions associated with each other. In order to improve this problem, in this paper we proposed a question management and retrieval system which allows users to easily manage questions and also to effectively find questions for study on the Web. Then, we implemented a system that gives to access questions for the domain of C language programming. The system makes it possible to easily search questions related to not only a single theme but also questions integrated by interrelationship between topics and questions. This is done by supporting to be able to retrieve questions according to conceptual interrelationships between questions from user query. Consequently, it is expected that the proposed system will provide learners to understand the basic theories and the concepts of the subjects as well as to improve the ability of comprehensive knowledge utilization and problem-solving.

• Annual Conference on Human and Language Technology
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• 1999.10e
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• pp.257-264
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• 1999

자연언어 처리에 있어 문장의 성분 구조를 파악하는 통사적 해석에서는 애매성 있는 결과가 많이 생성된다. 한국어의 경우 어순 등의 통사적 특성뿐 아니라 상황과 의미, 문맥이 문장의 분석에 더 중요한 역할을 하기 때문에 문맥 자유 문법에 의한 접근 방법만으로는 중의적 구조의 해결이 어렵다. 이는 또한 의미 분석시 애매성을 증가시키는 원인이 된다. 이러한 통사적, 의미적 중의성 해결을 위해 용언 중심의 하위범주화 사전을 구축하였다. 본 논문에서는 용언에 따라 제한될 수 있는 하위범주 패턴을 정의하고 패턴에 따라 하위범주 사전을 구축하였다. 하위범주화 사전에는 명사의 시소러스와 정합하여 보어를 선택 제한(Selectional Restriction)할 수 있도록 용언과 명사와의 의미적 연어 관계에 따라 의미마커를 부여했다. 말뭉치를 통해 수집된 용언 12,000여개를 대상으로 25,000여개의 하위범주 패턴을 구축하였고 이렇게 구축한 하위범주화 사전이 120,000여 명사에 대한 의미를 갖고 있는 계층 시소러스 의미 사전과 연동하도록 하였다. 또한 논문에서 구현된 하위범주화 사전이 구문과 어휘의 중의성을 어느 정도 해소하는지 확인하기 위해 반자동적으로 의미 태깅(Sense Tagging)된 2만여 문장의 말뭉치를 통해 검증 작업을 수행하고, 의존관계와 어휘의 의미를 포함하고 있는 말뭉치에 하위범주 패턴이 어느정도 정합되는지를 분석하여, 하위범주 패턴과 말뭉치의 의존관계만 일치하는 경우와 어휘의 의미까지 일치하는 경우에 대해 평가한다. 이 과정에서 하위범주 패턴에 대한 빈도 정보나, 연어 정보를 수집하여 데이터베이스에 포함시키고, 각 의미역과 용언의 통계적 공기 정보 등을 추출하는 방법도 제시하고자 한다.을 입증하였다.적응에 문제점을 가지기도 하였다. 본 연구에서는 그 동안 계속되어 온 한글과 한잔의 사용에 관한 논쟁을 언어심리학적인 연구 방법을 통해 조사하였다. 즉, 글을 읽는 속도, 글의 의미를 얼마나 정확하게 이해했는지, 어느 것이 더 기억에 오래 남는지를 측정하여 어느 쪽의 입장이 옮은 지를 판단하는 것이다. 실험 결과는 문장을 읽는 시간에서는 한글 전용문인 경우에 월등히 빨랐다. 그러나. 내용에 대한 기억 검사에서는 국한 혼용 조건에서 더 우수하였다. 반면에, 이해력 검사에서는 천장 효과(Ceiling effect)로 두 조건간에 차이가 없었다. 따라서, 본 실험 결과에 따르면, 글의 읽기 속도가 중요한 문서에서는 한글 전용이 좋은 반면에 글의 내용 기억이 강조되는 경우에는 한자를 혼용하는 것이 더 효율적이다.이 높은 활성을 보였다. 7. 이상을 종합하여 볼 때 고구마 끝순에는 페놀화합물이 다량 함유되어 있어 높은 항산화 활성을 가지며, 아질산염소거능 및 ACE저해활성과 같은 생리적 효과도 높아 기능성 채소로 이용하기에 충분한 가치가 있다고 판단된다.등의 관련 질환의 예방, 치료용 의약품 개발과 기능성 식품에 효과적으로 이용될 수 있음을 시사한다.tall fescue 23%, Kentucky bluegrass 6%, perennial ryegrass 8%) 및 white clover 23%를 유지하였다. 이상의 결과를 종합할 때, 초종과 파종비율에 따른 혼파초지의 건물수량과 사료가치의 차이를 확인할 수 있었으며, 레드 클로버 + 혼파 초지가 건물수량과 사료가치를 높이는데 효과적이었다.\ell}$ 이었으며 , yeast extract 첨가(添加)하여 배양시(培養時)는 yeast extract

