• KLA journal
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.27-29
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• 1969

• KLA journal
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.22-25
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• 1969

• Journal of Korean Philosophical Society
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• v.126
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• pp.321-343
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• 2013

The Reformation seems to have nothing to do with modern philosophy, but in reality closely related to it. From a philosophical point of view, the Reformation had a profound effect on the formation of modern philosophy in two respects. Voluntarism, asserting the predominance of divine will over divine reason, which is the basic principle of the Reformation, allowed an arbitrary interpretation of the Bible by ignoring the tradition of the Church and emphasizing 'Sola Fide'. As a result, the severe religious disputes arose and the modern intellectuals sought a deism and natural religion as an universal religion which is expected to put an end to religious conflicts. Moreover, voluntarism changed the way of inquiring nature from the speculative to the experimental based on observation and experiment, and provided the clues of the birth of experimental philosophy (empiricism) which is the experimental inquiry of human nature. In short, the Reformation brings about the search for universal religion on the one hand, but on the other the advent of experimental philosophy. Universal religion is not a mystic religion on which the religious behaviors and practices are based but just a world view that is the basis for scientific inquiry, and it was nothing but a philosophy for science. And also the experimental philosophy was a philosophy by science in that it is a science of human nature through experiment and observation, After all, the Reformation expelled religion from the main living room of philosophy and placed science on the spot instead.

• Journal of the Daesoon Academy of Sciences
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• v.48
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• pp.269-303
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• 2024

Donghak's teaching, In-nae-cheon, means "humans are divine." It is said, "When humans were formed, God's blessing was required for their formation." Donghak's Sincerity, Respectfulness, and Faithfulness is based on believing in God, respecting God, and practicing His teachings with utmost sincerity. These are key to implementing In-nae-cheon. On the other hand, the Three Essential Attitudes in Daesoon Thought, also Sincerity, Respectfulness, and Faithfulness, appear in a religious sense. These can be distinguished from Sincerity, Respectfulness, and Faithfulness in the Donghak moral sense. Sincerity, Respectfulness, and Faithfulness in the context of the Three Essential Attitudes in Daesoon Thought goes beyond moral awareness, and calls for belief in God as the Absolute. Accordingly, Sincerity, Respectfulness, and Faithfulness in this context, that of Daesoon Thought, aims at the realization of an Earthly Paradise wherein God's will can be achieved. Humans participating in the construction of Earthly Paradise value the practice of Sincerity, Respectfulness, and Faithfulness. In Daesoon Thought, it is said that when one exerts sincerity, respect, and faith in God (Sangje), all the blessings and fortune of the Later World, even those of longevity, will be endowed through transformation via effortless action (無爲而化). Accordingly, Sincerity, Respectfulness, and Faithfulness in the context of the Three Essential Attitudes in Daesoon Thought is based on God's descent into the world and His Reordering Works of Heaven and Earth (天地公事). This is a religious faith that worships Sangje and is based on the doctrinal dimension of 'guarding against self-deception (毋自欺)' and the philosophical dimension of Sincerity, Respectfulness, and Faithfulness in the context of the Three Essential Attitudes in Daesoon Thought. Donghak's In-nae-cheon and the Three Essential Attitudes in Daesoon Thought can be compared and analyzed. Therefore, in order to clearly compare and analyze the moral significance of Donghak history and the religious meaning of Daesoon Thought, Roderick Ninian Smart's method of religious phenomenology can be actively used. In this way, the ethical and legal dimensions of Donghak's In-nae-cheon and the doctrinal and philosophical dimensions of the Three Essential Attitudes in Daesoon Thought can be compared and analyzed. From this style of research, it can be concluded that the realization of commonly shared spirituality can be an opportunity for greater human dignity.

