• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.102 no.1
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• pp.97-106
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• 2013

The present study is aimed to evaluate forest health in a fragmented urban forest using characteristics of insect communities. Ants (Formicidae) and ground beetles (Carabidae) surveyed by pitfall trap method in the Hongneung forest located in the urban area of Seoul were compared with those in the Gwangneung forest. The Gwangneung forest is supposed to be health due to its high biodiversity and well-conserved nature. Ants of the Hongneung forest was much more abundant compared with those of the Gwangneung forest. However, ground beetles showed the opposite patterns; much more abundant in the Gwangneung forest than in the Hongneung forest. Species richness was higher in the Gwangneung forest than in the Hongneung forest, but species diversity was higher in the Hongneung forest. In the Hongneung forest, forest specialist species and generalist species were balanced, whereas few forest specialists dominated in the Gwangneung forest. This dominance decreased species diversity in those Gwangneung forest. Thus, characteristics of insect community in the Hongneung forest were greatly different with those in the Gwangneung forest.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.592-597
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• 2006

To understand the status of ferns' distribution of Gwangneung forest, flora survey was done during the period of April 2003 to November 2005. The results obtained from this study were as follows: Ferns identified and surveyed were 46 taxa including 9 families 17 genera 43 species 3 varieties were recorded in Gwangneung Forest. Hemicryrtophyte (H) was the most common dormancy from recorded in surveyed area. Epiphyte (E) and Hydatophyte (HH) were calculated as 4.3%, 2.2%, respectively and they were the lower value compared to those of other dormancy form. Consequently, $H-R_{3}-D_{1}-t$ was recorded as the most common life-form of ferns in Gwangneung Forest. Pteridophyta-Quotient (Ptph.-Q.) was calculated as 1.28 and it was the higher value compared to those of other neighboring mountains.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.110 no.4
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• pp.577-589
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• 2021

Soil seed bank community contributes to the long-term conservation of plant diversity and vegetation dynamics, and their decreasing diversity and density with soil depth provide critical perspectives (deterministic and stochastic) for understanding the community disassembly process. We analyzed changes in species composition and diversity and structuring patterns by soil layer (top and bottom), including surface vegetation, in Gwangneung Forest, a mature forest with a vegetation climate in the temperate central part of the Korean Peninsula. From two layers of soil collected with a vertical difference of 10 cm, 934 specimens of 27 families, 40 genera, 44 species, three varieties, and 47 taxa, germinated. Although species diversity and germination density decreased in most comparative characteristics, including growth type, there was no statistical significance due to large deviations. Within-group variability of species composition was similar in the upper and lower soils, as was the decline pattern in co-occurred species (ζ-diversity) and change in species retention probability. The structuring process of the community composition in the two soil layers was fitted with an exponential correlation rather than a power function, demonstrating the dominance of the stochastic process. The pattern in diversity and species turnover according to soil depth in Gwangneung Forest was discovered to be structured by stochastic random events, such as seed vertical movement rather than interaction with trait characteristics.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.508-519
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• 2017

There have been many studies on monitoring of biodiversity changes and preservation of Gwangneung Forest Biosphere Reserve (GFBR) in South Korea in recognition of the rare ecosystem that has been preserved for a long period. However, there are few studies on diversity and community characteristics of benthic macroinvertebrates as an indicator of stream health of GFBR. The purpose of this study was to assess the water quality of Bongseonsa Stream that penetrated through Gwangneung Forest and the nearby torrents by analyzing the benthic macroinvertebrates community during April to September 2016. The investigation collected a total of 114 species of benthic macroinvertebrates belonging to 56 families, 17 orders, 8 classes, and 5 phyla from the Bongseonsa Stream and Kwangneung Stream. Ephemeroptera and Trichoptera were the largest groups in species diversity with 30 species (32.3%) and 16 species (17.2%), respectively, and Tubificidae sp., Baetis fuscatus, Antocha KUa, and Cheumatopsyche brevilineata, which usually habit in contaminated streams, appeared frequently. Among the feeding function groups, the gatherers and hunters appeared relatively frequently, and the shredders and scrapers appeared frequently in the torrents. Among the habitat oriented groups, the clingers and burrower appeared more frequently and represented the microhabitats in the shallow areas. The result of the analysis of benthic macroinvertebrates community showed that the dominant index was $0.48{\pm}0.10$ in average while it was lowest with 0.33 in GS 8 of the Gwangneung Forest torrent and highest in BS 1 of Bongseonsa Stream. The diversity and richness indices were inversely proportional to the dominant index and were 2.53 and 4.22, respectively, in GS 8 where the dominant index was low. The result of the analysis of community stability showed that area I, which had high resistance and restoration, was high in Bongseonsa Stream while the area III, which had low resistance and restoration, was high in Gwangneung Forest, indicating that the water system in Gwangneung Forest had a wider distribution of specifies sensitive to agitation. The biological water quality assessment showed ESB of $50.88{\pm}17.69$, KSI of $1.11{\pm}0.57$, and BMI of $78.55{\pm}11.05$. GS 8 of Gwangneung Forest torrent was judged to be the highest priority protective water area with the best water environment and I class water quality with ESB of 63, KSI of 0.55, and BMI of 89.9. On the contrary, BS 1 of Bongseonsa Stream was judged to be the high priority improvement area that had the lowest water quality rating of III with ESB of 25, KSI of 2.13, and BMI of 62.7. Although the diversity of water beetle was higher in the water system of nearby Bongseonsa Stream than the water system inside the Gwangneung Forest, the annual community structure appeared to have distinct differences.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture Conference
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• 2017.03a
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• pp.30-31
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• 2017

