• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.183-187
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• 2008

The objective of this study was to assess the level of contamination of dental equipment surfaces by Staphylococcus aureus and to obtain basic information for the prevention against cross infection between students and outpatients. Human samples were collected by rubbing the oral cavity, anterior noses, and lip of students and outpatients with sterile cotton swabs. Environmental samples were collected from 11 sites at practical laboratory, 4 sites at seminar room, and 5 sites at sterilizing room before, during, and after clinical procedures. These samples were cultured on brain-heart infusion agar at $37^{\circ}C$ for 24 hours. Gram-stained and identified as S. aureus colonies were counted each period and these results were analyzed by t-test and ANOVA test. In human, oral cavity showed the greatest S. aureus counts and there were no statistically significant differences between students and outpatient. Practical laboratory revealed the greatest S. aureus among all environmental groups. The greatest number of S. aureus was observed during clinical procedures (P < 0.05) and light handles, chair head, and spittoon showed a high level of statistically significant differences. In conclusion, S. aureus was dispersed in human and dental clinical environment and increased their number during clinical procedures.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.39 no.1 s.115
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• pp.13-20
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• 2006

The changing patterns of water temperature and turbidity in streams entering Imha Reservoir were studied. The turbidity variation near the intake tower in Imha Reservoir was investigated in relation with the variation of water temperature and turbidity in streams. Water temperature was estimated using multi-regression method with air temperature and dew point as independent variables. Peak turbidity was also estimated using non-linear regression method with rainfall intensity as an independent variable. Although more independent variables representing watershed characteristics seem to be needed to increase estimation accuracies, the methodology used in this study can be applied to estimate water temperature and peak turbidity in other streams.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.25-39
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• 1990

The distributions of the temperature and salinity in Kamak bay which has two channels and three sea bottom topographic parts were studied by taking the detailed hydrographic data at the ebb and flood during four seasons from May, 1988 to Feb., 1989. The general pattern of the distributions of characteristics which the temperature and salinity has in Kamak bay is basically formed by the topography and sea water movement of the bay. The changes of these distributions by seasons mainly come from the heating and cooling of the sea surface and the increase of the run-off. The bay has three remarkable water masses and the their general characteristics are follows: the inner bay water has a stagnation character influenced by the inland and the concave of the sea bottom in the north west, Yosu harbor water has an estuary character of the low salinity caused by the run-off of Somjin river and Yon Tung brooklet in the north east, and the outer bay water has an out-sea character, as it is located near by the big mouth in the south of the bay. The distributions of those water masses at the ebb and flood show some different features due to the flow patterns, and the daily changes of oceanic conditions at the vicinity of Hangdae-ri are so big that it may influence the habitation and production of the living things in the bay.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.48-53
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• 2011

Purpose : Early diagnosis of active tuberculosis (TB) in children is difficult. The widely used tuberculin skin test has low sensitivity and cross reactivity with non-tuberculous mycobacteria or Bacille Calmette-Gu$\acute{e}$rin vaccination. Interferon gamma release assays have been shown good diagnostic accuracy for active in adults. But studies in children were limited. The purpose of this study was to examine the performance of enzyme-linked immunospot assay (ELISpot) as an initial test in the diagnosis of active tuberculosis in children. Methods : In a hospital-based study, we prospectively examined the performance of ELISPot in 33 children suspected of active TB. TB was confirmed bacteriologically or histologically. Results : Among 33 patients, 9 had active tuberculosis. When tested, they all had a positive test result from the ELISpot. The sensitivity and specificity of the assay were 100% (95% CI, 66.4-100%) and 95.8% (95% CI, 78.9-99.9%) respectively. Conclusion : ELISpot might be an useful and improved clinical diagnostic method for the detection of active TB in children.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.541-548
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• 2013

Purpose: Marrow stromal cells (MSCs) have been known for their potential to trans-differentiate into neural and glial cells in vitro and in vivo. To investigate the influence of the developing host environment on the survival and morphological and molecular differentiation, murine MSCs transplanted into the eye of Brazilian opossum (Monodelphis domestica). Methods: Enhanced green fluorescent protein (GFP) - expressing MSCs were transplanted into developing Brazilian opossums. Animals were allowed to survive for up to 4 weeks after transplantation, at which time the eyes were prepared for immunohistochemical analysis. Results: Some transplanted MSCs survived and showed morphological differentiation into neural cells with some processes within the host vitreous chamber. Some transplanted cells expressed class III ${\beta}$-tubulin (TuJ1, a marker for neuronal cells) or glial fibrillary acid protein (GFAP, a marker for glial cells) or Nestin (a marker for neural stem cells). In addition, some transplanted cells were located in ganglion cell layer but did not show morphological and molecular differentiation. Conclusions: Our result show that the most effective stage of development for transplantation into the retina was postnatal day 16, which retinas developmentally corresponded to postnatal day 4-5 days mouse retina based on cell differentiation and lamination patterns. The present findings suggest that the age of the host appears to play a key role in determining cell fate in vivo.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.539-547
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• 2008

