• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.1009-1014
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• 2009

The Internet has changed the daily lives of human being in Korea and elsewhere in the world. It has changed the paradigms of traditional commercial activities and created immense opportunities for new business models. Recently, there has been much attention to the internet shopping mall as a means of commercial transaction. To make internet shopping mall competitive, effective customer satisfaction service should be provided and it is necessary to dynamic analysis method for customers' purchasing pattern. In this paper we apply the sequential analysis to comparison of two kinds of sales through the analysis of customers' purchasing pattern.

• Journal of Distribution Research
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.29-53
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• 2012

As so many marketers get to use diverse sales promotion methods, manufacturer and retailer in a channel often use them too. In this context, diverse issues on sales promotion management arise. One of them is the issue of unplanned buying. Consumers' unplanned buying is clearly better off for the retailer but not for manufacturer. This asymmetric influence of unplanned buying should be dealt with prudently because of its possibility of provocation of channel conflict. However, there have been scarce studies on the sales promotion management strategy considering the unplanned buying and its asymmetric effect on retailer and manufacturer. In this paper, we try to find a better way for a manufacturer in a channel to promote performance through the retailer's sales promotion efforts when there is potential of unplanned buying effect. We investigate via game-theoretic modeling what is the optimal cost sharing level between the manufacturer and retailer when there is unplanned buying effect. We investigated following issues about the topic as follows: (1) What structure of cost sharing mechanism should the manufacturer and retailer in a channel choose when unplanned buying effect is strong (or weak)? (2) How much payoff could the manufacturer and retailer in a channel get when unplanned buying effect is strong (or weak)? We focus on the impact of unplanned buying effect on the optimal cost sharing mechanism for sales promotions between a manufacturer and a retailer in a same channel. So we consider two players in the game, a manufacturer and a retailer who are interacting in a same distribution channel. The model is of complete information game type. In the model, the manufacturer is the Stackelberg leader and the retailer is the follower. Variables in the model are as following table. Manufacturer's objective function in the basic game is as follows: ${\Pi}={\Pi}_1+{\Pi}_2$, where, ${\Pi}_1=w_1(1+L-p_1)-{\psi}^2$, ${\Pi}_2=w_2(1-{\epsilon}L-p_2)$. And retailer's is as follows: ${\pi}={\pi}_1+{\pi}_2$, where, ${\pi}_1=(p_1-w_1)(1+L-p_1)-L(L-{\psi})+p_u(b+L-p_u)$, ${\pi}_2=(p_2-w_2)(1-{\epsilon}L-p_2)$. The model is of four stages in two periods. Stages of the game are as follows. (Stage 1) Manufacturer sets wholesale price of the first period($w_1$) and cost sharing level of channel sales promotion(${\Psi}$). (Stage 2) Retailer sets retail price of the focal brand($p_1$), the unplanned buying item($p_u$), and sales promotion level(L). (Stage 3) Manufacturer sets wholesale price of the second period($w_2$). (Stage 4) Retailer sets retail price of the second period($p_2$). Since the model is a kind of dynamic games, we try to find a subgame perfect equilibrium to derive some theoretical and managerial implications. In order to obtain the subgame perfect equilibrium, we use the backward induction method. In using backward induction approach, we solve the problems backward from stage 4 to stage 1. By completely knowing follower's optimal reaction to the leader's potential actions, we can fold the game tree backward. Equilibrium of each variable in the basic game is as following table. We conducted more analysis of additional game about diverse cost level of manufacturer. Manufacturer's objective function in the additional game is same with that of the basic game as follows: ${\Pi}={\Pi}_1+{\Pi}_2$, where, ${\Pi}_1=w_1(1+L-p_1)-{\psi}^2$, ${\Pi}_2=w_2(1-{\epsilon}L-p_2)$. But retailer's objective function is different from that of the basic game as follows: ${\pi}={\pi}_1+{\pi}_2$, where, ${\pi}_1=(p_1-w_1)(1+L-p_1)-L(L-{\psi})+(p_u-c)(b+L-p_u)$, ${\pi}_2=(p_2-w_2)(1-{\epsilon}L-p_2)$. Equilibrium of each variable in this additional game is as following table. Major findings of the current study are as follows: (1) As the unplanned buying effect gets stronger, manufacturer and retailer had better increase the cost for sales promotion. (2) As the unplanned buying effect gets stronger, manufacturer had better decrease the cost sharing portion of total cost for sales promotion. (3) Manufacturer's profit is increasing function of the unplanned buying effect. (4) All results of (1),(2),(3) are alleviated by the increase of retailer's procurement cost to acquire unplanned buying items. The authors discuss the implications of those results for the marketers in manufacturers or retailers. The current study firstly suggests some managerial implications for the manufacturer how to share the sales promotion cost with the retailer in a channel to the high or low level of the consumers' unplanned buying potential.