• The Journal of Korean Philosophical History
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• no.59
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• pp.241-260
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• 2018

The purpose of this paper is to explore Buddhist interpretation of Jeong Mong-joo, a Confucian scholar of the late Goryeo Dynasty. Buddhism in the latter part of the Goryeo Dynasty was no longer able to exercise the social purity of the national spirit and culture. In this situation, Neo-Confucian was gradually accepted. Thus, a change of ideology was made from Buddhism to Confucianism. Jeong Mong-joo's academic world was based on the fundamental scriptures of Confucianism. Jeong Mong-joo was especially well versed on the Book of Changes in the fundamental scriptures of Confucianism. Jeong Mong-joo emphasized the Book of Changes as the basis of the Buddhist interpretation. Jeong Mong-joo met the doctrines through various Buddhist scriptures. He was interested in Buddhism. There were not a few meetings and social gatherings with Buddhist monks. For this reason, Jeong Mong-joo cannot ignore his connection with Buddhism. On the other hand, Jeong Mong-joo is characterized by his understanding of Buddhism and his critical consciousness as Confucianist.

• The Journal of Korean Philosophical History
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• no.29
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• pp.7-31
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• 2010

This paper seeks to illuminate the intellectual context of Giljae, who had carried out a unique life during the late Koryŏ and early Chosun period and left quite a significant imprint on the Chosun intellectual history. In the midst of the tumultuous political changes in the late Koryŏ, Giljae worried the fate of the declining Koryŏ dynasty after contemplating on the directions that Yi Sŏnggye had taken after the Wihwado Retreat and made it very clear that he would rather honor the integrity of Baekyi·Sukje(伯夷叔齊). The traces that Giljae had left in this period obtained its significance not just as a loyal integrity of a subject but as a paragon of life that lived up to the principles of the Confucius truth. To decline a prestigious position in the service of a king when it was offered is not just to buy the honor of integrity. It is an endeavor to live one's life right as to how one entered the world and retreated from it in accordance with the Confucius teachings. That many kings and scholars in the Chosun period placed Giljae highly in the intellectual history of Korean Confucianism in remembering his integrity is none other than the recognition of this fact.

• The Journal of Korean Philosophical History
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• no.42
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• pp.295-330
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• 2014

This article is to investigate into the philosophical background and the applicability of the humanities programmes effectively to practice them, not to educate the religious doctrines, based on the traditional-cultural resources in the education center affiliated with the religious institution. These humanities programmes can be understood on the lifelong education associated with a person. In the light of common curriculum practising in the existing education center, contents of those programmes are reviewed with classifying the humanities programmes into 3 parts, that is, eastern classical language education, eastern classical education, and eastern traditional prognosticating arts branching off from the eastern philosophy. Eastern classical language education indicates the classical Chinese characters and literatures in the context of our historical tradition. Eastern classical education implies the education which can acquire classical literatures in a modern way, as a accumulation of knowledges having been in charge of a person's lifelong education, and as a entity responsible for making a person to bring to maturity of his character by comprehending the life of human being and the world in pre-modern, Finally, the eastern philosophy is chosen for the reason that have the very interesting contents which can report facts that recover the integral relationship between nature and human being lacking in contemporaries, and instead of rejecting to interpret human being excessively in terms of materialism, is a significant one endowed with the mission which should develop his potentials through the his lifelong. Especially, eastern traditional prognosticating arts are selected that people has considered with them so kindly, and are the knowledges forming the cores of national culture. It may be a very important that attempts to develop the humanities programmes practising in the education center affiliated with the religious institution are not only the demands of the times in our days, but also a new teaching way replacing with old fashioned teachings.

• Journal of the Daesoon Academy of Sciences
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• v.24_1
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• pp.43-96
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• 2014