Apert syndrome is an autosomal dominant condition characterized by craniosynostosis, midface hypoplasia, and syndactyly of the hands and feet. It occurs in about 1 of every 65,000 to 160,000 births and is caused by a mutation in the fibroblast growth factor receptor 2(FGFR2) gene. Apert syndrome typically produces acrobrachycephaly(tower skull). The occiput is flattened, and there is a tall appearance to the fore head. Ocular proptosis is a characteristic finding, along with hypertelorism and downward slanting lateral palpebral fissures. The middle third of the face is markedly retruded and hypoplastic, resulting in a relative mandibular prognathism. The reduced size of the nasopharynx and narrowing of the posterior choana can lead to mouth breathing, contributing to an open-mouth apprance. Three fourths of all patients exhibit either a cleft of the soft palate or a bifid uvula. The maxillary hypoplasia leads to a V-shaped arch and crowding of the teeth. A 6-year-old male patient visited to the Department of Pediatric dentistry, Kangnung National University of Dental Hospital. He visited the hospital to get treatment of carious teeth. The purpose of this report is to present a specific dental manifestations about the apert syndrome.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.45
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• pp.345-366
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• 2016

In Charlotte's Web, each character motivates the other and strives for the new generation based upon motherhood. The intersection between life and death is directly and symbolically addressed as a component of the natural life cycle. Borrowing Kristeva's theory of the semiotic, the symbolic and the chora, this study investigates the dialectical oscillation between the semiotic and the symbolic and the social circumstances of subjects in signification as well as highlights the features of character growth. From a feminist perspective, herein, motherhood is translated not only as a robust foundation for relations among characters but also as an impetus for developing into a good and influential individual who embraces all organisms with care and consideration. Charlotte's Web clearly shows how the semiotic and symbolic elements of each being, united by motherhood, interact and lead to positive change. Though the world appears to consist of incompatible ingredients, they are combined. Charlotte's Web awakens the fact that their harmony makes a commitment to building a more wonderful place. It can be suggested that Charlotte's Web, where animal characters contain two tendencies of the human mind, exhibits human development proceedings.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.24 no.4 s.36
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• pp.516-530
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• 1991

A case-control study was conducted to investigate the effect of low-level blood lead on the blood pressure. The plasma renin activity(PRA) was measured also to investigate one of the possible mechanisms by which lead nay play a role to influence on the blood pressure. Seventy-two hypertensive and sixty -nine control study subjects were selected from the workers who had no history of b-related lead exposure, in Ulsan city and it's vicinity, Korea. In addition to measuring blood lead levels and PRA, body mass index(BMI), hematocrit, serum sodium, potassium, creatinine, ionized calcium, and cholesterol were measured. Also, the habits of smoking, alcohol drinking and family history of hypertension were checked. The blood lead level of the hypertensive group was $19.8{\pm}5.5{\mu}g/dl$, which was significantly higher than that of the control group, $12.5{\pm}4.7{\mu}g/dl$(p<0.01). On multiple logistic regression analysis, the odds ratio of blood lead level on the occurence of high blood pressure was 1.38, also statistically significant (p<0.01). There was no significant differences between the hypertensive and the control group in the PRA or In (PRA), but there was a marginally significant linear relationship between blood lead and PRA in the hypertensive group(p<0.1). In conclusion, blood lead level which has been known to be within normal limits may be one of the possible risk factors of hypertension and PRA alteration by lead may act as one of the mechanisms.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.239-244
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• 1988

In order to observe the antigenic fractions in saline extract of adult Paragonimus westermani, proteins in the crude extract were separated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacylamide gel electrophoresis(SDS.PAGE) in reducing conditions. The separated protein fractions were transferred to nitrocellulose paper on which 20 sera from human paragonimiasis were reacted and immunoblottrd. Out of 15 stained protein bands in SDS-PAGE, 7 reacted with infected sera while 8 did not. Additionally, 7 unstained protein bands in SDS-PAGE reacted with the sera. Of 14 reacted bands, 30 kilodalton(kDa) band was the most frequently reacted (95%) and was a strong antigen. Protein bands of 23 and 46 kDa were also strong antigens. Bands of over 150 kDa, 120 kDa, 92 kDa, 86 kDa, 74 kDa, 62 kDa, 51 kDa, 32 kDa, 28 kDa, 16.5 kDa and 15.5 kDa were also reactive but their frequencies of the reaction were variable. Key words: Paragonimus westermani, human paragonimiasis, antigenic proteins, SDS-PAGE/ immunoblot

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.355-366
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• 2013

Diverse scientific analyses, including microstructure, ICP-AES, SEM-EDS, and P-XRF(Bench Top type and Gun type), were carried out on 6 bronze artefacts which handed from generation to generation. Also, we attempted to study applicability for authenticity of the bronze artefacts using scientific analyses based on the specific element. The results of ICP-AES analysis showed that the bronze were formed from an alloy of Cu, Sn, Pb with trace elements such as Ag, As, Co, Fe, but there were not Zn found. The result of P-XRF are 10~25% lower in Cu and 10~20% higher in Sn than that of ICP-AES. This is because of destannification that the compound of $SnO_2$ are present on the surface. The results of SEM-EDS represented that there is lead segregation. It was difficult to study applicability for authenticity of bronze artefact according to the microstructures and chemical components of the bronze artefacts. Therefore, as bronze artefacts have shown different corrosion materials depending on the buried environment and conserving environment, identifying the authenticity would be possible on the basis of the additional researches on the corrosion and comparative research of ancient art.