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.59-66
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• 2001

Objectives: This study examined the effect of mood and personality characteristics on psychophysiological responses measured by a biofeedback system in a normal population. Methods: Fifty healthy volunteers without any history of medical or psychiatric illnesses participated in this study. We measured the Spielberger trait anxiety inventory, Beck depression inventory, and Eysenck personality questionnaires in these subjects. Using the J & J biofeedback system, we also measured skin temperature, electrodermal response, forearm and frontal electromyography (EMG)s in 3 experimental conditions of baseline, stress, and recovery phases. Results: Trait anxiety did not show any significant correlation with psychophysiological responses except stress response in forearm EMG levels(r=0.282, p<0.05). Depressed mood was negatively correlated with forearm EMG levels in baseline (r=-0.299, p<0.05) and recovery phases(r=-0.314, p<0.05). Subjects with relatively high levels of depressed mood showed different stress and recovery responses in frontal EMG levels compared with those with relatively low levels of depressed mood (F=4.26, p<0.05). Extroverted subjects showed higher levels of forearm EMG than introverted ones in stress phase. Conclusion: Mood and personality characteristics in healthy subjects are closely related with psychophysiological responses measured by a biofeedback system. We suggest that mood and personality characteristics should be considered as important variables in analyzing abnormal psychophysiological responses in some psychiatric patients.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.203-210
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• 2012

Since a private museums started in Europe 17C, many private museums established for high-class people like aristocrats to collect and to keep art works and to appreciate for limited members. After the French Revolution in 18C, the publicity became an important social issue through all European regions, and the museum gradually changed into public ones. Like that, as the concept of museum changed, its social role as well as its function was also changed. The concept of collection and display or preservation changed into the concept of exhibition and appreciation featuring the publicity. With the year-round exhibition, a classical concept, the planned-exhibition, a new active concept set as an important factor for a museum's projects. The latter concept embraces new social issues. Therefore as the space for planned-exhibitions reflecting social issues every season was needed, a museum sets its planned-exhibition space with the changeability, and gradually expands this kind of space in size. It is expected that planned-exhibition spaces characterized as the changeability may give some changes on the flow of a museum's overall space, and may have substantial influences on the flow. To recognize the changes in a planned-exhibition space's influence on the museum, this study selected some national, public museums having the planned-exhibition space, and investigated their influences on each museum's overall space structure through the analysis on space syntax. This study assumed the change of planned-exhibition space as the changes in the number of convex spaces, and measured it. And to understand the planned-exhibition's changes on a museum's overall spaces, such changed assumed as the numeric changes in convex spaces and measured them. In addition, the numeric changes's influence on the overall space structure was analyzed by measuring the overall space's average integration level. Through the above two factors, the 3 research methodologies and analyzed results were drawn out.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.82-89
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• 2010

The studies published up to now, related to the correlation between spatial structure and visitors' behavior in a museum are rather relatively lacking when it comes to the in-depth consideration for the effect of the actual exhibition environment. So the main purpose of this study is to define the correlation between the light environment and the visitors' behavior. Towards this end, this study uses 'space syntax' to quantify the spatial structure with 'integration', 'connectivity' and 'control value'. Meanwhile, 'tracking score' and 'tracking frequency' were selected as the scope among the indices of behavior's analysis. The results of this study are as follows; First, integration and correlation of tracking score and tracking frequency are lowest when it comes to the extra large historical museums where the difference of intensity of illumination by each convex space. Meanwhile, the most considerable effect is exerted by control value. Compared to tracking score, tracking frequency is closely related to 'syntactic variables'. Second, visitors do not take the short cut the dark exhibition space even when very dark exhibition spaces continue after passing through relatively bright space. Analysis of visitors' behavior by control value in the exhibition space composed of this type of intensity of illumination environment is not valid. Third, visitors move to relatively brighter transitional space compared to the exhibition space with low intensity of illumination when passing through dark exhibition continually. Meanwhile, when visitors pass through the exhibition space there is some difference intensity of illumination they move to relatively dark exhibition center among the subsequent exhibition spaces. Accordingly, when the composition of exhibition space that continues onto the environment of low intensity of illumination is inevitable, differentiating intensity of illumination appropriately would be effective in inducing visit to the subsequent exhibition space.