본 논문의 목적은 대순의 '제생의세'와 도교의 '제인도세(濟人度世)', '신국동치(身國同治)' 사상과의 연관성을 살펴보고, 그것의 현대적 의의를 밝히는데 있다. 특히 대순의 '제생의세' 사상은 중국 명나라시기 도사인 민일득(閔一得)이 저술한 『고서은루장서(古書隱樓藏書)』에 나오는 '즉신의세' 사상과 많은 유사점이 발견된다. 대순진리회 역시 도교와 마찬가지로 몸과 나라를 같이 다스리는 사상을 통해 내단 수련법을 제시하였으며, 내법(內法)을 외적으로 사용하는 방법을 통하여 제생의세의 목적을 달성하고자 하였다. 삼대목적을 실현하는 요결(要訣)을 보면, 그것은 곧 천지와 심신의 조화와 안정을 이루는 것이라는 것을 알 수 있다. 즉 대순사상은 도교의 '신국동치' 철학을 바탕으로 하고 있다. 또한 대순진리회와 민일득의 '신국동치' 사상의 이론적 배경에는 유불도 '삼교병용(三敎倂用)', '삼교동수(三敎同修)' 사상이 깃들어 있음을 볼 수 있다. 대순의 '제생의세' 사상과 도교의 '즉신의세' 사상은 모두 현실사회에서 자신의 몸을 잘 다스리는 것을 통하여 세상을 이롭게 한다는 교리를 담고 있다. 양자 모두 사회의 병폐를 충분히 인식한 후, 인간과 인간, 인간과 자연, 인간의 내면과 외면의 관계개선을 통하여 인간과 세상을 다스리려 하였다. 이러한 그들의 인간과 자연에 대한 견해는 매우 큰 특색이 있으며, 시대를 초월한 사상이라 할 수 있다. 21세기 과학기술이 고도로 발달한 현대사회에서, '의세(醫世)' 사상이 나타내는 인간에 대한 관심, 사회와 생태계에 대한 윤리의식은 중요한 시대적 가치를 지닌다. 이들은 사회의 발전에 적응하면서 시대적 요구에 맞춰 탄생된 종교사상이다. 이는 사회적 폐단을 해결하고 인간과 인간, 인간과 자연, 인간의 내면과 외면의 조화를 이루고자 하는 관점을 포함하고 있으므로 중요한 현실적 가치를 지니고 있다.

• The Journal of Korean Philosophical History
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• no.31
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• pp.375-406
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• 2011

The paper investigates the ideal image and the ideological tendency of the traditional intellectuals in the East Asian Societies by analyzing the religious thoughts of Donghak, Tenrikyo and the Society of God Worshippers, which were the representative religious bodies in Korea, Japan and China. In particular, this paper focuses on the founders' thoughts of the religious organizations, such as Choi Jewoo(崔濟愚, 1824-1864) of Donghak, Nakayama Miki(中山みき, 1798-1887) of Tenrikyo and Hong xiuquan(洪秀全, 1814-1864) of the Society of God Worshippers. The results obtained from the study are as follows:Choi Jewoo's father was a teacher in a rural village, and so Choi Jewoo also wanted to be a teacher. Afterward when he had religious experiences, in the trance state, he became a teacher. Consequently, his religious thoughts were based on the ideal teacher's stance. Nakayama Miki respected her father, who was a low-ranking warrior or bushi(武士). And when she experienced strange experiences, she became a high-ranking warrior or shogun(將軍). On this account, many of her religious thoughts were based on the ideal bushi's position. Hong xiuquan's father was a low-ranking local official, therefore Hong xiuquan wanted to be a high-ranking official since childhood. Later, he took the civil service examinations only to failed. And so when he had religious experiences, he became an official appointed by God. And his religious thoughts, in many cases, depended on the ideal official's stance.

• Journal of Christian Education in Korea
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• v.62
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• pp.43-74
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• 2020

This paper examines the epistemology of the body and the direction of Christian education based on it. Looking at Merleau-Ponty, Damagio, and Nelson's epistemology of the body, it found that they had a common point, even though they studied in different areas like philosophy, brain science, and body theology; the body is a subject that perceives the world in a sensuous and direct way, and is a channel that mediates humans and the world, and plays a decisive role in human self-formation. In particular, theology of body revealed, that the body is a pathway for our understanding of God just as a pathway for our understanding the world. In addition, theology of body revealed that the body is regarded as the place of 'embodiment of God', and in the end, the world in which our incarnated body participates should also become the place of 'God's incarnation'. It also examined Christian education based on the epistemology of the body, focusing on 'education starting from the senses', 'education as a participation', and 'incarnational education'. From these three concepts, it found that epistemology of body suggests an alternative view of traditional knowledge-based education or schooling education. It suggests an open paradigm centered on sense and experience, personal participation, non-verbal experience, and field of education, beyond a fixed and closed paradigm of doctrine-centered, objective knowledge mediation, language-centered, and content-centered. Furthermore, this paper found that the body is like a well that can pump up metaphors that provide a basic metaphor for re-conceptualizing Christian education.