• Journal of Service Research and Studies
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.29-37
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• 2012

Recently, the market size of hypermarkets in the domestic retail market accounts for a high percentage. The domestic retail market after the opening of the market for the past 1996 and grow to the spread of hypermarkets. However, events such as tasting events were increased due to intense competition among business condition as to attract more customers beyond price competition. Under these circumstances, it is important to examine the relationship of the factors associated with tasting events on consumer buying behavior. The impact on consumer buying behavior in order to verify factors tasting event by setting product standards study the relationship between variables was set up as a model. As result, only one came out significantly to pay the hypothesis of various products depending on the origin of the factors that increase the amount available. This is seen as a supermarket tasting event at the origin of products, and transparency, but also for recently imported foods for consumers who have negative thoughts, mainly domestic product tasting events Mart's sales continue to increase to attract more customers shall be deemed to be one way.

• Journal of Cadastre & Land InformatiX
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• v.52 no.2
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• pp.121-135
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• 2022

The purpose of this study is to explore the convergence sector of the spatial information industry based on the business transaction data of spatial information companies and to predict the market size of the industry using the Seemingly Unrelated Regression(SUR) model. The convergence part of spatial information industry, which cannot be identified in the Spatial Data Industry Survey, was analyzed by exploring keywords related to spatial information using the business DB of Korea Enterprise Data (2010-2019). The convergence of spatial information businesses mainly appeared in the business relationship between the value chain between Seoul and Gyeonggi Province. The convergence business has the largest sales in the value chain 2 (utilization, service) & 3 (convergence), and also the convergence in the value chain 1 (production, construction) & 2, 2 & 3 stages has doubled in 2019 compared to 2010. In 2019, the total sales of the spatial information industry based on the Statistical Korea were announced at about 8 trillion won, but in this study, the total sales of the spatial information industry were estimated at 28 trillion won considering convergence activities. Finally, when scenario 1 (0.38% population growth, 2020-2024) and 0.07% (2026-2030) were applied using the SUR model to predict the expected market size of the industry, sales decreased by -0.37% to 0.069% in 2025 and 2030 by respectively. When scenario 2 (average wage growth 1.2%) was applied during the same period, sales in the industry increased by 2.326% to 12.185%. In other words, the sales in the spatial information industry depends on Labor, Total Factor Productivity, and Capital Productivity so it is necessary to additional research on policy development and alternatives of enhancing each productivity.

• Korea Trade Review
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.43-68
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• 2023

In this study, in relation to "Chapter 3 Support for Priority Purchase of Technology Development Products" of the 「Market Channel Support Act」, this study investigated the positive growth impact of technology development products subject to preferential purchase on small and medium sized enterprises. The data used for empirical verification is for 371 companies that obtained certification for technology development products subject to preferential purchase in 2016 and Data from SMEs were collected from 2017 to 2021, Sales, operating profit, and net profit was identified, and empirical verification. And conducted through statistical analysis to determine whether it had a positive effect on the growth factors of SMEs. In addition, data from 225 technology development product certification companies were collected, and empirical testing was conducted through t-test analysis on the change in growth factors before and after acquiring certification. As a result of statistical analysis, it was found that the total assets, certified sales, operating profit, and net profit, which are the growth factors of a company, are all positively affected according to the type of technology development product certification. However, in the case of authentication types, some authentications showed significant negative results. In addition, significant results were derived that after acquiring certification had a positive effect on growth factors than before acquiring certification. Consistent with this conclusion, I think that it is effective for technology development-based SMEs to enter the public procurement market and utilize the technology development product priority purchase policy for market exploitation and corporate growth. And the government should strengthen the market support policy to create demand so that SMEs can enter the procurement market and actively utilize the preferential purchase system, and come up with an improvement plan so that public institutions can actively utilize the preferential purchase system.

• Land and Housing Review
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.1-20
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• 2022

This study analyses how much Korean visits to North Korea have an impact on the North Korean regional economy. It estimates the demand for North Korean tourism via the borders of North Korea, China, and Russia and South Korean expenses to be spent in North Korea. When asked if they are willing to visit North Korea within the next five years in case the pre-conditions of the visit to North Korea are satisfied, approximately 64.1% of the survey respondents indicated 'yes'. To estimate the demand, this research employed the analysis of purchase intention, popular in marketing, based on their willingness to visit. The annual demand for tourism was 4,136,361 persons. The average estimated expense per person is KRW 1,532,000 and the total annual expense is KRW 6,336.9 billion. Assuming that airfare is excluded from the total expense and the expense is made evenly in each tourist destination, the estimated amount to be spent in North Korea is KRW 2,838.7 billion per annum. The backward linkage effect of this expense on the North Korean regional economy is KRW 7,972.1 billion in total production inducement, KRW 2,619.4 billion in value-added inducement, and approximately 2,890,443 persons in employment inducement. The value-added inducement effect is estimated to be approximately 7.6% of the North Korean nominal GDP in 2020. South Korean tourism is expected to have a significant impact on the North Korean economy. As the demand for North Korean tourism is likely to increase steadily due to the expected increase in overseas travel demand by Koreans, inter-Korean cooperation is needed for the development of North Korean tourism infrastructure if conditions improve.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2015.07a
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• pp.477-478
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• 2015