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.53 no.4
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• pp.347-354
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• 2014

This study was carried out to clarify the change of butterfly community after clear cutting. Butterfly survey was conducted in clear cutting area, forest road, and forest using line transect method from May to November in 2011. A total of 32 species and 398 individuals of butterflies were observed. Abundance of food niche breadth and habitat type was significantly higher in clear cutting area than in forest. Estimated species richness and species diversity were significantly higher in clear cutting area than in forest. In clear cutting area, Leptidea amurensis and Argynnis niobe, vulnerable species, were abundant. This result suggests that grasslands formed by clear cutting play an important role to increase butterfly diversity in forest ecosystem.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.59 no.4
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• pp.357-360
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• 2020

We identified Jolcham oak (Quercus serrata Thunb. ex Murray) (Fagales: Fagaceae) as a new host tree for Callipogon relictus Semenov (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae), a Korean natural monument and an endangered species, in Gwangneung Forest, South Korea. We herein report the morphometric characteristics of C. relictus larvae found in a Q. serrata tree and provide a revised list of C. relictus hosts.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.46 no.1 s.145
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• pp.19-25
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• 2007

A survey to investigate the inhabitation of Callipogon relictus Semenov and evaluate the population of the species in the Gwangneung Forest was conducted during last seven years. During the study, a female was observed in the forest in 2006 which confirmed a possibility of the inhabitation with a small population. Fortunately, a ovipositing female was observed in the forest during this study period in 2006. The female laid more than 20 eggs singly in the crack of bark of the Carpinus laxiflora Blume. We collated the all available data for the species with the present study including the previous reports to provide the information far the conservation plan. It will be needed the long term monitoring and various efforts for the conservation of the species will be need hereafter.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.191-203
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• 2006

To understand the effect of forest fragmentation on forest-dwelling birds, it is more effective to analyze on the selected specialists than on the whole bird community. We investigated the edge preference of forest-dwelling birds to discriminate habitat specialist species in the interior and on the edge of temperate deciduous forests in central Korea. Point count and line transect census were conducted at Gwangneung forest from February to October. Our result shows that there was no consistent tendency in abundance of birds between in the interior and on the edge because of the different landscape characteristics and the high proportion of habitat generalists. Five habitat specialists in 73 bird species were identified by the differences in both population densities; three forest interior and two forest edge specialists. Asian Stubtail Warblers (Urosphena squameiceps), Pale Thrushes (Turdus pallidus) and Coal Tits (Parus ater) were included in the forest interior group, but Black-billed Magpies (Pica pica) and Black-naped Orioles (Oriolus chinensis) were classified as the forest edge group. We suppose that a selective monitoring on patterns and changes in spatial use of these five habitat specialists is needed to estimate the effects of forest fragmentation in temperate deciduous forests. And, moreover, systematic monitoring methods for field survey should be established based on the point count method and line transect census to ensure the equality of data.

• Proceedings of The Korean Society of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology Conference
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• 2013.11a
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• pp.25-25
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• 2013

식생의 생물계절학적 특성은 지표면과 대기의 에너지와 물 순환에 큰 영향을 미친다. 일반적으로 상층군락과 하층군락의 식생은 미기후의 차이 등에 의해 서로 다른 생물계절학적 특성을 가진다. 이러한 식생의 생물계절학적 특성은 반사도 관측을 통해 추정할 수 있다. 과거부터 원격탐사 기법을 활용하여 식생의 생물계절학적 특성을 추정하는 많은 연구가 수행되어 왔다. 그러나 대부분의 연구는 상층군락과 하층군락의 반사특성을 구분하지 않았다. 본 연구에서는 상층군락과 하층군락 식생의 생물계절학적 특성을 구분하여 탐지하기 위해 red, green, blue 그리고 near-infrared 의 네 가지 파장대를 가진 LED 센서를 이용하였다. LED 센서는 광릉 시험림 내의 활엽수림과 침엽수림 관측지에 서로 다른 네 군데의 높이에 설치되어 각 파장대의 반사도를 산출하였다. 또한 반사도를 이용하여 세 가지 식생지수(NDVI, EVI, Greenness index)를 산출하여 상층식생과 하층식생의 개엽기를 추정하였다.