전기차는 운송 부문의 온실가스 배출 감축 수단으로 상당한 주목을 받고 있다. 전기차의 사용을 장려하기 위해, 다수의 국가에서는 전기차 충전기 보급사업과 함께 전기차 구매자에게 상당액의 보조금을 지급하고 있다. 전력 시스템의 관점에서 볼 때, 계통에 연계된 전기차는 그 충전전력을 신속하게 감소시킬 수 있어, 충분한 통신 인프라가 구축된다면 고품질의 수요반응자원으로 활용이 가능하다. 이러한 가능성은 전기차 충전서비스사업자에게 전력시장에서 잠재적 수익을 기대하게 한다. 본 논문은 보조 서비스 및 시장 수요 반응 시장에서 전기차의 시장참여가 가능할 때, 전기차의 경제성을 극대화 할수 있는 스마트 충전 스케줄링 방법을 제안하고자 한다.

• Proceedings of the CALSEC Conference
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• 2003.09a
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• pp.307-312
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• 2003

업계의 배경 ■ 주 5일제 근무를 맞이한 레저와 여행산업의 시장규모 증가 ■ 2002년 이후 항공권, 호털 등을 포함한 여행상품이 정자상거래 분야에서 가장 높은 매출액을 올릴 것이라고 전망했다. (eMarketer 2002/03) ■ Biz여행 예약도 6개월 동안 2배규모로 성장 (Greenfield Online (2000/5/28)) ■ 1999년 현재 온라인 여행시장에서 항공 여행의 비중은 80％ → 2003년에는 60％ (렌터카, 호텔 예약의 비중이 높아짐) (Jupiter Communication (1999/5/17)) ■ 3/4의 인터넷 사용자가 시간표, 비행편, 가격, special deal을 탐색하기 위해 방문, 70％의 응답자가 좀더 시스템이 유연해진다면, 온라인 구매 의도 있다고 응답(가능한 여앵편, 좌석 선정 가능, 비행시의 특식 등의 욕구) (Gartner Group (2000/1/7)) ■ 75％의 응답자가 오프라인보다 온라인에서의 여행 브랜드가 중요하다고 응답함, Travel Industry Association of America (98. 99년 자료) ■ 개별여행자 (F.I.T)의 급증과 온라인을 통한 예약이 증가 (관광정보 연구원, 2002)(중략)

• Annual Conference of KIPS
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• 2017.11a
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• pp.1127-1129
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• 2017

상품의 매출은 진열 환경에 크게 영향을 받기 때문에 백화점을 비롯한 각급 매장에서는 다양한 연구를 진행하고 있다. 특히 조명에 따라 의류나 가구는 물론이고 과일을 비롯한 식료품의 매출액도 많은 영향을 받는 것으로 알려져 있다. 이에 따라 어떤 색상의 배경이나 조명이 소비자의 주목을 끌고 호감을 줄 수 있는지에 대한 연구들이 디자인 학자들을 중심으로 이루어지고 있으나, 실제 매장에서는 상품 색상에 맞춰 배경이나 조명을 변경하는 것이 거의 불가능한 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 상품 색상별로 소비자의 주목을 끌고 호감을 이끌어내서 상품 구매로 이어질 수 있는 IoT 기반의 스마트 LED 조명 시스템을 아두이노 보드를 이용하여 구현하고자 한다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.408-420
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• 2011

This study identifies the fashion luxury customer segments grouped by expenditures and the number of purchasing brands to verify the effects of perceived luxury consumption values on the intention to maintain a brand relationship for each group. A survey questionnaire was developed and implemented to collect data to measure fashion luxury expenditures, number of purchasing brands, luxury customer values, intention to maintain brand relationships, and demographic variables. A total of 326 responses were analyzed by factor analysis, multiple regression, one-way ANOVA, and $X^2$ analysis with SPSS18.0. Respondents were grouped by luxury expenditures; in addition, the number of purchasing brands were grouped into four segments of Switching/Heavy (31.6%), Switching/Light (19.9%), Loyal/Heavy (31.3%), and Loyal/Light (7.2%) Customer Group, that was different in terms of age and marital status. When the luxury customer value for the most patronized luxury brand was factor analyzed, five distinctive sub dimensions were identified, such as Social Value, Aesthetic/Expressive Value, Experiential Value, Quality Value, and Economic Value. For the Loyal/Heavy Group, the Experiential Value had a significant effect on the customer intention to maintain a brand relationship. For the Loyal/Light group, the Aesthetic /Expressive and Economic Value had a significant effect, and for the Switching/Heavy and Switching/Light Group, Quality and Economic Value had a significant effect on the customer intention to maintain a brand relationship. In conclusion, each luxury customer value in the behavioral segments works differently in influencing the intention to maintain a brand relationship. In addition, the implications for retail strategy were discussed based on the findings.